293 research outputs found
Analisis Stratifikasi Sosial Sebagai Sumber Konflik Antar Etnik Di Kalimantan Barat
No full textMohammad Ali Al Humaidy (Penulis adalah dosen tetap pada Jurusan Syari'ah STAIN Pamekasan dan Alumni program Magister Ilmu Sosiologi di Universtias Indonesia Jakarta) Abstrak: Secara sederhana, tulisan ini akan menganalisa penyebab atau sumber terjadinya konflik antar etnik di Kalimantan Barat, yang terfokus kepada tingkatan stratifikasi sosial. Penulis berasumsi bahwa perbedaan stratifikasi sosial yang kemudian terbentuk sistem pranata sosial (The System of Class Stratifications) mempunyai dampak sosial (konflik antar etnis). Pranata sosial dalam aspek ideologi, agama, ekonomi, politik, bahasa, pendidikan, budaya dan norma-norma sosial lainnya, secara teoritik akan menimbulkan gesekan sosial dan pandangan stereotype etnik yang rentan muncul benih-benih konflik bila dalam realitas sosial menampakkan sifat egois dan fanatisme yang nilai-nilai etnisitas. Benih-benih konflik bersifat laten, apalagi bila ditopang dengan harapan untuk menguasai dan mempertahankan power-privilage-prestige. Disinilah timbul pergolakan sosial antara masyarakat “pribumi” dengan pendatang ataupun sesama etnis. Demikian pula munculnya pertentangan antara kelompok yang ingin menguasai dan mempertahankan power-privilage-prestige dengan kelompok yang ingin merebutnya.Bagi penulis ini sebuah ironi yang perlu kita kaji dan mencari alternatif pemecahan. Ini penting karena menyangkut hak USAha dan hidup manusia yang bagian dari hak asasi manusia, sehingga dengan kejadian konflik etnik di bumi nusantara ini, muncul resolusi konflik sebagai USAha untuk membangun masyarakat pluralis tanpa kekerasan. Alhasil, sebagai masyarakat akademisi mempunyai amanat untuk memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran agar konflik yang bermuansa SARA dapat dikurangi atau bahkan mungkin ditiadakan. Sebuah tantangan untuk mengkaji teori sosiologi khususnya teori (korelasi) stratifikasi sosial dengan konflik sosial
Influence of literature developed by Hafez Shirazi on poems of Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din
No full textHafez Shirazi has influenced on most Arab-speaking scholars. Mohammad Ali Shamsaldin, Leonean poet had maximally influenced by Hafez. When we read book “Fi Shirazat” complied by Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din, we will found this important issue that he and Hafez smashed together. His odes in this book has indeed occurred by using his natural creative force. When reader looks at the volume of book “Fi Shirazat”, he can see the name of Hafez Shirazi in the right side of the book and name of Mohammad Ali Shas-Al-Din in the left side and expression “Shirazat” at the middle of both; consequently, he would find the clear technical and spiritual cooperation between both poems. This paper aims to prove the influence of Hafez on Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din according to French School; for this purpose, the author has sought for required references and books in national and international libraries; by analytical methodology, the poems of Mohamamd Ali Shams-Al-Din were analyzed and compared to Persian Poems of Hafez to prove that he has influenced by Hafez”™s Poets. Results of this study indicate that the influence of Hafez on Shams-Al-Din could be completely determined in his poems and only in his book called “Fi Shirazat”
The exegesis of Tabatabaei and the Hermeneutics of Hirsch: a comparative study
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study between Hermeneutics on the one hand and exegesis of the Holy Qur'an on the other. Its objective is to discover whether there are salient points of convergence between the two disciples, and whether issues germane to the Hermeneutical tradition in the West have been referred to and/or employed in Muslim works of Qur'an commentary. To this end, the works of one of the most prominent Shi'ite philosophers and exegetes. Allama Mohammad Hossein Tabataei, have been analysed and compared with the perspective and methodology of E D. Hirsch, one of the most important hermeneuticians in the Western World. Hirsch has been chosen since, in the opinion of the author, there is a considerable number of commonalities between the Hirschian approach to hermeneutics and the exegetical methodology of Tabatabaei and other Shi'ite Muslim interpreters of the Qur'an.. Hirsch, as an objectivist, along with a number of other Hermeneutical scholars, are critical of those who subscribe to philosophical Hermeneutics, such as Heideger and Gadimer. The same approach is taken in Tabatabaei's works, thus providing a strong rationale for an academic comparison of these two scholars. For this reason, this thesis attempts to study the theories of Tabatabaei and Hirsch in order to highlight the similarities and differences in their works. The central hypothesis is that while small differences in approach exist, there is much common ground, and that it is possible to use certain facets of Hirschian hermeneutics in the interpretation of the Qur'an, thus modernising some of the existing exegetical approaches employed by Shi'ite scholars.Since the aim of this thesis is to compare the interpretive works of Tabatabaei with those of Hirsch's, an introductory chapter has been dedicated to the study of the evolution of Shi'ite exegesis from the beginning to date. Tabatabaei's Al-Mizan has been chosen as the foremost work of Shi'ite exegesis in the modem period. Furthermore, a complete chapter has also been dedicated to Tabatabai's exegetical modus operandi as reflected in Al-Mizan, in order to arrive at a better understanding of his perspectives. This research arrives at the conclusion that philosophical Hermeneutics and Epistemology have opened new horizons on which we will always be dependent. Whatever interpretive theories with regards to the understanding of the text are accepted, or whatever the tendency as far as literary criticism is concerned, or whatever ideas are accepted in the arena of philosophy of human and social sciences, the discussion of the nature of understanding in general cannot be avoided. This does not mean that Hermeneutics is limited to these new theories. Rather, the opportunity always exists to introduce new interpretive theories in connection with the understanding of the text. It is indeed possible to study these discussions in detail in a separate sphere independent of the other branches of Islamic sciences and arrive at a number of stable principles in the interpretation of the text in Islamic research
The Life of Hedonism from the Perspective of Al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida (Comparative Study of Tafsir Surah Ali Imran: 14)
No full textThe Qur'an not only tells us about prohibitions and commands, but also talks about the problems of the lives of previous people. Among them are illustrated by the human lifestyle that prioritizes pleasure and physical luxury. Based on the hedonistic lifestyle, it certainly has 'ibrah that can be learned if an in-depth study of the life of hedonism is carried out. The author wants to examine the life of hedonism from the perspective of al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida. This paper uses a qualitative approach that is classified into library research with library materials, especially Jami' al-Bayan fi Ta'wil Ayi al-Qur'an and Tafsir al-Manar and uses comparative data analysis. The conclusion in this paper is that the life of hedonism according to al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida is an excessive human lifestyle and indulges in lust in reaching the pleasures of the world. The similarities and differences according to these two mufassirs are almost the same in interpreting the life of hedonism in surah Ali Imran verse 14 that Allah SWT makes beautiful in human views of the pleasures of the world, namely women, children, large assets of gold and silver, selected horses, livestock and rice fields. Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida besides agreeing with Imam al-Tabari, he added that human love for the beauty and pleasure of the world is not only specific to the Jews, but is general
Espiritualidade política no governo de Khomeini: o sistema político do Irã após a revolução de 1979
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2014.O propósito desta dissertação é a compreensão da dinâmica do sistema político do Irã nos dias de hoje, pensado e construído no decorrer das décadas de 1970 e 1980. A partir de uma série de confrontos com a monarquia que ocasionaram diversos momentos de tensão no país e enfraqueceram o papel do Xá, o sistema político iraniano e todo o modelo de organização social passa a ser questionado e repensado. Muitas foram as personalidades de destaque nesse processo, entre elas Khomeini, que, com seu discurso carismático, conseguiu reunir em torno de si diferentes grupos e classes sociais do Irã, fortalecendo seu projeto de Governo Islâmico ao resgatar a essência do Islã. Por essa razão, Khomeini e suas principais obras serviram de fonte de pesquisa para a construção deste estudo. Muitos também foram os intelectuais, pesquisadores e cientistas que acompanharam os acontecimentos iranianos à época, entre eles Michel Foucault, que viajou ao país e escreveu sobre o testemunho da ideia de espiritualidade política no Irã. Foucault é um dos autores utilizados neste trabalho, com o intuito, principalmente, de sugerir um novo caminho de interpretação do acontecimento iraniano. Foi importante, da mesma forma, o contato com obras de autores islâmicos, como Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyd Abdul A'la Al-Maudidi, dentre outros. Esses autores foram fundamentais para manter esse trabalho dentro do seu principal propósito, quer seja, apresentar uma versão em nada etnocêntrica do movimento revolucionário iraniano e dos seus desdobramentos. Após a Revolução Iraniana de 1979, serão esses fatores - o papel de Khomeini, o resgate do Islã em sua essência tradicional e política e o conceito de espiritualidade política - que nos farão compreender o surgimento da República Islâmica e do novo sistema político iraniano. Perceber as especificidades da sociedade muçulmana que se desdobram num novo modo de ser, de vivenciar, é fundamental para compreender as dinâmicas e tensões de muitos países muçulmanos e suas relações com o Ocidente.Abstract : The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics of today's Iranian political system, designed and built during the 1970s and 1980s. From a series of confrontations with the monarchy, which caused several moments of tension in the country and weakened the role of the Shah, the Iranian political system and the entire model of social organization began to be questioned and rethought. Many were the prominent personalities in this process, including Khomeini, who, with his charismatic speech, managed to gather around him different groups and social classes in Iran, strengthening his project of Islamic government by rescuing the essence of Islam. Therefore, Khomeini and his major works were used as source of research for the construction of this study. In addition, many were the intellectuals, researchers and scientists who followed the events in Iran at the time, among them Michel Foucault, who traveled the country and wrote, in excited manner, about the testimony of the idea of political spirituality in Iran. Foucault is one of the authors used in this work, aiming mainly to suggest a new way of interpreting the Iranian event. Equally important was the contact with Islamic authors such as Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyid Abdul A'la Al - Maudidi , among others. These authors were critical to keep this work within its main purpose: to present a non-ethnocentric version of Iranian revolutionary movement and its outcomes. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, these factors - the role of Khomeini, the rescue of traditional and political Islam and concept of political spirituality -were and are fundamental to make us understand the emergence of the Islamic Republic and the Iranian new political system. Understand the specifics of Muslim society that unfold in a new way of being, of experiencing, is essential for understanding the dynamics and tensions of many Muslim countries and their relations with the West
SYNTHESIS OF C-GLYCOSYL AMINO ACIDS AS STABLE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR MODIFIED GLYCOPEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
No full textIn this thesis, we have studied and synthesized new class of C-glycosly amino acids whose structure features a
hetrocycle ring holding the carbohydrate and the amino acid fragments. Pyridine and tetrazole rings were used as
hetrocycle linkers in this project. This class of C-glycosyl amino acids is of interest as new chealtors and as building
building blocks for cotranslational glycopeptides synthesis. In the first part, C-Glycosylmethyl pyridylalanines were
synthesized via thermally induced Hantzsch-type cyclocondensation using an aldehyde-ketoester-enamino ester system.
To one of these reagents was attached a C-glycosyl residue, while to another was bound an amino acid fragment. In a
one-pot optimized methodology, the dihydropyridine was not isolated while its purification was carried out by removal
of unreacted material and side products using polymer-supported scavengers. Then the dihydropyridine (mixture of
diastereoisomers) was oxidized by a polymer-bound oxidant to give the target pyridine bearing the two bioactive
residues. In this way, a range of eight compounds (58-68% yield) was prepared in which the elements of diversity were
(i) the gluco and galacto configurations of the pyranose ring, (ii) the α- and β-configurations at the anomeric center, and
(iii) the positions of the carbohydrate and amino acid sectors in the pyridine ring. The orthogonal functional group
protection in these amino acids allowed their easy incorporation into oligopeptides via sequential amino and carboxylic
group coupling.
In the second part, tetrazole moiety was constructed via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitriles and organic
azides. Two sets of compounds have been prepared, one being constituted of C-galactosyl and C-ribosyl O-tetrazolyl
serines, while the other contains S-tetrazolyl cysteine derivatives. In both cases, the synthetic scheme involved a twostep
route: the first one being the thermal cycloaddition of a sugar azide with p-toluensulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) to give a
1-substituted 5-sulfonyl tetrazole and the second the replacement of the tosyl group with a serine or cysteine residue.
For the high efficiency and operational simplicity, the azide-TsCN cycloaddition appears to be a true click process.
Finally, one of the amino acids prepared was incorporated into a tripeptid
Reflections on the islamic ethic through Irsad al Qulub of al-Daylami.
No full textNotre travail se concentre sur l'étude des deux volumes d'ˀIršād al-qulūb d'al-Daylamī, qui à notre connaissance n'ont fait l'objet d'aucune recherche académique. Le choix de cette œuvre n'est pas un hasard, dans la mesure où elle se classe parmi les ouvrages les plus anciens qui traitent de l'éthique imâmite, sans se baser principalement sur des sources soufies ou philosophiques. En effet, tout au long de son œuvre, l'auteur illustre ses pensées à travers des versets coraniques, des propos imamites, des anecdotes et des poésies. Afin de traiter de l'éthique islamique, al-Daylamī fait référence aux quatre vertus cardinales de la pensée grecque qui sont la sagesse, la tempérance, le courage et la justice. L'originalité de notre auteur est qu'il présente dans son œuvre la richesse morale du shiisme en se basant sur les trois fondements indispensables au perfectionnement éthique : la croyance en l'unicité divine, en la prophétie de Muḥammad et en la walāya envers les quatorze impeccables, à savoir le Prophète, sa fille Fāṭima et les douze imams, notamment le premier d'entre eux ˁAlī b. Abī Ṭālib.Our work focuses on the study of the two volumes of ˀIršād al-qulūb by al-Daylamī, which by the best of our knowledge has not been the subject of any academic research. Our choice for this work is not by coincidence, in fact, it ranks amongst the oldest works that discusses ethics in the Shi'ism without primarily relying on Sufi or philosophical sources. Throughout his work, the author illustrates his thoughts through Qur'anic verses, narrations, anecdotes, and poetry. In addressing Islamic ethics, al-Daylamī refers to the four cardinal virtues of Greek thought: prudence, temperance, courage, and justice. The unique approach of our author lies in how he presents the moral richness of Shi'ism, based on three essential foundations for ethical perfection: belief in divine unity, in the prophethood of Muḥammad, and in walāya towards the Fourteen Infallibles—namely, the Prophet, his daughter Fāṭima, and the Twelve Imams, particularly the first of them, ˁAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
Contemporary explanations for Sunan Nasaie: A study of sheikh Muhammad Ali Adam approach in his commentary Zakhirah al-’Uqba / Romzi Taleh
No full textThe purpose of this research is to study the methodology of Mohammad bin Ali Adam al-Ethiopi in his work, “Zahirah al-„Uqba fi Sharh al-Mujtaba”. This work consists of writings and lectures on Sunan al-Nasa‟i al-Sughra written by Imam al-Nasa‟i. The focus of this study is on the science of narration and analysis of texts applied in the work. This study also introduces Imam al-Nasa‟i‟s work, Sunan al-Nasa‟i, and its position among other books of hadith collections. The biography of Mohammad bin Ali Adam is also introduced based on authoritative sources of reference, besides interviews with his students and followers. This study uses an analytical approach in order to identify the methodology employed by Mohammad bin Ali Adam in his analysis of the hadiths in Sunan al-Nasa‟i, as well as criticisms directed towards him. In producing this study, the writer used the comparison method, by comparing the methods applied in Zahirah al-„Uqba and in al-Shanqiti‟s Shuruq Anwar al-Minan al-Kubra. Zahirah al-„Uqba is a contemporary study of Sunan al-Nasa‟i which is difficult to find nowadays. In order to produce this study, the author studied the hadiths with the utmost care. The uniqueness of this analysis is its thoroughness, introducing readers to the hadiths and the problems contained in Sunan al-Nasa‟i. The author was consistent with the method applied in the study. The author also referred to the study by al-Shanqiti that was written before Zahirah al‟Uqba. However, the author added a few points such as lataif al-isnad besides focusing on the differences between Sunan al-Nasa‟i and the original writing, al-Sunan al-Kubra. Results of the study show that the author focused on the academic issues contained in the writings without being influenced by the source of the various opinions. Harsh criticisms and insults towards other scholars are nowhere to be found in this work. Instead, the author shows respect to scholars who provided insight, as every student should do
Proactive stakeholder management: a descriptive and instrumental analysis
No full textIn the last few decades, an important theme in organizational theory has been the increased organizational vulnerability as they operate in an intrusive environment. No matter how theorists and scholars try to solve the issue of environmental interference, there is unanimity in the belief that organizations are now influenced by an increasing number of entities, and therefore, firms need to accommodate specific demands of these several groups. This extra burden on the resources of individual organizations, in an ever-changing environment, necessitates the need for these firms to have coalitions in order to survive, and the need to engage in multifaceted and intricate ‘transactions’ within their environment. The overall argument of the study is that business organizations need to have a proactive stakeholder orientation to create structures and mechanisms that will lead to consensus building and mutual benefits for organizations and their stakeholders. The study also explores four research questions: Who are proactive stakeholder organizations? What are the dynamics of stakeholder management? How are stakeholder organizations created and perpetuated? And what are the strategic benefits of stakeholder management? The study is a qualitative inductive study that utilizes the precepts and techniques of grounded theory development and case study methodologies. The data in the study is based on 52 in-depth interviews, observations and field notes accumulated through site visits, organizational documents like annual reports, employee manuals, and policy manuals etc., organizational websites, and newspaper and journal articles. The study finds that: proactive stakeholder management is a viable business strategy; stakeholder organizations are engineered through people management policies; organizational culture and trust between the organization and its stakeholders plays crucial role in creating proactive stakeholder organizations; organizational stakeholders are recognized based on both dynamic and fixed features; conflict resolution in proactive stakeholder organizations is based on a balanced approach; and there is a dynamic relationship between value based business and entrepreneurship. The study contributes to research on proactive stakeholder management by studying the stakeholder phenomenon as a whole in its social context.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Mohammad Abbas Al
The New manuscript from unfamiliar author; The book of Haqiqat al-Bayan fi Sharafat al-Ensan
No full textThe book of Sharafat al-Ensan is a mystical-fiction book whose main story is about animals complaining about human abuse to the king of jinns called "King Dadbakhsh". This book was written by Mohammad Ali Ibn Iskandar Shirvani in 1250 AH and dedicated to Mohammad Shah Qajar. The main story is rooted in the treatises of Ikhwan al-Safa, and in addition to the narration of this book, several other narrations have been known and published in Persian language. Our aim in this research is to introduce this manuscript and its author and its stylistic coordinates and distinguish it from other narrations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its information is extracted from library sources. The research findings show that the main difference of Shirvani narration is to giving mystical color on the story by the dialogues of characters. In this narration, the reason for human's nobility over other animals is considered to be his divine spirit and ability to knowledge of God. Other distinguishing features include the abundance of references to Persian, Arabic, Quranic, and narrative verses and proverbs, as well as the use of artificial and obligatory style in general. A copy of the book contains nineteen miniature drawings that enhance its visual value, and printing the book will reduce the risk of extinction. Two manuscripts of this book have been identified so far: the original, which is in the library of the Academy of Bucharest, Romania, and the other, which is kept in the Malik Library of Tehran
- …
