236 research outputs found
Politics and Exhaustion — with Asad Haider
No full textTheorist and author Asad Haider joins Below the Radar to discuss questions he explores in his book, Mistaken Identity: Race and Class in the Age of Trump. Asad discusses how class dynamics cannot be separated from identity-driven movements. As well, he explores ideas of political exhaustion in the tradition of political theorists such as Sylvain Lazarus and Alain Badiou. In this interview, Asad interrogates the role of identity in politics and how it has been taken up in discourse — complicating the relationship between race and class in a context that has been defined by capital interests. Asad and Am discuss theoretical questions around frameworks for political organizing and solidarity across movements. He also speaks to our current moment as one of political exhaustion, where it\u27s difficult to mobilize transformative political change
Binary Pattern for Nested Cardinality Constraints for Software Product Line of IoT-Based Feature Models
No full textSoftware product line (SPL) is extensively used for reusability of resources in family of products. Feature modeling is an important technique used to manage common and variable features of SPL in applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT). In order to adopt SPL for application development, organizations require information, such as cost, scope, complexity, number of features, total number of products, and combination of features for each product to start the application development. Application development of IoT is varied in different contexts, such as heat sensor indoor and outdoor environment. Variability management of IoT applications enables to find the cost, scope, and complexity. All possible combinations of features make it easy to find the cost of individual application. However, exact number of all possible products and features combination for each product is more valuable information for an organization to adopt product line. In this paper, we have proposed binary pattern for nested cardinality constraints (BPNCC), which is simple and effective approach to calculate the exact number of products with complex relationships between application's feature models. Furthermore, BPNCC approach identifies the feasible features combinations of each IoT application by tracing the constraint relationship from top-to-bottom. BPNCC is an open source and tool-independent approach that does not hide the internal information of selected and non-selected IoT features. The proposed method is validated by implementing it on small and large IoT application feature models with "n'' number of constraints, and it is found that the total number of products and all features combinations in each product without any constraint violation.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the Korean Government (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1C1B2008624
Erratum to: Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals (Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, (2018), 32, 4, (1749-1760), 10.1007/s12206-018-0331-5)
No full textThere is one correction to make to the original article. The affiliation of the 3rd author, Muhammad Asad, was misprinted. The affiliation should be corrected as follows:3Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Multi-Objective Optimum Solutions for IoT-Based Feature Models of Software Product Line
No full textA software product line is used for the development of a family of products utilizing the reusability of existing resources with low costs and time to market. Feature Model (FM) is used extensively to manage the common and variable features of a family of products, such as Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In the literature, the binary pattern for nested cardinality constraints (BPNCC) approach has been proposed to compute all possible combinations of development features for IoT applications without violating any relationship constraints. Relationship constraints are a predefined set of rules for the selection of features from an FM. Due to high probability of relationship constraints violations, obtaining optimum features combinations from large IoT-based FMs are a challenging task. Therefore, in order to obtain optimum solutions, in this paper, we have proposed multi-objective optimum-BPNCC that consists of three independent paths (first, second, and third). Furthermore, we applied heuristics on these paths and found that the first path is infeasible due to space and execution time complexity. The second path reduces the space complexity; however, time complexity increases due to the increasing group of features. Among these paths, the performance of the third path is best as it removes optional features that are not required for optimization. In experiments, we calculated the outcomes of all three paths that show the significant improvement of optimum solution without constraint violation occurrence. We theoretically prove that this paper is better than previously proposed optimization algorithms, such as a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and an indicator-based evolutionary algorithm.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the Korean government (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1C1B2008624
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
TEORI KEBERMAKSUDAN DALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR'AN (STUDI AYAT ALEGORI DALAM THE MESSAGE OF THE QURAN KARYA MUHAMMAD ASAD)
No full textTranslation of the Al-Qur’an has become a contestation to explore the meaning of
the Qur’an more concisely. However, despite its brevity, there is a rather complex
polemic. Based on the Skopos Theory (meaningful translation), the author here
discusses about the Al Qur’an translation released by Muhammad Asad titled “The
Message of the Quran”. The core problem raised in this study is to identify the
translation hermeneutics which brought to the surface by Asad in terms of the
intention theory; as well as examining his translation result of allegoric verses
(mutasyābihāt), which consist of three subcategories: anthropomorphism,
muqaṭṭa’āt, and supernaturalism. Both of these problems were explored using a
descriptive-qualitative method which generated several findings. First,
hermeneutically, Asad puts rationality as the aim that underlies each movement of
translations. Asad supports his aim with several points of purpose, such as context,
extra quranic nasakh, emphasizing the integration concept of the verses, along with
mainstreaming the ibrah over the historicity of the Qur’an. Second, specifically in
three themes of allegorical verses: anthropomorphism, muqaṭṭa’āt, and
supernaturalism (gaib), Asad still stands faithful to the rationality concept.
However in this topic, the validity of Asad’s rationality is being tested, considering
the limitation of human’s reasoning, whereas revelation does not. Responding this
dilemma, Asad preferred to conclude his arguments turned around, that the true
truth of Al-Qur’an’s meaning lays on God’s hands. This is a rationality according
to Muhammad Asad. Lastly, theoretical reflection of this research is a paradigm
shifting of translation from equivalency to purposive, which is very relevant when
translating scriptures
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN VISIONER, PERILAKU ORGANISASI, KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN HONORER IAIN SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
No full textThe objective of this research is to study the effect of visionary leadership,
organizational behavior, persuasive communication and organizational
commitment on the performance. The research approach is quantitative and the
analysis method used is path analysis The research was conducted at IAIN
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin located in Jambi, using survey with the samples of 87
temporary staffs being selected simple randomly.The research findings show: (1)
visionary leadership has positively and significantly affected the performance; (2)
organizational behavior has positively and significantly affected the performance;
(3) organizational behavior has positively and significantly affected the
organizational commitment; (4) persuasive communication has positively and
significantly affected the organizational commitment. Based on these findings, it
can be concluded that enhancing the performance can be done through
strengthening leadership and improving organizational behavior. It was also
obtained that (1) performance was not significantly influenced by organizational
commitment and persuasive communication, and (2) organizational commitment
was not significantly influenced by visionary leadership.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh kepemimpinan visioner,
perilaku organisasi, komunikasi persuasif dan komitmen organisasional terhadap
kienrja. Pendekatan penelitian bersifat kuantitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah
analisis jalur. Penelitian dilakukan pada IAIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin yang terletak
di Jambi, menggunakan survei dengan sampel 87 karyawan honorer yang dipilih secara
acak. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kepemimpinan visioner berpengaruh positif
dan signifikan terhadap kinerja; (2) perilaku organisasi berpengaruh positif dan
signifikan terhadap kinerja; (3) perilaku organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan
terhadap komitmen organisasional; (4) komunikasi persuasif berpengaruh positif dan
signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Berdasarkan temuan-temuan tersebut
dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kinerja dapat dilakukan dengan
memperkuat kepemimpinan dan memperbaiki perilaku organisasi. Dari hasil
peneIitian juga diperoleh bahwa (1) kinerja tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh
komitmen organisasional dan komunikasi persuasif dan (2) komitmen organisasional
tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh kepemimpinan visoner
Rasionalitas tafsir The Message Of The Quran karya Muhammad Asad: Analisis ayat-ayat mukjizat
No full textINDONESIA :
Khawariqul ‘Adah atau diistilahkan dengan peristiwa luar biasa yang Allah anugerahkan kepada para nabisebagai bukti kenabiannya di hadapan umatnya pada waktu nabi di utus. Sesuatu yang diluar nalar atau irasonal (tidak masuk akal), atau khawariqul ‘adah. Seperti halnya Nabi Ibrahim A.s yang tidak terluka sama sekali oleh api ketika dibakar oleh kaumnya dan Nabi Isa As. Yang bisa menghidupkan orang mati, atau ketika Nabi Musa A.s membelah lautan dengan tongkatnya saat di kejar oleh Fir’aun dan pasukannya, dan masih banyak lagi nabi-nabi lain yang mendapatkan mukjizat dari Allah Swt. di satu sisi mukjizat itu adalah kejadian di luar nalar akan tetapi ada mufassir yang mencoba merasionalkan ayat-ayat mukjizat para nabi agar bisa dipahami akal, seperti apa yang dikemukaan oleh Muhammad Asad, bahwa kejadian luar biasa pada masa lalu ( mukjizat) yang dialami oleh para nabi, zaman sekarang harus bisa dipahami secara rasional.
Di dalam penelitian tesis ini memakai analisis-deskriftif yang berkaitan dengan pendapat penafsiran Muhammad Asad mengenai ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan mukjizat para nabi di dalam al-Qur’an, langkah yang diambil oleh penulis di dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah dengan mencari kata mukjizat dalam al-Qu’ran, seterusnya menncoba melihat pembahasan mukjizat para nabi dalam al-Qur’an, kemudian langkah selanjutnya adalah mencoba menganaslisis penafsiran Muhammad Asad dan membandingkan dengan penafsiran-penafsiran yang sudah ada baik penafsiran sebelum Muhammad Asad atau penafsiran setelah Muhammad Asad.
Semua ayat yang berkaitan dengan kejadian luar biasa, yang menimpa para nabi. Muhammad Asad terkadang merujuk pada penafsiran-penafsiran sebelum dirinya yang sependapat dengan penafsirannya, mengutif dari Bibel, mencari makna kata dll, agar penafsirannya rasional.
Muhammad Asad, dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat alqur’an mengenai mukjizat para nabi, menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah yaitu peristiwa-peristiwa alam dan banyak juga menggunakan bentuk-bentuk penafsiran alegoris. Sehingga muncul sebuah penafsiran yang rasional.
ENGLISH :
Khawariqul 'Adah or it is termed an extraordinary event that Allah gave to the prophets as proof of his prophethood before his people when the prophet was sent. Something that is beyond reason or irrational (does not make sense), or khawariqul 'adah. Like Prophet Ibrahim A.s, who was not injured at all by fire when burned by his people and Prophet Isa As. Who can bring the dead to life, or when the Prophet Musa A.s split the sea with his staff while being chased by Fir'awn and his troops, and many other prophets who received miracles from Allah SWT. on the one hand the miracle is an unreasonable incident but there are commentators who try to rationalize the miracle verses of the prophets so that reason can be understood, like what Muhammad Asad disclosed, that extraordinary events in the past (miracles) were experienced by the prophet, today must be understood rationally.
In this thesis research, using descriptive analysis related to Muhammad Asad's interpretation of the verses related to the miracles of the prophets in the Koran, the steps taken by the author in the data collection process were to look for the word miracle in al-Qu'ran, then tries to look at the discussion of miracles of the prophets in the Koran, then the next step is to try to analyze Muhammad Asad's interpretation and compare it with existing interpretations, either pre-Muhammad Asad or after Muhammad Asad.
All the verses relate to the extraordinary events that befell the prophets. Muhammad Asad sometimes refers to his prior interpretations that agree with his interpretation, curse from the Bible, look for the meaning of words etc., so that the interpretation is rational.
Muhammad Asad in interpreting the verses of the alquran regarding the miracles of the prophets, used a scientific approach, namely natural events and also used many forms of allegorical interpretation.
ARAB :
خوارق اعادة أو ما يسمى بحدث غير عادي أعطاه الله للأنبياء كدليل على نبوته على قومه عند إرسال النبي. ما هو فوق العقل أو غير منطقي ، أو خوارق الصلاة. مثل النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام ، الذي لم يصب إطلاقاً بنيران أحرقه قومه ونبيه عيسى عليه السلام من يستطيع إحياء الموتى ، أو عندما شق النبي موسى البحر بعصاه أثناء مطاردته من قبل فرعون وجنوده ، والعديد من الأنبياء الآخرين الذين تلقوا المعجزات من الله سبحانه وتعالى. من ناحية ، المعجزة حادثة غير معقولة ، لكن هناك مفسرين يحاولون تبرير آيات
معجزات الأنبياء بحيث يمكن فهم العقل ، مثل ما كشفه محمد أسد ، تلك الأحداث غير العادية في الماضي (المعجزات) التي مرت بها. الأنبياء اليوم يجب فهمهم بعقلانية.
يستخدم البحث في هذه الرسالة التحليل الوصفي المتعلق بتفسير محمد أسد للآيات المتعلقة بإعجاز الأنبياء في القرآن ، والخطوات التي اتخذها المؤلف في عملية جمع البيانات هي البحث عن كلمة معجزة في ثم يحاول القرآن أن ينظر في مناقشة معجزات الأنبياء في القرآن ، ثم الخطوة التالية هي محاولة تحليل تفسير محمد أسد ومقارنته بالتفسيرات الموجودة ، سواء قبل محمد الأسد أو بعد محمد أسد.
كل الآيات تتعلق بالأحداث غير العادية التي حلت بالأنبياء. يشير محمد أسد أحيانًا إلى تفسيراته السابقة التي تتفق مع التفسير ، ويلعن من الكتاب المقدس ، ويبحث عن معنى الكلمات ، وما إلى ذلك ، حتى يكون التفسير عقلانيًا.
استخدم محمد أسد في تفسير آيات القرآن الخاصة بمعجزات الأنبياء منهجًا علميًا ، أي الأحداث الطبيعية ، كما استخدم العديد من أشكال التفسير المجازي
Идея антропологии ислама
No full textIn his article The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam, written in 1986, Talal Asad focuses on the conceptual basis of the literature on this problem. What, he asks, exactly, is the anthropology of Islam? What is its object of investigation? There appear to be at least three common answers to the question, according to the author: (1) that in the final analysis there is no such theoretical object as Islam; (2) that Islam is the anthropologist’s label for a heterogeneous collection of items, each of which has been designated Islamic by informants; (3) that Islam is a distinctive historical totality which organizes various aspects of social life. We will look briefly at the first two answers, and then examine at length the third, which is in principle the most interesting, even though it is not acceptable. Talal Asad criticises the textualization of social life, and redirects analysis away from the interpretation of behaviors and toward inquiry into the relation of practices to a discursive tradition. Asad’s new concept became important not only for anthropology of Islam, but also for a number of fields, concerned with ethics and religion in modernity: anthropology, religious studies, postcolonial studies, critical theory. Despite it was written three decades ago, the article is still a must read for any scholar in the field of Islamic Studies, especially in Russia.На протяжении десятилетий Талал Асад, в данное время занимающий должность профессора антропологии в Городском университете Нью-Йорка, в своих работах о религии и её взаимосвязи с острыми вопросами современной жизни постоянно опровергал доминирующие парадигмы антропологии. Критикуя текстуализацию социальной жизни, Асад переориентировал направление анализа от интерпретации поведения к проблеме отношений между практиками и тем, что он назвал «дискурсивной традицией». Асад создал эту концепцию в рамках исследований антропологии ислама, но она приобрела важную роль во множестве областей, связанных с этикой и религией эпохи модерна (антропология, религиоведение, постколониальные исследования, критическая теория). Впервые концепция получила развитие в публикуемой ниже статье, написанной в 1986 году. Несмотря на то, что прошло более 30 лет с момента публикации, текст до сих пор более чем актуален, особенно в российском контексте, не избалованном качественными антропологическими и социологическими работами в области исламоведения. Перевод статьи печатается с любезного согласия самого автора и Центра современных арабских исследований Джорджтаунского университета, для которого она было подготовлена
Street Children Religious Education: A Study on Car Window Cleaning Kids in Jambi
No full textChildren begin careers on the streets in several locations in the city of Jambi. They work on the streets as street musicians, vehicle glass cleaners, newspaper and tissue sellers, both forcibly and deliberately. Their existence is influenced by some factors, such as family neglect and socio-economic conditions; as well as finding work on the streets and sustaining the work are much easier than looking for work which uses energy or mind. The purpose of this research is to study the religious education of street children who become car glass cleaners which has increased significantly compared to other street professions. This study aims to explore two issues: where the children obtain their religious education and to what extent they practice it in their daily life. Qualitative collecting data techniques were used including observation and interviews. This research found that the street children interviewed in this study only had access to religious education at morning school. They do not attend madrasah, the Qur'an educational school or Taman Pengajian Alquran (TPA), and Sekolah Islam Terpadu. The dominant factors affecting their religious education were their school and their peer group at school. Meanwhile, parents seldom practice the religious duty in family, thus the parents’ influence on the children’s religious practices was minimal. Therefore, this research recommends other actors give early religious education for street children. Religious education can be integrated with their shelter homes which can be their early Islamic religious education
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