28,599 research outputs found
HMOX1 gene promoter alleles and high HO-1 levels are associated with severe malaria in Gambian children.
Full text linkHeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an essential enzyme induced by heme and multiple stimuli associated with critical illness. In humans, polymorphisms in the HMOX1 gene promoter may influence the magnitude of HO-1 expression. In many diseases including murine malaria, HO-1 induction produces protective anti-inflammatory effects, but observations from patients suggest these may be limited to a narrow range of HO-1 induction, prompting us to investigate the role of HO-1 in malaria infection. In 307 Gambian children with either severe or uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, we characterized the associations of HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms, HMOX1 mRNA inducibility, HO-1 protein levels in leucocytes (flow cytometry), and plasma (ELISA) with disease severity. The (GT)(n) repeat polymorphism in the HMOX1 promoter was associated with HMOX1 mRNA expression in white blood cells in vitro, and with severe disease and death, while high HO-1 levels were associated with severe disease. Neutrophils were the main HO-1-expressing cells in peripheral blood, and HMOX1 mRNA expression was upregulated by heme-moieties of lysed erythrocytes. We provide mechanistic evidence that induction of HMOX1 expression in neutrophils potentiates the respiratory burst, and propose this may be part of the causal pathway explaining the association between short (GT)(n) repeats and increased disease severity in malaria and other critical illnesses. Our findings suggest a genetic predisposition to higher levels of HO-1 is associated with severe illness, and enhances the neutrophil burst leading to oxidative damage of endothelial cells. These add important information to the discussion about possible therapeutic manipulation of HO-1 in critically ill patients
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No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 산업대학원 :기계공학과,2009. 2요 약
근래 자동차시스템의 전자화는 보다 편리하고 안전한 주행을 위하여 첨단제어장치인 전자화 컴퓨터화의 발달이 급속도로 진행되고 있다. 여기에 발맞추어 복잡하고 다양한 고난도 정비를 신속 정확하게 하기 위해서는 정비기술의 질적인 기술능력향상이 필수적이다. 이러한 전자화된 자동차시스템을 진단 정비 검사하기 위한 대책으로 고장차량을 진단할 수 있는 여러가지의 전자제어점검기가 개발 보급되고 있다. 차량제작사의 고장판정조건을 만족시킴에도 불구하고 고장코드가 전자제어점검기에 나타나지 않거나, 흡배기계통에서의 공기 누설시 전자제어점검기가 범하는 진단오류가 있다.
본 연구에서는 실차와 전자제어점검기를 이용하여 실제 차량에서 고장판정조건을 충실히 따라 실행시 고장코드가 어떻게 발생되는지의 여부, 실차에서 흡배기계통에서의 공기 누설시 전자제어점검기의 고장반응 출현여부를 실험하였다.
실험결과 차량제작사의 고장조건을 만족시킴에도 불구하고 점검기에는 정상이라고 진단하는 진단오류를 범하고 있었으며, 흡배기계통에서의 공기 누설시 정상적인 센서임에도 불구하고 흡입관련 센서의 고장결함코드가 나타났으며, 엔진의 부조현상이 발생하거나, 각종센서 특히 산소센서의 정상적인 파형이 나타나지 않음에도 불구하고 전자제어점검기는 진단결과 정상이라고 진단하였다.
따라서 전자제어점검기에서 나타나는 결함센서가 나올지라도 관련센서의 무조건적인 교환보다는 관련 흡배기계통에서의 에어 또는 진공누설의 철저한 점검이 시행된 후 정비 검사작업을 하여야 할 것이며, 엔진에서 결함코드는 나타나질 않으나 부조현상이 발생시는 흡배기관련 PCV계통, 캐니스터계통, 에어크리너 공기통로계통 등의 누설점검을 확인하여야 한다.목 차
감사의 글 ……………………………………………………Ⅰ
요약 …………………………………………………………Ⅱ
목차 …………………………………………………………Ⅳ
그림 목차 ……………………………………………………Ⅴ
표 목차 ………………………………………………………Ⅶ
사진 목차 ……………………………………………………Ⅷ
1.서론 …………………………………………………………1
2.실험장치 및 방법 …………………………………………2
2.1 실험장치 ………………………………………………4
2.2 실험방법 ………………………………………………6
3.실험결과 및 분석 ………………………………………13
3.1 흡배기계통 공기 누설시 전자제어점검기에 의한
진단 ……………………………………………………13
3.1.1 PCV계통 누설시 고장진단 실험결과 및 분석
………………… ……………………………………13
3.1.2 에어크리너와 스로틀보디 연결호스에서의
누설시 고장진단 실험결과 및 분석 …………19
3.1.3 산소센서의 분리로 인한 누설시
고장진단 실험결과 및 분석 ……………………22
3.1.4 PCSV계통 누설시 고장진단 실험결과 및 분석
………………………………………………………26
4.결 론 ………………………………………………………29
5.참고문헌 …………………………………………………31
부 록 ………………………………………………………32
초 록 ………………………………………………………36Maste
Intelligent transportation system and the case of Ho Chi Minh City
Full text linkThe development of science, technology, economy leads to the change of all aspects in society. Public management of transportation is not out of this indispensable tendency. In order to be suitable for society conditions and to acquire effectivity in transportation management, the state need to innovate policies in management and discover solutions to improve and perfect the transportation system.
Ho Chi Minh City is the biggest nucleus of trading, science, technology, economy, finance of Vietnam. While transportation and communications play the momentous function in giving an impulse to economic-social development, the Ho Chi Minh City transportation system exists disadvantages and affect the growth of city. To find out possibilities for the Ho Chi Minh City transportation system, the researcher studied “Intelligent transportation system and the case of Ho Chi Minh City”. This research is studied by using qualitative method, doing in-depth interviews from officials working in (1) Management Authority for Urban Railways of Ho Chi Minh City; (2) Department of Transportation and Communication of Ho Chi Minh City. The research revealed the role of government in transportation management, the change of strategy management in transportation to accord with the situation of current society. Strategy of transportation demand management is feasible for Ho Chi Minh City authorities to make policies in transportation and communication. The study then evaluates the need of building intelligent transportation and suggest appropriate solutions for Ho Chi Minh City transportation system. They are building smart car parks, electronic tickets, electronic toll collection system, traffic information collection two-stage left turn. The study also determined that Ho Chi Minh City needs to improve the transportation system first before applying intelligent transportation solutions
Kasvatus, toimijuus ja voimaantuminen : kasvatusantropologinen tutkimus andalusialaisten naisten arjesta
No full textTiedostavaan lähestymistapaan ja kasvatusantropologiseen tutkimusotteeseen tukeutumalla voidaan rakentaa kulttuurisensitiivistä tietoa, joka avaa tutkittavan ilmiön merkityskenttiä sen toimijoiden näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, miten kasvatusantropologista utkimusotetta voidaan hyödyntää kasvatuksen ja koulutuksen tutkimuksessa huomioimalla sen vaihtuvat tarkastelukulmat ja epistemologiselta taustaltaan erilaiset käsitykset tutkittavasta ilmiöstä.
Tutkimus paikantuu Etelä-Espanjaan, andalusialaiseen urbaaniin kylään. Tutkimusaineisto tuotettiin kolme vuotta kestäneen etnografisen kenttätyön aikana. Tutkimusprosessi tukeutui refleksiiviseen ja dialogiseen tiedon tuottamisen tapaan sekä menetelmä-,aineisto- ja teoriatriangulaatioon. Tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin hyödyntäen etnografista lukutapaa sekä sisällön erittelyn ja temaattisen koodauksen keinoja. Tekstissä rakennetaan vuoropuhelua kulttuurin sisäisen ja teoreettisen viitekehyksen välille. Tutkimus koostuu avainkäsitteiden erittelystä sekä etnografisesta kontekstin, ilmiön ja tutkimusprosessin kuvauksesta.
Kontekstin aikuisikäisten naisten toimijuudet näyttäytyivät moninaisina ja jatkuvan neuvottelun kohteina. Kontekstissa vaikuttivat rinnakkain vahvat, historialliskulttuuriset naisten toimijuutta määrittävät perinteet sekä yhteiskunnalliset muutokset ja yksilölähtöiset muutostarpeet. Näistä edeltävät tukivat tapaistunutta, kodin ja perheen ympärille kietoutunutta toimijuutta. Kontekstissa vallalla olleet reunaehdot loivat kokemusta rajoittuneesta toimijuudesta. Muutokset ja muutostarpeet puolestaan tukivat neuvotteluja ammatillisesta ja aktiivisesta toimijuudesta.
Yhteisöllisellä tasolla muutostarpeisiin oli vastattu erilaisilla, aikuisille naisille suunnatuilla non-formaaleilla ja formaaleilla kasvatus- ja koulutustapahtumilla. Tekstissä lähestytään toteutettuja koulutuksellisia kokonaisuuksia voimaantumisen näkökulmasta. Kontekstin tarpeet ja haasteet huomioivat koulutukselliset tapahtumat edistivät naisten kriittistä ja tiedostavaa oman paikan, tarpeiden, mahdollisuuksien ja rajojen hahmottamista. Ne antoivat välineitä ja tukea vaikuttamiseen sekä muutoksen toteuttamiseen.
Tutkimusprosessin osallistuva, osallistava ja tiedostava tutkimusote aktivoi tutkimukseen osallistuneita naisia. Omista kokemuksista ja näkemyksistä puhuminen vahvisti tunnetta oman elämän merkityksellisyydestä.With a conscious, educational-anthropological research approach one can produceculturally sensitive information of the research phenomenon and its various meanings from the viewpoint of subjects in the field. In this study, it is evaluated how the anthropologicalapproach can be utilized in educational research by examining various analytical viewpoints and epistemologically diverse understandings about the research phenomenon.
The research was done in Southern Spain, in an urban Andalusian village. The research data were obtained during three years of ethnographic field work. The research process was based on reflective and dialogic ways of producing knowledge as well as on method, data, and theory triangulations. The data were analyzed by using ethnographic interpretation and thematic coding. The research report includes a dialogue between the culture-specific nd theoretical frameworks. The study consists of an analysis of key concepts, descriptions of the ethnographic context, phenomenon, and research process.
The adult women’s agency within the research context seemed manifold and target of constant negotiations. Strong historical-cultural traditions defining women’s agency appeared side by side with societal changes and individual-based needs for changes. The former supported routine based agency intertwined around home and family. Prevailing conditions provided women with a sense of limited agency. Changes and needs for change supported negotiations about professional and active agency.
At the communal level, needs for change were met with various non-formal and formal educational events aimed at adult women. The educational entities are analyzed from the point of view of empowerment. Events which took contextual needs and challenges into account enhanced women’s ability to conceive their place, needs, and opportunities critically and consciously. These events also provided women with the means and support to influence and realize change.
The participatory, participating, and conscious research approaches activated the research participants. Discussing their own experiences and opinions strengthened women’s sense of the meaningfulness of their lives.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Erratic Asian summer monsoon 2020: COVID-19 lockdown initiatives possible cause for these episodes?
No full text© 2021, The Author(s).The summer (June through September) monsoon 2020 has been very erratic with episodes of heavy and devastating rains, landslides and catastrophic winds over South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh), East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia). The withdrawal of the summer monsoon over India was delayed by 2 weeks. The monsoon season over East Asia has been the longest. China recorded a Dam burst in the twentieth century. Furthermore, the Korean Peninsula has experienced back-to-back severe tropical cyclones. Could the lockdown activities initiate to control the COVID-19 spread a possible cause for these major episodes? The strict enforcement of the lockdown regulations has led to a considerable reduction of air pollutants—dust and aerosols throughout the world. A recent study based on satellites and merged products has documented a statistically significant mean reduction of about 20, 8, and 50% in nitrogen dioxide, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively over the megacities across the globe. Our analysis reveals a considerable reduction of about 20% in AOD over South as well as over East Asia, more-over East Asia than over South Asia. The reduced aerosols have impacted the strength of the incoming solar radiation as evidenced by enhanced warming, more-over the land than the oceans. The differential warming over the land and the ocean has resulted in the amplification of the meridional ocean-land thermal contrast and strengthening of the monsoon flow. These intense features have supported the surplus transport of moisture from the oceans towards the main lands. Some similarity between the anomalous rainfall pattern and the anomalous AOD pattern is discernable. In particular, the enhancement of rainfall, the reduction in AOD and the surface temperature warming match very well over two regions one over West-Central India and the other over the Yangzte River Valley. Results further reveal that the heavy rains over the Yangzte River Valley could be associated with the preceding reduced aerosols, while the heavy rains over West-Central India could be associated with reduced aerosols and also due to the surface temperature warming.N
Tekoäly työkaluna keramiikan lasitetutkimuksessa: vaaleanpunainen lasite tina- ja kromioksidilla
No full textThis empirical study developed a pink ceramic glaze using the AI-based tool ChatGPT 4o to support design and analysis.
Starting from the June Perry Pink glaze recipe, modifications were made through several test series to adapt it for oxidation firing at approximately 1240 °C. The effects of tin oxide (SnO₂) and chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) on color and surface quality were tested on white casting porcelain and stoneware clay bodies.
The goal was to create a technically sound and visually appealing pink glaze, while evaluating AI's potential in glaze research. ChatGPT was especially helpful in recipe modification, Seger formula calculations, test planning, and troubleshooting. However, limitations emerged in accuracy and reliability, including the risk of confidently delivered false information (hallucination). AI suggestions required critical review and expert comparison.
Ethical use of AI followed guidelines by Aalto University and the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity: AI was used as a tool, not a co-author, and its role is transparently disclosed.
The most successful result was achieved with 4% tin oxide and 0.1% chromium oxide. A second series performed poorly due to chemical imbalance and incorrect material ratios. The study shows that when used responsibly and critically, AI can support ceramic research without replacing empirical testing or material expertise.Tässä empiirisessä tutkimuksessa kehitettiin vaaleanpunainen keramiikkalasite käyttämällä suunnittelun ja analyysin tukena tekoälypohjaista ChatGPT 4o -ohjelmaa.
Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana oli June Perry Pink -lasiteresepti, jota muokattiin useiden testisarjojen avulla sopivaksi korkeampaan, noin 1240 °C:n hapettavaan polttolämpötilaan. Lasitetesteissä tutkittiin tinaoksidin (SnO₂) ja kromioksidin (Cr₂O₃) määrien vaikutusta lasitteen väriin ja rakenteeseen kahdella eri savipohjalla: valkoisella valusavella sekä kivitavarasavella.
Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää teknisesti toimiva ja esteettisesti onnistunut vaaleanpunainen lasite, sekä arvioida tekoälyn käyttökelpoisuutta lasitetutkimuksen välineenä. Tekoäly osoittautui hyödylliseksi erityisesti reseptien muokkauksessa, Segerin kaavojen laskemisessa, testiohjelman suunnittelussa ja ongelmanratkaisussa. Samalla se paljasti rajoitteensa erityisesti matemaattisessa tarkkuudessa ja koostumuslaskennassa. Ongelmaksi muodostui niin kutsuttu hallusinointi, eli tekoälyn itsevarmasti antama virheellinen tieto ja kyvyttömyys arvioida sen tuottaman sisällön järkevyyttä. Tekoälyn tuottamat ehdotukset vaativat käyttäjältä valppautta niiden arvioinnissa: on tärkeää arvioida ehdotuksia kriittisesti ja verrata tuloksia asiantuntijatietoon.
Tutkimuksen aikana pohdin myös tekoälyn käytön eettisiä ulottuvuuksia opiskelussa ja tutkimustyössä. Tekoälyn käyttöä ohjasivat Aalto-yliopiston ja Tutkimuseettisen neuvottelukunnan antamat ohjeistukset: tekoälyä käytettiin vain apuvälineenä, ei kirjoittajana, ja sen rooli tutkimusprosessissa on esitetty läpinäkyvästi.
Ensimmäisen koesarjan paras lopputulos saavutettiin reseptillä, jossa oli 4 % tinaoksidia ja 0,1 % kromioksidia. Toisen koesarjan tulokset jäivät selkeästi heikommiksi erityisesti reseptin kemiallisen epätasapainon ja raaka-aineiden virheellisten suhteiden vuoksi. Tutkimus osoittaa, että ChatGPT voi toimia hyödyllisenä apuna keramiikan tutkimuksessa, kun sen käyttö on vastuullista, läpinäkyvää ja kriittisesti ohjattua. Tekoäly ei korvaa empiiristä testausta tai materiaalien syvällistä tuntemusta, mutta voi toimia tukena tutkimusprosessin eri vaiheissa
Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical applications of carbon nanoparticles derived from castor oil soot.
No full textEfficient electrocatalytic oxidation of water: minimization of catalyst loading by an electrostatic assembly of hydrous iridium oxide colloids
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Integration of multiple description codes and maximally smooth recovery for image transmission
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