617 research outputs found
De-mystifying the Muslimah: Exploring Different Perceptions of Selected Young Muslim Women in Britain
No full textIn this research I argue that although Islam as a faith is inherently emancipatory, Muslim
women are doubly marginalised: by patriarchal interpretations of their faith within Muslim
communities and by pluralist society that often does not understand the faith-based values
and practices of Muslim women. The empowerment of Muslim women is crucial not just for
the women themselves but also for socio-political dynamics within the Muslim community
and its relationships in pluralist society. It is from this context, and acknowledging the paucity
of academic literature written by Muslim women, that I set out to give voice to them, so that
their opinions may be heard in discourses that they think are relevant to their lives. By
encouraging Muslim women to take voice and by facilitating mechanisms for these voices to
be heard, this research presents alternate narratives of Muslim women that challenge
dominant media imagery of the oppressed and subjugated Muslim woman. These narratives,
which are by and for Muslim women, portray instead the inherent diversity in the category
'Muslim woman' and thus add more facets to the category 'woman'.
I used an ethnographic methodology that involved participants as contributors in the creation
of new knowledge. Semi-structured interviews with 45 young university-educated Muslim
women and 7 group discussions were used as initial data-gathering tools. The penultimate
ethnographic stage involved Muslim women creating 3-minute long self-representational
digital stories (DSTs), which consist of an autobiographical narrative accompanied by still
pictures. This was a process of self-reflection for the women and an opportunity to take voice
and to be heard. The subsequent screening of these DSTs to audiences who were not
Muslim resulted in discussion and active debate about the reasons for prevalent
(mis)understandings of Muslim women and stereotypes were challenged. In its initiation of
more balanced representations of Muslim women this research empowers Muslim women,
and by contributing to dialogue and cohesion it also empowers pluralist society as a whole.
This research clarifies the overlapping priorities and identities of young British Muslim
women and initiates new discourses, as narrated by the women, on subjects including
religious interpretation and practice, feminism, media representation and social cohesion. In
the research findings I propose an evolving British-Muslim identity among Muslim youth (in
this case young women) which is distinct from that of their parents; a theological articulation
of a 'feminist' struggle for women's rights; and the need to engage with the media and others
to create positive representations of Muslim women. Experiences with DSTs indicate the
potential of personal narratives and interaction for the purposes of inter-community dialogue
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Kepemimpinan kiai dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat muslim minoritas (studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Baitul Hikmah, Waikabubak, Kab. Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur)
No full textPesantren merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan Islam yang asli (indigenous) dan tertua di Indonesia. Perjalanan dan kiprahnya memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini akan mengungkap salah satu pesantren yang berkembang pada masyarakat muslim minoritas khususnya di Waikabubak, Kabupaten Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Dalam hal ini aspek yang lebih ditekankan pada ranah kepemimpinan kiai dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam bidang pendidikan. Adapun tujuannya yaitu untuk mengetahui proses berdiri dan berkembangnya lembaga pendidikan Islam (Pondok Pesantren Baitul Hikmah, Waikabubak, Sumba Barat) pada komunitas muslim minoritas, dan juga untuk mengetahui peran seorang kiai dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, yaitu metode penelitian yang berusaha menggambarkan dan menginterpretasikan objek sesuai dengan data dan fakta. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dengan 5 (lima) informan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran kiai dalam memberdayakan masyarakat muslim minoritas tidak hanya sebatas menjadi pendidik maupun sebagai pimpinan lembaga pendidikan pesantren saja, tetapi perannya begitu luas seperti menjadi tokoh rujukan masyarakat, memberikan solusi ketika ada permasalahan menyangkut agama, memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat, dan sebagainya. Begitu juga dengan pendidikan yang ada di pesantren, diperlukan keaktifan yang luar biasa dalam mengelola komunikasi dengan baik kepada masyarakat muslim maupun non muslim. Agar proses pendidikan yang ada di dalam pesantren terus berlangsun
BELAJAR TOLERANSI DARI PESANTREN DI MAYORITAS NON MUSLIM
No full textPesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan asli (indigenous) milik
bangsa Indonesia. Perjalanan dan kiprah pesantren sudah
sangat mengakar di akar rumput masyarakat. Pesantren adalah
lembaga yang mengkader dan membina para santrinya untuk
menjadi generasi yang memiliki tata krama dan kesopanan yang
baik serta memiliki kemampuan ilmu agama yang baik sebagai
bentuk jawaban dalam menghadapi tantangan dan persoalanpersoalan
yang terjadi di masyarakat. Toleransi yang
dikembangkan oleh pesantren tidak hanya sebatas isapan
jempol saja, namun jauh lebih dalam, pesantren telah
mempraktekannya ratusan tahun yang lalu. Pesantren tidak
hanya menjalankan fungsinya sebagai lembaga untuk mendidik
dan membentuk karakter santri-santrinya, tetapi juga sebagai
benteng akidah masyarakat sekitarnya. Tradisi-tradisi di
masyarakat yang berkembang tidak begitu saja dihilangkan
tetapi bagaimana pesantren bisa merecovery tradisi-tradisi
tersebut sehingga menjadi tradisi yang tetap dilestarikan sebagai
khazanah budaya masyarakat, disamping itu juga tidak
bertentangan dengan syariat dan akidah Islam.
Ada satu pesantren yang bisa menjadi referensi dalam
pergulatannya dengan pengembangan toleransi. Pesantren
Baitul Hikmah yang berdiri di tanah Sumba, tepatnya di Kota
Waikabubak, Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Sebuah pesantren yang
mengajarkan arti toleransi kepada masyarakat. Karena
pesantren ini merupakan satu-satunya pesantren salaf yang
berdiri di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang mayoritas
penduduknya adalah non-muslim. Menurut data BPS tahun
2012 penduduk muslim hanya 9 % (persen) dari total penduduk
Kabupaten Sumba Barat.
Dari pesantren ini, kita belajar bahwa Islam hadir bukan untuk
menghancurkan atau memporakporandakan daerah sekitarnya.
Islam hadir sebagai wajah yang penuh dengan kasih sayang
terhadap sesama manusia. Islam yang diajarkan oleh pesantren
adalah Islam yang bisa menjadi rahmat untuk seluruh alam, yang
mampu berinteraksi dengan baik secara terbuka dan dengan hati
yang lapang tanpa kebencian
Muslim discourses on integration and schooling
No full textSince 2001 Muslim communities in Britain have largely been governed through the educational policy framing of integration and segregation. This Manichean bio-construct sees mono-cultural ethnic schools as problematic spaces, whilst integrated schools as the liberal ideal. By drawing upon the subaltern studies approach, this study provides a space for Muslim pupils and parents to articulate their own discourses on integrated and segregated schools in Britain. In doing so, it allows Muslim communities a position of power, by giving them agency to construct their own narratives on the policy debate on integration and schooling.
This thesis attempts to make sense of Muslim discourses through a theoretic interpretation drawn from Muslim intellectual history. By using Ibn Khaldun’s (d. 1406) sociological theory of ‘asabiyya this study provides a broader theoretical context to the Muslim voice. The empirical and the theoretical perspectives contained in this study attempts to make significant contributions to the study of race, religion and Muslim studies in Britain.
Public policy discourses has often seen the concept of integration as a linear cultural process, with minority groups gradually adopting the social mores of the host society. Evidence presented in this study sees integration as an analytical process and not as a fixed cultural template. It shows how the concept of integration can often be used, by political actors, as a tool for anti-Muslim racism.
The discourses of Muslim parents and pupils have much in common with each other, especially when rejecting the idea of self-segregation, or highlighting the importance of ‘asabiyya based on religion, but they have little in common with the public policy framing of Muslim communities.
Sociological studies have often demonstrated the disjuncture between public policy and lived experience. This study confirms this observation by elucidating the disconnect between political discourse of integration and lived cultural experience of Muslim communities. The discourses of Muslim communities in this study suggest a complex, paradoxical, intersectional reading of integration, which is fundamentally rooted within social constructionism. Most importantly it dismisses the integration and segregation binary, as seen within the educational framing of Muslims, whilst recognising the importance of Muslim group solidarity, or ‘asabiyya in Muslim discourse
MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR AS A CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM INTELLECTUAL: A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION
No full textThis article seeks to understand Muhammad Shahrur as a contemporary Muslim intellectual in the twentieth century. This finding suggests that Muhammad shahrur was a controversial scholar among Intellectual Muslim. Some allegations led him as the most popular intellectual in this century. A series of books written came to support as well as to counter his ideas on al-Qur’an. This paper review the initial exploration of Muhammad Sharur's work on interpreting al-Qur'an. Besides demonstrating the biography of Muhammad Shahrur, especially, his academic background, the author also reviews at least three important books written by Muhammad Shahrur which become the main issue of this article. Those three books generate a revolutionary idea, especially how to interpret al-Qur'an from a different perspective. Through science methodology as well as language proficiency, Muhammad Shahrur presents the new face of interpreting al-Qur'an. He attempted to read al-Qur'an with the current way of thinking without looking back at the legacies (turats) of Muslim intellectuals
HISTORIOGRAFI MANAJEMEN HAJI DI INDONESIA: DINAMIKA DARI MASA KOLONIAL HINGGA KEMERDEKAAN
No full textIbadah haji menjadi ritual setiap tahun yang harus dijalani oleh setiap muslim di mana pun berada. Begitu juga dengan masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Perkembangan penyelenggaraan haji dari masa ke masa menjadi menarik untuk didiskusikan. Karena ibadah haji pasti akan berulang. Dengan memahami perkembangan sejarah haji Indonesia, bisa menjadi harapan dan juga pembelajaran bagi para pengampu kebijakan, juga bagi masyarakat yang menginginkan perbaikan penyelanggaraan haji ke depan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan ibadah haji dari masa kolonial hingga era reformasi, dan juga peran pemerintah dalam perbaikan haji setiap tahunnya, demi mencapai suatu layanan yang diidam-idamkan oleh masyarakat sesuai dengan harapan dengan memperhatikan asas pembinaan, pelayanan, dan perlindungan kepada jamaah haji. Keyword: Sejarah, Perkembangan, Haji, Kolonial, Kemerdekaan
PENGELOLAAN PELAYANAN JEMAAH HAJI LANJUT USIA DI KELOMPOK BIMBINGAN IBADAH HAJI DAN UMRAH MUSLIMAT NU KULON PROGO
No full textPelaksanaan ibadah haji merupakan ibadah yang sangat diminati oleh seluruh umat Islam di dunia. Sehingga berdampak pada lamanya waktu keberangkatan menuju Tanah Suci. Masa tunggu haji pun semakin panjang. Sisi yang lain, dalam pelaksanaan ibadah haji tidak hanya melibatkan jemaah haji muda, tetapi juga jemaah haji lansia yang telah mencapai usia lanjut. Artikel ini berupaya untuk membahas tentang pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Bimbingan Ibadah Haji dan Umrah Muslimat NU terhadap jemaah haji lanjut usia. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perencanaan pelayanan jemaah haji lanjut usia yang dilakukan oleh KBIHU Muslimat NU Kulonprogo sudah baik. Dalam perencanaan, KBIHU Muslimat NU menetapkan tujuan dan hal-hal yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pelaksanaan bimbingan yaitu, menetapkan prosedur bimbingan, pembuatan jadwal, peninjauan biaya, dan peninjauan sarana dan prasarana yang akan digunakan. Penerapan pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh KBIHU Muslimat NU pada jemaah haji lansia juga menunjukkan kinerja yang baik. Dilihat dari pembimbing yang bertanggungjawab kepada jemaah, memiliki pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang baik, bersertifikasi, berusaha untuk memahami kebutuhan jemaah, serta mampu memberikan kepercayaan kepada jemaah haji
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Liberal theory and Islam: (re)imagining the interaction of religion, law, state and society in Muslim contexts
No full textWithin the global phenomenon of the (re)emergence of religion into issues of public debate, one of the most salient issues confronting contemporary Muslim societies is how to relate the legal and political heritage that developed in pre-modern Islamic polities to the political order of the modern states in which Muslims now live.
This study seeks to develop a framework for addressing this issue by drawing upon two sources. The first is an interpretative understanding of the history of Muslim contexts emphasising, in particular, the diversity of views about what Islam mandates that have always been a part of Muslim experience and the distinction between political and religio-legal authority that developed in practice in these environments. The second source is a variety of contemporary liberal theory which this study develops and calls ‘justice as discourse’.
The central argument is that liberal theory, and justice as discourse in particular, though it may have emerged in a different social and cultural milieu, can be normatively useful in Muslim contexts for relating, religion, law, state and society. It is argued first, that Muslim contexts are facing issues similar to those out of which liberal theory emerged. Additionally, it is argued that both Muslim contexts and liberal theory are dynamic and continually developing and that this shared dynamism means that there may be space for convergence of the two. Just as Muslim contexts have developed historically (and continue to develop today) the same is the case with the requisites of liberal theory and this may allow for liberal choices to be made in a manner that is not a renunciation of Muslim heritage
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