321 research outputs found
The eclipse of the goal of zero inflation
No full textWilliam J. Barber's study of Alvin H. Hansen (1887-1975) emphasized the importance of the intellectual transformation that led to the "'Keynes-Hansen intellectual system that appeared to have compelling diagnostic and prescriptive power" (Barber 19X7. 205).1 Between 1936 and 1938, Hansen became a convert to Keynesian economics, and this led to the Hicks-Hansen IS-LM model. Subsequent authors (including Phillips in the 1950s) concluded that this approach, being an equilibrium model, did not capture the disequilibrium "essence" of Keynes (Lipsey 19X I, 547). The purpose of this article is to highlight a second intellectual transformation in Hansen's policy advocacy, and to suggest the possibility that, once again, Hansen contributed to a Keynesian economics that was in conflict with Keynes's stated position. I will also discuss a parallel transformation in the policy advocacy of Sumner H. Slichter ( 1892-1959), who was, like Hansen, a Harvard University professor
CHARACTERIZATION OF A MATRIX ISOLATED COMPLEX (X = Cl or Br) BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University; Department of Chemistry, University of WashingtonPotassium atoms and hydrogen halides deposited in argon and krypton matrices react to yield a radical species whose spectral parameters are closely described in terms of an ionic product, (X = Cl or Br). Such a structure corresponds to the short lived complex long postulated as an intermediate in the analagous gas phase reactions, M + HX (M = alkali). For and in argon matrices, the measured spectral parameters are: Gauss and Gauss, with . By comparison with ``free” hydrogen atoms ( gauss, , for an argon matrix) the spin density on the proton in is measured to be 85\%. These results, and some preliminary data from the analagous sodium and rubidium reactions, are discussed in terms of a plausible bonding scheme for complexes MHX
Dynamical LEED analysis of Ni2P (0001)-1 x 1 : Evidence for P-covered surface structure
No full textNickel phosphide (Ni2P) is an emerging catalyst for hydrodesulfurization and other important environment- and energy-related catalytic reactions. To understand its high performance, the surface structure of a Ni2P (0 0 0 1) single crystal surface was investigated using dynamical LEED analysis. The obtained surface structure for Ni2P (0 0 0 1)-1 x 1 is a P-covered Ni3P2 structure (Ni3P_P structure) as opposed to the expected bulk terminated surface structures. This Letter discusses the driving force for the formation of the Ni3P_P surface, which involves the minimization of dangling bonds
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica e Transtornos de Deglutição: revisão de literatura
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Fonoaudiologia.Introdução: Pelas projeções dos órgãos de saúde e sociedades científicas da área, nas próximas décadas a DPOC será uma das cinco primeiras causas de morte em todo o mundo sendo que no Brasil já é uma das doenças mais incapacitantes e com elevados índices de mortalidade. A DPOC corresponde a presença de obstrução ou limitação crônica do fluxo aéreo, apresentando progressão lenta e irreversível. A respiração é a parte intrínseca e vital no processo de deglutição, porém, é a função mais afetada na DPOC. Objetivo:Realizar uma revisão de literatura visando encontrar artigos que busquem a relação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica com transtornos de deglutição.Metodologia:Foi conduzida uma busca em artigos nos idiomas PORTUGUES, INGLES e ESPANHOL sobre a relação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica com transtornos de deglutição, sem limite de tempo, texto na íntegra, tipo de estudo (sem delimitação), população-alvo (adultos) nas bases de dados MEDLINE-PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO e SCOPUS. As palavras-chave usadas isoladas e em cruzamentos foram: em português: DPOC; transtornos de deglutição, deglutição, disfagia e disfagia orofaríngea; em inglês: COPD, deglutition disorders, swallowing disorders, dysphagia e em espanhol: EPOC e transtornos de Deglución. Resultados: A pesquisa resultou em 224 artigos, destes apenas 18 preencheram os critérios de inclusão, sendo 12 artigos encontrados na base de dados PUBMED, 3 artigos encontrados na base de dados LILACS e 3 na base SCIELO. Conclusão: Há escassez de trabalhos sobre a correlação entre disfagia no paciente com DPOC, porém, em 15 (quinze) dos 18 (dezoito) artigos estudados, o que corresponde a 79% do total, houve esta relação. Sugerem-se novos estudos, estruturados metodologicamente, abordando este mesmo tema, para a disseminação do conhecimento a cerca dos fatores que podem influenciar a estabilidade do paciente acometido por estas comorbidades.Introduction: According to projections of health agencies and scientific societies of the area in the coming decades COPD is one of the five leading causes of death worldwide and in Brazil is already one of the most disabling diseases and high mortality. COPD accounts for obstruction or chronic airflow limitation, with slow progression and irreversible. Breathing is a vital and intrinsic part of the swallowing process, however, is the most affected function in COPD. Objective:To review the literature in order to find articles that seek the relationship of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with swallowing disorders. Methods: We conducted a search for articles in languages PORTUGUESE, ENGLISH and SPANISH on the relationship of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with swallowing disorders, no time limit, full text, type of study (without boundary), the target population (adults ) in MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO and SCOPUS. The keywords used were isolated and crossings: in Portuguese: COPD; swallowing disorders, swallowing, dysphagia and oropharyngeal dysphagia, in English: COPD, deglutition disorders, swallowing disorders, dysphagia and Spanish: EPOC and disorders Deglución. Results:The search resulted in 224 articles, of which only 18 met the inclusion criteria, 12articles found in PUBMED database, 3 articles found in the database LILACS and SCIELO third base. In SCOPUS database items found were discarded due to the exclusion criteria. Conclusion:There are few studies on the correlation between dysphagia in patients with COPD, however, within fifteen (15) of the eighteen (18) items studied, which corresponds to 79% of the total, there was this relationship. Suggest new studies, methodologically structured, addressing the same subject, for the dissemination of knowledge about the factors that may influence the stability of patients affected by these comorbidities
Exploring Emptiness: An Investigation of MA and MU in My Sonic Composition Practice
No full textThe commentary investigates Japanese aesthetics of space, silence and emptiness - ma and mu - that informed my compositional practice during the research period 2012 - 2015. The portfolio comprises text compositions and sound installations in which forms of micro events and sustained events are employed. Throughout, the emphasis is on my personal engagement with, and manifestation of emptiness that concerns a particular model of listening and perception.
Chapter 1 discusses six primary research areas: ma and mu, material, text, form, listening and perception. Firstly, I introduce ma and mu by examining noh culture and Zeami's teaching of senu hima (where there is no-action) in the context of my personal approaches to music. The following subjects are then used to contextualise my PhD practice by means of examples from various composers and visual artists. Here, these particular and enigmatic concepts are explored through Japanese art as well as Western contemporary works by Alvin Lucier, Eliane Radigue and those of the Wandelweiser collective.
Part 2 provides contextual commentaries on selected compositions from the portfolio that mostly articulate my aesthetics in relation to the topics covered in Chapter 1. koso koso addresses my methodologies to investigate the essence of senu hima, followed by treow that discusses my approach to materials and the importance of space. I move on to grade two and grade two extended in order to examine text scores, and then, look into Espèces d'espaces 03 and 04 as examples of musical forms that I employ.
Finally, listening and perception are investigated through the compositions gnome and con.de.structuring. Throughout, I describe how my works explore emptiness as a result of my particular emphasis on listening over composing
Individual immune selection pressure has limited impact on seasonal influenza virus evolution
No full textSeasonal influenza viruses are subjected to strong selection as seen by the sequential replacement of existing viral populations on the emergence of new antigenic variants. However, the process of within-host de novo mutant generation and evolutionary selection that underlies these antigenic sweeps is poorly understood. Here, we investigate mutational patterns between evolutionarily closely related human seasonal influenza viruses using host age as a proxy for immune experience. The systematic analysis of >25,000 virus sequences showed that individuals with substantially differing immune histories were frequently (30–62%) infected by viruses with identical amino acid sequences. Viruses from immunologically inexperienced individuals were as likely to possess substitutions with potential phenotypic relevance as highly experienced individuals. Mutations likely to cause antigenic changes were rare among closely related viruses and not associated with extent of host immune experience. These findings suggest that individual immune positive selection plays a limited role in the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses
Protein-Associated Cation Clusters in Aqueous Arginine Solutions and Their Effects on Protein Stability and Size
No full text
Explorations of structure and choice in taxing capital gains: New Zealand tax experts' perspectives
No full textThis study explores the key issues, aspects, and attributes concerning capital gains tax (CGT) to enable the formulation of policy guidelines that might be used if a CGT were considered in New Zealand. It contends that the development of the New Zealand’s policy on taxing capital gains has continued in a somewhat ad hoc and inconsistent fashion. The lack of a uniform approach to capital gains taxation has resulted in detailed, but complex, legislation which leads to “policy inconsistencies and unintended incentives built into the tax structure” (Oliver, 2001, pp. 80 – 81). The study bridges the divide between theoretical analysis of CGT and implementation issues on operating a CGT. It attempts to address one primary research question and an associated secondary question. The primary research question is: should capital gains be taxed more comprehensively than at present? As a start, it examines the two important issues surrounding income definition and the capital/income distinction. In this regard, the research first attempts to identify the definition(s) of capital gains from the New Zealand perspective(s). This is followed by investigating the key areas of the tax system in order to seek the best way of taxing capital gains. This study also attempts to address the secondary research question, i.e., why (or why not) do the tax experts favour (or oppose) a comprehensive CGT? In this respect, this study identifies 23 factors/issues that are related to the tax experts’ attitudes towards a particular form of a CGT model (i.e., current hybrid approach, a realisation-based CGT or an accrual-based CGT). A mixed-methods design has been adopted in this study involving both a quantitative (survey) and a qualitative (interview) method in analysing the data to determine the tax experts’ overall perceptions of a CGT in New Zealand and the CGT adoption factors which influenced them. One important finding of the comparative analyses was that all tax experts generally agreed that the lack of a comprehensive CGT could provide more significant tax planning opportunities. However, many tax experts did not support the comprehensive income concept as they disagreed with the benefits derived from the gains in horizontal equity through adopting a CGT. This study has identified several important policy issues and reviewed their implication for the adoption of a CGT in New Zealand. The finding of the study revealed that the tax experts strongly supported the exemption of the gains on disposal of a taxpayer’s main residence and the tax preference for inflation adjustment. Another important policy issue is the implementation of an accrual-based CGT. Most tax experts considered a realisation-based CGT would be better than an accrual one. In particular, they were concerned about the liquidity problems and the compliance costs involved in an accrual-based CGT regime i.e., the annual valuation of all assets. These findings represent a first step towards a theoretical CGT framework. It is hoped that the knowledge gained in this study would give a greater understanding into the practical decision-making process that could result in a better public acceptance for a tax reform
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