63 research outputs found
Uji Daya Antifungi Ekstrak Metanol Rhizoma dan Ental Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl) Kuntze terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro
No full textABSTRAK Ariani, Istamaya. 2016. Uji Daya Antifungi Ekstrak Metanol Rhizoma dan Ental Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl) Kuntze terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dra. Eko Sri Sulasmi, M.S, (II) Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas, S.Si, M.Si. Kata Kunci: daya antifungi, rhizoma Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl) Kuntze, ental Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl) Kuntze, Candida albicans Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl) Kuntze merupakan tumbuhan paku yang tumbuh melimpah di Indonesia. D. hirtipes berpotensi sebagai antifungi karena mengandung tannin, terpenoid, alkaloid, polifenol dan saponin. Potensi D. hirtipes sebagai antifungi Candida albicans perlu diuji secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) menguji pengaruh jenis ekstrak dari bagian D. hirtipes yang berbeda terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro, (2) menguji pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak metanol D. hirtipes terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro, (3) menguji pengaruh interaksi jenis ekstrak dari bagian tumbuhan yang berbeda dan konsentrasi ekstrak metanol D. hirtipes terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro, dan (4) menentukan kombinasi jenis ekstrak metanol D. hirtipes dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro. Ekstrak rhizoma dan ental dari D. hirtipes diperoleh melalui metode maserasi kemudian diencerkan dalam 10 tingkat konsentrasi yaitu 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, dan 90% menggunakan solution petit. Uji daya antifungi dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram pada media Saboraud Dextrose Agar. Analisis dilakukan dengan ANAVA ganda dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT dengan taraf kepercayaan 1%. Simpulan penelitian adalah (1) tidak ada pengaruh jenis ekstrak dari bagian tumbuhan yang berbeda terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro, (2) ada pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak methanol D. hirtipes terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro, (3) ada pengaruh interaksi jenis ekstrak dari bagian tumbuhan yang berbeda dan konsentrasi ekstrak metanol D. hirtipes terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro, dan (4) ekstrak metanol ental D. hirtipes dengan konsentrasi 60% merupakan kombinasi jenis ekstrak dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Client Server di SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga
Get PDFABSTRAK
Ariani Syachrir. Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Client Server di SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga ( Dibimbing oleh Mulyadi dan Abdul Muis M).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis client server yang dapat membantu pengguna perpustakaan di SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X, guru dan pustakawan sekolah. Adapun data buku yang akan dijadikan subjek dalam pengembangan sistem adalah buku kelas X.
Metode pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Waterfall yang merupakan salah satu konsep dalam System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) atau dikenal dengan Sistem Daur Hidup. Waterfall terdiri atas lima tahap yaitu analisis kebutuhan perangkat lunak, desain, pembuatan kode program (coding), pengujian dan pemeliharaan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Jenis data pada penelitian ini terdiri atas data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer berbentuk kualitatif yang menunjukkan tentang kualitas sistem. Sedangkan data sekunder dapat dikumpulkan dari identitas subjek (siswa, guru dan pustakawan) dan data buku (judul buku, letak buku, nama pengarang, penerbit, tahun dan kode buku).
Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis client server yang akan digunakan di SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga. Uji coba produk dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu uji ahli, uji terbatas dan uji lapangan. Sistem informasi perpustakaan yang dikembangkan telah divalidasi oleh ahli serta telah diuji coba pada pengguna dan pustakawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi perpustakaan telah layak digunakan di SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga baik dari aspek penggunaan dan aspek penilaian. Hal ini didukung dari penilaian validator terhadap enam aspek menghasilkan kategori yang sangat baik. Persepsi terhadap penggunaan dan penilaian produk oleh admin dan user juga menunjukkan kategori sangat baik.
Kata Kunci : pengembangan, sistem informasi, perpustakaan.
ABSTRACT
ARIANI SYACHRIR. 2013. Development of Client Server Based of Library Information System in SMK Negeri 1 Pallangga (supervised by Mulyadi and Abdul Muis M.).
The study aimed at developing client server based of Library Information system which could assist the users of library in SMKN 1 Pallangga. The subjects of the study were grade X students, teachers, and librarians of the school. Books data which would be the subjects in the development system was grade X books.
The method used on the development was Waterfall method, one of a concept in System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Waterfall consisted of five stages, namely needs analysis of software, design, coding, testing and maintaining. Data ware collected using observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The types of data used ware primary and secondary data. The primary data was in a from of qualitative which reveal the quality of the system; whereas, secondary data were collected from subjects’ identity (students, teachers, and librarians) and books data (title, location, author, publisher, year and book code).
The study produced client server based of library information system used in SMKN 1 Pallangga. The tryouts of the product were conducted in three stages, namely expert test, limited tryout, and field test. The library information system developed was validated by the experts and was tested to the users and librarians. The results of the study indicated that library information system is feasible to be used in SMKN 1 Pallangga both on the experts on six aspects resulted on extremely good category. The perception on the use and evaluation of the product by the administrator and user was in extremely good category.
Keywords: development, information system, library
PERSEUS ‘PERCY’ JACKSON: THE RE-INVENTION OF MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN RICK RIORDAN’S PERCY JACKSON AND THE LIGHTNING THIEF
Get PDFABSTRACT
Yunita Ariani Putri. C0309072. 2013. Perseus ‘Percy’ Jackson: The Reinvention
of Mythological Characters in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and
the Lightning Thief. Undergraduate Thesis. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts.
Sebelas Maret University.
The objectives of this research are to explain how the Greek mythological
characters are reflected and re-invented in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the
Lightning Thief and to understand Riordan’s ideology conveyed throughout the
novel.
This research belongs to cultural studies with the application of
archetypal/mythological approach. The main data of this research are collected
from the characters, characterizations, and plot of the novel while supporting data
come from any articles and interviews related to the novel and its author. These
interviews are several interviews done by some interviewers and are all retrieved
from the internet. The first problem statement about the archetypal characters is
based on Joseph Campbell’s model. The findings of the first analysis are then
continued afterward to answer the second problem statement about Riordan’s
ideology conveyed through the novel by also connecting it with the situations in
the United States where he lives.
Based on the archetypal analysis toward the characters, Joseph Campbell’s model
for archetypal characters is proven not to be one-to-one classification. Although
Riordan may have his own interpretations toward Greek mythological characters
appeared in his novel, their characteristics are still stuck closely to the original
versions of those existed in Greek myths. The second analysis sees that Riordan’s
ideology has been influenced by the society where he lives and vice versa. His
ideology within the work influences the society in the point that children’s
interests in mythology and in reading books increased after the work was
published. The ideology studied in this research focuses on Riordan’s beliefs and
his ways of seeing the world. The statuses he bears both as a father and as an exteacher
also take part in shaping his ideology. His status as a father of an
ADHD+D son influences his beliefs that all kids can be special and it is
represented by the demigods within the novel. Riordan, as an ex-teacher, concerns
a lot about kids as reluctant readers and also the need of mentor characters. It can
be seen in his revival of Chiron the Centaur as a mentor character in the novel.
Key words: Greek mythology, archetypal characters, author’s ideology
Kajian Yuridis Eksistensi dan Materi Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia dalam Hirarki Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia
Get PDFThis study examines, first, what is the position of the People’s Consultative Assembly Decree in the hierarchy of laws in Indonesia? Second, which agency is authorized to examine the decree of People’s Consultative? This research is a normative law with statute approach. The results of this study concludes that, first, even though the People’s Consultative Assembly no longer authorized to issue decree laws of the People’s Consultative Assembly, but there are still three provisions of the Assembly are declared valid. So that the provisions of the People’s Consultative Assembly still has a position in the hierarchy of legislation. Second, the body which has the right to test the decree of People’s Consultative Assembly is still not yet exist, although in practice the application is submitted to the Constitutional Court and was turned down by the Constitutional Court on the grounds that the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test the People’s Consultative Assembly
Description of The Presentation, Function, and Meaning of Gondang Hasahatan Sitiotio in The Traditional Marriage Ceremony of The Toba Batak Community in Kisaran City, Asahan Regency
No full textThe traditional marriage ceremony is a culture that is still carried out by the Toba
Batak community in Kisaran city, Asahan district. Even though the Toba Batak people are a
minority, this does not constitute an obstacle for them in carrying out their customs and
culture. Gondang hasahatan sitio-tio is the name of the Batak gondang repertoire which must
be played as a closing ceremony in traditional wedding ceremonies and gondang is also
believed to convey hopes and prayers to the Almighty. The aim of this research is to describe
how the gondang hasahatan sitio-tio repertoire is presented, what the function and meaning of
the repertoire is, and describe the musical structure of the repertoire. The method the author
uses is a qualitative descriptive method which includes literature study, field work, interviews
and laboratory work. The theory that the author uses in describing function is Use And
Function proposed by Alan P. Meriam, to describe meaning the author uses a connotative and
denotative approach, namely through the umpasa used by the king of parhata before asking
the gondang hasahatan sitio-tio to be played. To describe the musical structure of this
repertoire the author uses the weighted scale theory approach proposed by William P. Malm,
and to describe traditional ceremonies the author uses the ceremonial description theory
approach proposed by Koentjaraningrat. The results obtained from this research are that the
traditional marriage ceremony of the Batak Toba community is carried out through three
processes, namely the stage before the ceremony, the stage of carrying out the ceremony, and
the stage after carrying out the ceremony. The presentation of gondang hasahatan sitio-tio is
served to end every activity in the ceremony which uses music and is requested by mar
umpasa. There are several functions of gondang hasahatan sitio-tio in the traditional marriage
ceremony of the Toba Batak community in the city of Kisaran, namely the communication
function, the function of physical reactions , cultural continuity function, and symbolic
function. The meaning of gondang hasahatan sitio-tio, why it must always be played and
cannot even be omitted, is because gondang hasahatan sitio-tio is an intermediary for prayers
and all the hopes conveyed by all parties participating in the ceremony to the Almighty and
hopefully they can be granted through gondang hasahatan sitio-tio. Gondang hasahatan sitiotio
is played on the basic note Es with a vivace tempo.116 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
A focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Mediterranean area
No full textSearch ScienceDirect
Advanced
Outline
1. Introduction
References
Further reading
Elsevier
Quaternary International
Volume 551, 20 June 2020, Pages 1-6
Quaternary International
A focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Mediterranean area
Author links open overlay panelStefanoBenazzi
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani, 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, 604103, Leipzig, Germany
Author links open overlay panelSimonaArrighi
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, U. R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università di Siena. Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelFedericaBadino
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
C.N.R. - Istituto per La Dinamica Dei Processi Ambientali, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20126, Milano, Italy
Author links open overlay panelEugenioBortolini
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Author links open overlay panelCarlaFigus
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Author links open overlay panelFedericoLugli
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelGiuliaMarciani
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, U. R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università di Siena. Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelGregorioOxilia
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Author links open overlay panelMatteoRomandini
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
Author links open overlay panelSaraSilvestrini
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
Author links open overlay panelPaoloBoscato
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, U. R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelAnnaCipriani
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelAdrianaMoroni
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, U. R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università di Siena. Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelFabioNegrino
Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia e Storia, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Via Balbi 2, 16126, Genova, Italy
Author links open overlay panelMarcoPeresani
Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università di Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
Author links open overlay panelRobertaPini
C.N.R. - Istituto per La Dinamica Dei Processi Ambientali, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20126, Milano, Italy
Author links open overlay panelCesareRavazzi
C.N.R. - Istituto per La Dinamica Dei Processi Ambientali, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20126, Milano, Italy
Author links open overlay panelAnnamariaRonchitelli
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, U. R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy
Author links open overlay panelEnzaSpinapolice
Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’Antichità, Università Degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
Available online 30 June 2020.
crossmark-logo
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.029Get rights and content
Previous article in issueNext article in issue
1. Introduction
Modern humans (MHs) are the only extant members of the genus Homo (i.e., Homo sapiens). Fossil evidence supports an African origin of H. sapiens sometime between 350,000 and 280,000 years ago (kya) (Hublin et al., 2017; Scerri et al., 2018). Nevertheless, the exact timing and geographic routes of migration out of Africa into Eurasia are still a matter of contention (e.g., Beyin, 2011; Petraglia et al., 2012; Groucutt et al., 2015; López et al., 2015; Langgut et al., 2018; Bons et al., 2019; Mihailović, 2020). Findings from Misliya in Israel document the earliest dispersal of H. sapiens into the Levant through the “Nile corridor” (the so called “Northern route”) by approximately 194–177 kya, during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (Hershkovitz et al., 2018), supporting genetic (Posth et al., 2017) and potentially fossil (Harvati et al., 2019) evidence both of which suggest that migration out of Africa probably predates 200 kya. The site of Jebel Faya (United Arab Emirates) suggests that MHs also crossed the Bab al Mandab Straits (from East Africa to Arabia) about 125 kya, through the so called “Southern route” (Armitage et al., 2011). The archaeological sites of Qafzeh and Skhul in Israel confirm that MHs were still present in the Levant at the same time (between 130 and 100 kya; Mercier et al., 1995), and human remains from Fuyan Cave in Daoxian (southern China), dated between 120 and 80 kya, point at an eastward dispersal of these MH groups (Liu et al., 2015). While fossil evidence suggests that MHs have been resilient in southeast Asia until today, as advocated by the 73–63 kya old human teeth from Lida Ajer, Sumatra (Westaway et al., 2017), and by a human cranium and mandible dated 63–46 kya from TamPa Ling, Laos (Demeter et al., 2015), at present there are no MH remains in the rest of Eurasia dating between 90 and 60 kya.
The partial skull from Manot Cave in Western Galilee, Israel, attests that after 55 kya (Hershkovitz et al., 2015) MHs colonized Eurasia through a new dispersal either from Africa or from southern Eurasian refugia. A modern human femur from Ust’-Ishim, western Siberia (Fu et al., 2014), was dated ca. 45 kya. Human remains from Uçağizli Cave, Turkey (Güleç et al., 2007) and Ksar Akil, Lebanon (Douka et al., 2013), generally attributed to MHs, date between 45 and 40 kya, and a MH femur from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China, was dated 40 kya (Fu et al., 2013).
In Europe, the spread of MHs took place during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic Transition, when dramatic changes in human behaviour are mirrored by a well documented change in the archaeological record, marked by the appearance of a number of local technocomplexes (e.g., the Châtelperronian in central and southwestern France and northern Spain, the Uluzzian in Italy and Greece, the Neronian in south-eastern France, the Szeletian in Czech Republic and Slovakia, the Bohunician in Central Europe, the Jerzmanivician-Lincombian-Ranisian in the north of Europe) that replaced the pre-existing Mousterian material cultures (Hublin, 2015). Some scholars (e.g., Mellars, 2005) suggested that the appearance of marked expressions of modern human behaviour in Europe fall in the timeframe of the appearance and dispersal of MHs. Modern human behaviour is characterized by the exploitation of a wider range of (marine and terrestrial) faunal and vegetal resources, as well as typical stone tool production, including mechanically delivered projectile technology (Sano et al., 2019), wider catchment basins for lithic raw material procurement, the appearance of cave art, mobile art, and music (all of which are currently not attested, or rarely observed, for Neandertals; Churchill, 2014), as well as a systematic use of ornaments (e.g., shell beads), pigments (such as ochre) and bone tools. The variability of lithic raw material (specifically) and subsistence strategies (in general) may account for different mobility patterns between MHs and Neandertals (Wißing et al., 2019). Nevertheless, other scholars postulate that at least part of such cultural innovations were either independently achieved by Neandertals, and that MHs entered Europe after Neandertals had disappeared (d'Errico et al., 1998; Zilhão, 2007), or were produced by late Neandertals as a result of some level of cultural transmission from MHs to Neandertals (Hublin et al., 2012). Neandertals may indeed be characterized by a more complex sociocultural behaviour than previously believed. For example, recent studies suggest that Neandertals had a more varied diet than previously considered (e.g., Hardy and Moncel, 2011; Fiorenza et al., 2015; Weyrich et al., 2017), including a wide range of plant foods (e.g., Henry et al., 2014; Power et al., 2018) and possibly cooked food (Henry et al., 2011). There is evidence pointing to the use of personal ornaments (e.g., Peresani et al., 2011; Romandini et al., 2014), cave paintings (Hoffmann et al., 2018; but see debate in Slimak et al., 2018; White et al., 2019; Hoffmann et al., 2019), and complex technology (Niekus et al., 2019)
EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP GUIDANCE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SOCIAL INTERACTION OF TUNADAKSA GRADE XI SLB NEGERI KOTA BENGKULU ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
Get PDFDisabled students often feel that they are not accepted in their social environment, for they usually find it hard to adapt or adjust in it. This study is purposed to: (1) to know the description of the social interaction of students with physical disability in SLB Negeri Bengkulu. (2) the differences in the social interaction of disabled students before and after being given the group guidance.This research’s population are 10 students of XI.D class. The research includes the design of experimental research with the time series experiment using random sampling technique method, in which the questionnaire using Likert Scale models is used as the instrument, then analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with SPSS version 16. The author concludes that group counseling is effective to improve the social interaction among the disabled students
Descriptive Study on Consumer Behavior of Non-Stick Pan Users in Surabaya
No full textThe purpose of this study was to describe consumer behavior of non-stick pan
users in Surabaya. This research also considers the big variety of non-stick pan
products in the market currently over the conventional pan.
This study use descriptive statistics with quantitative approach and for the
method the author use convenience sampling. In this research, the author uses the six
elements of consumer behavior that includes: Who, What, Why, When, Where, and
How. In this research, the number of samples is one hundred forty respondents who
used non-stick pan products to answer the research problems of data processing
methods used such as frequency tables, percentage bar chart, and cross tabulation.
The study found that consumers of non-stick pan are majority female, with age
range 20-30 years old, work as employee. They demand for high quality product and
most of the consumer satisfied with the product they owned. Most of the consumer
purchase the product because of the non-stick feature and they occasionally use it. The
consumer buy the product in house ware / cooking ware store and supermarket.
Furthermore, majority know the product from their families
ANALISIS RASIO AKTIVITAS DAN RASIO PROFITABILITAS PADA PT PUPUK SRIWIDJAJA PALEMBANG
Get PDFAs for the purpose of this final report is to investigate and analyze the activity and profitability ratios on PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang. Benefit from writing the final reportis to contribute ideas and as an input for the company, especially regarding financial ratios as well as increase their knowledge and experience for the writer of the company’s financial condition and as a means of implementation and development of an accepted science. In terms of data collection, the author uses observation and interview method. Based on data obtained by the annual financial statements 2010, 2011, and 2012 and after doing the analysis can be seen that the level of activity and profitability ratios below the standard. Main problems that exist in the company that is not exactly financing management in the company. Based on these problems, the author suggested that the company improve its financial management especially increase sales and reduce cost of goods sold as well as streamline the company’s operating costs so that the company can produce optimal profit.
Keywords: Activity Ratio dan Profitability Rati
- …
