228 research outputs found
The intention to share: professionals’ knowledge sharing behaviors in online communities
No full textSince the 1990s, the rise of some online communities as well as the decline of others has caught the attention of academia as well as of practice. One assumption for the decline of some online communities is the lack of the rich knowledge content that is believed to be the source of competitiveness and sustainability of any online community. Online communities are increasingly acknowledging the value of knowledge and the knowledge sharing processes required for online communities to build and sustain their identity in this competitive and constantly changing online environment. This research aims to provide an understanding of knowledge sharing behavior through the adaptation of two major theories imported from Social Psychology: the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB). Exploring knowledge sharing from a social psychological perspective provides an understanding of the process an individual goes through to make the decision to share his/her knowledge with others as well as the different psychological factors facilitating or hindering knowledge sharing behavior. Research findings are based on a web-survey of 158 group members, and an observation of interactions of eight active groups in one online community of professional educators. Proposing an extended theoretical model of knowledge sharing behavior in an online community, this research found that normative pressures, including subjective norms and descriptive norms, had a strong influence on the formation of the individual’s intention to share in the online community. Knowledge sharing self-efficacy also was found to significantly account for explaining the individual’s motivation to share his/her knowledge with other members. Attitude and controllability were not found to have significant impacts on the formation of intention. The qualitative analysis of the interactions of members of eight active groups revealed that there were other implicit factors that motivated individuals to engage in online activities. The observation of 24 online sessions had generated beliefs related to knowledge sharing behavior. Those beliefs were related to normative beliefs and the pressure created by the expectations of others, control beliefs and the confidence of the individual’s ability to behave, and finally, behavioral beliefs and individual outcome expectations.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Bibi M. Alajm
اردو افسانہ نگاری کے تناظر میں ماہ نامہ ’’عصمت‘‘ کے افسانوں کا موضوعاتی مطالعہ
No full textMost of the fiction published in the journal monthly Ismat is about the moral and educational condition of Muslims, especially Muslim women. Because the purpose of this journal was to promote such literature which could set the right direction for the society. Therefore, the monthly Ismat played its role well in this regard, And published such short stories Which presents to the reader every aspect of the human life Most of the women who write in the monthly Ismat are unknown, and even they are not professional writers. These women belongs from ordinary families. The common problems of life and their solutions can be seen in their fictions but these fictions cannot be judged on literary standards. The purpose of these myths is so strong that stories sometimes seem like long dialogues instead of stories. . This article is a thematic study of the fictions of the monthly Asmat in the context of Urdu fiction.
اردو لغت (تاریخی اصول پر)‘‘ کے اندراجات کی معنوی وضاحت کا تجزیہ’’
No full textAnalysis of explanations of meanings in Urdu Lughat: Tareekhi Usool Par
By Ameena Bibi, Assistant Prof, Department of Urdu, International Islamic University, Islamabad
Urdu Dictionary Board (UDB) has compiled and published Urdu’s most comprehensive dictionary, titled Urdu Lughat: Tareekhi Usool Par (Urdu Dictionary: on historical principles). While appreciating the monumental work, the author of this paper has pointed out certain lacuna in the way many of the entries in Urdu Lughat published by UDB are explained. The author has also compared the explanatory wordings in UDB’s dictionary with some other dictionaries of Urdu and has explained what and which is correct and what errors have been committed by UDB editors. Although she is all-praise for the work, she has objectively evaluated some portions of UDB’s dictionary in the light of lexicographic rules
Funding strategies for business development: sustainability and growth
No full textThis study analyses incubator business development program held by HayRadiance Foundation through its viable activities. By engaged partnerships, unified technology, and focused on sustainability, the foundation is not only created economic opportunities but also contributed to the wider goal of global interconnectedness. Through this case study, the author discussed how targeted strategies can empower entrepreneurs and communities in a rapidly evolving global landscap
Biodecolorization of Reactive Black 5 by laccasemediator system
No full textReactive azo dyes are widely used as textile colorants, typically for cotton dyeing, due to their variety of color shades, and minimal energy consumption. In the present study, commercial laccase from Trametes versicolor was used for the biodecolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) dye using different redox mediators viz, N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,6-dimethoxy phenol (DMP), syringaldehyde, vanillin, aceto-vanillone, p-coumaric acid and catechol. Commercial laccase alone did not show any considerable decolorization of RB-5. However, the laccase in the presence of syringaldehyde showed the strongest decolorization rate (98%), followed by vanillin (55.21%), aceto-vanillone (53.25%), ABTS (42.78%), p-coumaric acid (41.9%), DMP (39%), and catechol (36.33%); while least decolorization was observed with HBT at dye/mediator ratio of only 1:5 after 30 min. Therefore, syringaldehyde performance was evaluated at different mediator/dye ratios (1:1, 1:5 and 1:10) using commercial laccase and it was compared with that of synthetic mediator like HBT. It was found that the presence of syringaldehyde was essential for biodecolorization of RB-5. Moreover, it was observed that syringaldehyde was an effective natural redox mediator as compared to synthetic HBT. Enhanced decolorization (98%) of RB-5 by laccase was observed with 1:5 syringaldehyde and dye ratio for 30 min but maximum removal (22%) of RB-5 was recorded with HBT at 1:1 after 40 min. Thus, the study reveals that the phenolic compounds could be used as potential redox mediators for enhanced laccase-mediated decolorization of azo dyes.Keywords: Reactive Black 5 (RB-5), redox mediators, laccase, biodegradation, azo dyesAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(29), pp. 7464-7471, 10 April, 201
Optimization of Process Parameters for Enhanced Decolorization of NOVASOL Direct Black Textile Dye by Agaricus bitorqus
No full textA Study of Resistance in Irfan Ahmed Urfi’s Short Stories: عرفان احمد عرفی کے افسانوں میں مزاحمت نگاری:ایک مطالعہ
No full textWhere the invasion of scientific inventions has eased the problems of man, it has introduced new problems as well. The problems of the modern age are also of a new type. These problems are not only limited to the identity crisis of the individual but also include the problems arising under the modern industrial system. Current affairs and contemporary issues have always been made a subject in Urdu fiction. However, the problems of the modern age are such a critical that every fiction writer cannot afford to subject them in writing. Manto and Asmat took in their fictions the critical issues of their era. On the one hand, they had to face resistance by readers and writers due to the violation of traditional themes. On the other hand, they themselves emerged as prominent names of resistance against social problems. In the present era, the example of Irfan Ahmad Urfi can also be taken so. He is not so prominent in the contemporary Urdu fiction scene because the reader has no insight to afford a second recitation after reading his short stories. His fiction is an open resistance against the evils of the modern age. In the article under review, an attempt has been made to present some colors of this resistance from his short stories.
Keywords: scientific inventions, Industrial System, Irfan Ahmed Urfi, Manto, Ismat, Resistanc
Modern Trends in Urdu Literature: A Brief Overview
No full textThe contemporary Urdu literary world unites classic heritage with novel emotional content through innovative structural forms. This research project checks vital shifts within contemporary Urdu literature while assessing how progressive writers embraced social justice discussion through protests against repressive practices. Following independence Urdu writers conducted significant investigations into partition trauma through the study of dislocation effects and culture separation together with identity matters. New counting patterns and literary building approaches emerged as fundamental elements in contemporary Urdu literature because authors utilize these elements to express the realities of current times. Publisher and artist women use feminist works to confront patriarchal social structures and express themselves forcefully across poetry and prose forms. Through their literary contributions Ismat Chughtai joined by Qurratulain Hyder and Faiz Ahmed Faiz shaped novel trends in Urdu literature that delved into political events and gender analyses with human experiential study. The combination of worldwide integration and digital platforms has widened Urdu literature\u27s reading audience base while maintaining original language roots to allow writers global literary exposure. Leaving behind social critique and political examination Urdu literature maintains both its academic relevance and cultural depth
The Rights and Duties of Women According to Bibi Khanom Astarabadi and Taj al-Saltana: Two Examples of Feminist Social Critique in Iran at the Turn of the 20th Century
No full textThis paper aims to juxtapose two crucial texts for the early history of feminism in Iran: a satirical treatise entitled Maʼayeb al-rejal (The vices of men) from 1894 written by Bibi Khanom Astarabadi (1858/59–1921) and the memoirs of Taj al-Saltana
(1884–1936), a daughter of Naser al-Din Shah (r. 1848–1896), penned in 1914. In spite of the authors’ different backgrounds and the diversity of issues raised, both devoted plenty of attention to the desirable qualities of a ‘modern Iranian woman’—a new ideal championed by the Iranian reformist movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s. This progressive ideal of woman, however, remained rooted in a traditional paradigm
equating womanhood with wifehood and motherhood. Through a literary analysis of the works of Bibi Khanom and Taj al-Saltana, the author argues that the early Iranian feminists integrated their advocacy for dignity and ‘modernity’ of woman into the patriarchal outlook by reserving for their ‘sisters’ the functions of educators and carers
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