GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
Not a member yet
335 research outputs found
Sort by
A Biographical Study of Ghalib Through the Lens of His Letters and Dramas : سوانح غالب “خطوط” اور “ڈرامے” کے تناظر میں
No full textGhalib is like a beacon of light in Urdu literature, whose radiance has not dimmed even after centuries have passed. Hundreds of books have been written — and continue to be written — about his personality, shedding light on different aspects of his life and thought. This process is ongoing and shows no signs of stopping. Along with poetry, Ghalib was also a remarkable figure in prose. He had an exceptional ability to draw meaning and insight from even the most ordinary conversations. There is no trace of despair or hopelessness in his writings. He knew the art of living gracefully under all circumstances. In his writings, Ghalib described the details of his personal life and social environment with great subtlety and skill. On the surface, these might seem like off-the-record remarks, but they collectively paint a complete picture of his life. These expressions are free of artificiality or pretension and serve as a true reflection of his inner emotional world. For instance, when and where was he born? What was his family background? What were his sources of livelihood? What kind of relationships did he have with others? What were his views on food, drink, and other social matters? — All of these topics are thoroughly and insightfully discussed in his prose. This is why the dramas and artistic works based on Ghalib’s life are able to beautifully portray the essence of his personality and existence.
Key words: Human psychology, Ancestral professions, British army, New paths, Vibrant personality, Wisdom, Deprivations
Politics, Society, and Intellectual Evolution: An Evolutionary Study of Freedom of Thought in Contemporary Perspective: سیاست، سماج اور فکری ارتقاء: عصری تناظر میں فکری آزادی کا ارتقائی جائزہ
No full textThis research paper investigates the historical and intellectual evolution of freedom of thought in relation to politics and society. In today’s globalized and ideologically polarized world, the question of intellectual autonomy is both urgent and complex. The study analyzes how political structures, social norms, and cultural ideologies have shaped — and at times restricted — the development of independent thinking. Through a critical and interdisciplinary approach, the paper explores the dialectical relationship between authority and dissent, obedience and consciousness, and examines how intellectual freedom emerges, evolves, or collapses in different sociopolitical contexts. Special attention is given to modern societies where surveillance, censorship, populism, and ideological conformity challenge individual liberty. The research argues that intellectual freedom is not a static ideal, but an ongoing struggle shaped by historical experience, social structures, and political will. The goal is to understand how societies can cultivate environments where diverse ideas thrive and critical thinking is not only tolerated but celebrated.
Key Words: Intellectual Evolution, Politics, Society, Critical Thinking, Authority and Dissen
Mystical and Symbolic Expression of Nature in the Poetry of Saib Tabrizi
Full text linkThis article explores the symbolic and mystical portrayal of nature in the poetry of Saib Tabrizi, a seminal figure of the Safavid era and a leading exponent of the Indian Style (Sabk-e-Hindi) in Persian literature. Unlike traditional descriptive nature poetry, Saib employs natural elements as metaphors and symbols to express profound spiritual, philosophical, and psychological truths. Through an analysis of recurring images such as bubbles, clouds, seasons, and moonlight, the study reveals how Saib's internal world and metaphysical insights are projected onto the natural landscape. Drawing parallels with European Symbolist poets and thinkers like Coleridge, the article underscores how for Saib, nature is not merely an external reality but a reflective mirror of the poet's soul. His vision transforms simple phenomena into carriers of complex ideas, embodying Sufi notions such as divine unity and inner awakening. Nature in Saib's poetry is thus both aesthetic and epistemological.
Keywords: Saib Tabrizi, Persian Poetry, Nature Imagery, Sabk-e-Hindi, Symbolism, Mysticism, Sufism, Symbolist Poets, Inner World, Metaphysical Expression, Nature and Spiritualit
Artistic Review of Dr. Mahmood Ahmed Asir's Poetry: ڈاکٹر محموداحمد اسیر کی شاعری کا فنی جائزہ
No full textThis paper presents an artistic review of the poetry of Dr. Mahmood Ahmed Asir, a distinguished voice in contemporary Urdu literature. The study emphasizes the aesthetic dimensions of his creative expression, highlighting the richness of imagery, rhythmic patterns, and stylistic elegance that characterize his work. Special focus is placed on his use of symbolism, metaphors, and linguistic innovation, which together create a distinctive artistic identity. By examining selected poems, the paper reveals how he blends traditional poetic conventions with modern sensibilities to produce a unique harmony of form and thought. His poetry not only captures the beauty of human emotions and cultural experiences but also reflects a refined artistic consciousness that resonates with readers across generations
Keywords: Mehmood Ahmed Asir, Poetry, Literature, Symbols, Expression
Navigating Torn Identity: A Postcolonial Critique of Diasporic Experiences of Immigrants in Adiga’s Amnesty
Full text linkThis paper examines Aravind Adiga’s Amnesty through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the fractured identity and precarious existence of undocumented immigrants in diaspora. The novel portrays Danny, a Sri Lankan migrant in Australia, whose survival depends on negotiating cultural displacement, economic marginalization, and the constant threat of deportation. By foregrounding Danny’s struggle between concealment and confession, the story of the novel illuminates the psychological and ethical dilemmas that mark immigrant life in a postcolonial context. The textual; analysis highlights how diasporic identity is shaped by tension between belonging and exclusion, visibility and invisibility, freedom and constraint. Reading Amnesty within the framework of postcolonial theory, the paper reveals how immigrant subjectivity is torn between the host nation’s structures of surveillance and the migrant’s desire for recognition and dignity. Ultimately, Adiga’s novel highlights the contradictions of multicultural societies where the immigrant is both essential to and excluded from the national fabric.
Key Words: Postcolonialism, Diaspora, Immigration, Identity crisis, Hybridity, Cultural displacement, Marginalizatio
The Concept of Peace in the Poetry of Akbar's rival
No full textPeace is one of the most vital needs of humanity. In Pashto poetry, poets have long expressed resistance to war and a desire for harmony. Akbar Sial stands out as a progressive poet whose works focus on peace, unity, and love for his nation. His poetry condemns war as destructive and irrational while promoting brotherhood, cultural preservation, and human values. This study shows that Akbar Sial’s poetry carries a universal message of rejecting war and upholding human dignity.
Keywords: Peace, War, Akbar Sial, Pashto Poetry, Harmon
The Role of Translation in the Development of Society : سماجی ترقی میں ترجمے کا کردار
No full textThis study critically evaluates the elementary role of translation in the development of human society. Human society itself is the product of human’s primary and secondary needs. However, these needs evolve with the passage of time into a more vibrant and protective shields. There are diverse perspectives worldwide on the promotion of human society. The said study is one of them. The literature review contextually delineates that score of factors significantly contribute in this way. Nevertheless, the outstanding role of translation in this respect is not the exception. The study has specifically focused on this notion of the role translation in the development of society.
Keywords: Translation, Society, Developmen
Ghotkian Urdu Poets Under Classical Shades: گھوٹکی کے اردو شعراء میں کلاسیکی رنگ
No full textNo one is born a poet or writer; rather, one becomes so through environment, experience, and intellectual maturity. Every poet is shaped by the social, political, and literary context of his era. Classical poets of Urdu hold a permanent place because they created styles and themes that became models for later generations. A true classic is one whose work expands human thought, enriches imagination, reveals moral truths, and inspires timeless passion. The poets of Ghotki district cannot be classified as “classical,” but their works clearly reflect the impact of classical masters. Though separated by more than a century, Ghotki’s poets drew inspiration from greats like Mir Taqi Mir and Khwaja Mir Dard. For example, the mystic themes of Dard influenced several local poets, while the depth of Mir’s expression can be felt in the verses of Muftoon Korai. Despite differences in style and diction, similarities of thought reveal this influence. Modern Ghotki poets such as Dilshad Siddiqui and Syed Sakhawat Ali also show traces of classical aesthetics, from romantic imagery to metaphors of love, mysticism, and human coexistence. Thus, while preserving their individuality, Ghotki poets enriched Urdu literature by absorbing classical traditions and presenting them in a contemporary voice
Fundamental Principles, Objectives, and Ethical Foundations of Islamic Economics: An Analytical Study
Full text linkThis research paper titled "Fundamental Principles, Objectives, and Ethical Foundations of Islamic Economics: An Analytical Study" presents a comprehensive analysis of the Islamic economic system, contrasting its spiritually integrated approach with secular Western economic models such as Capitalism and Socialism. The study begins by establishing the core philosophical difference: while secular systems often prioritize material growth and individual profit, Islamic economics is rooted in the concept of Tawhid (Oneness of God) and the purpose of human creation, which is obedience to the Creator. It posits that economic activities are not an end in themselves but a means to achieve spiritual and moral success. The paper outlines the fundamental principles of the Islamic system, emphasizing "Divine Ownership." It argues that absolute ownership of all resources belongs to Allah, and humans act only as trustees (Khalifah). This concept negates arrogance and enforces a responsibility to use resources according to Divine law. A significant portion of the study focuses on the state's role, highlighting the obligation of Kifalat-e-Aamma (social security) to ensure no citizen is deprived of basic necessities. It also references traditional scholars like Shah Waliullah, Ibn Khaldun, and Mufti Muhammad Shafi to underscore the importance of a just judiciary and the implementation of Islamic penal laws (Hudood) in maintaining economic stability and security. Furthermore, the document addresses the concept of equality. It clarifies that while Islam mandates equality in the opportunity to earn a livelihood, it acknowledges natural disparities in wealth and rank as a test from God and a mechanism for social interdependence. To prevent the negative effects of inequality, the system imposes mechanisms like Zakat, Sadaqat, and inheritance laws to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth and prevent its concentration in a few hands. Finally, the paper details the strict prohibition of exploitative practices, specifically Riba (interest), bribery (Rishwat), gambling (Maysir), and hoarding (Ihtikar). It argues that these practices destroy social justice, foster enmity, and hinder spiritual growth. The study concludes that Islamic economics offers a balanced alternative that harmonizes individual self-interest with social welfare, aiming for a society grounded in justice, compassion, and moral rectitude.
Keywords: Islamic Economics, Divine Ownership, Social Justice, Prohibition of Riba,Wealth Distribution
Thematic Diversity In Majeed Amjad's Poetry: مجید امجد کی شاعری میں موضوعاتی تنوع
No full textMajeed Amjad (1914-1974) from Jhang was a leading Urdu poet. He gave Urdu poetry a styleofmodern themes and played an important role in bringing it closer to world literature withhissimple but profound imagination. Among the first generation of poets who made their impact onUrdu poetry after the establishment of Pakistan, Majeed Amjad's name comes first. Especiallyinthe tradition of Urdu poetry, he added some colors that belong only to him. MajeedAmjad'sghazals also have their own special mood, but he was basically a poet of poetry. He startedhisliterary life as the editor of Jhang's newspaper "Urooj" and had to wash his hands of theeditorship for raising his voice against British imperialism. Later, he was appointed as anofficerof the Food Department and worked there until his death. His first collection of poems "Shab-e-Rafta" was published in 1958. His second collection of poetry, "Shab Rafta Ke Baad", waspublished after his death in 1976, and his complete poetry was published in "Kaliyat-e-MajeedAmjad" in 1989. He made the common themes of daily life the focus of his poetry, but withamodern style of expression. By writing on titles like "Hari Bhari Faslo", "Bus StandPar", "Harappe Ka Ek Katba", "Accident" and "Kahani Ek Malik Ki", he brought Urdu poetry inlinewith modern trends.
Key Words: Majeed Amjad, Jhang, leading Urdu poet, "Urooj", "Shab-e-Rafta", ShabRaftaKeBaad", "Kaliyat-e-Majeed Amjad", Hari Bhari Faslo", "Bus Stand Par", "Harappe Ka EkKatba", "Accident" and "Kahani Ek Malik Ki