1,720,966 research outputs found
SINTESIS SENYAWA t-KALKON BAHAN DASAR SENYAWA TABIR SURYA
Full text linkA novel method for the synthesis of t-chalcone as material start of sunscreen compounds through aldol condensation reaction was introduced using NaOH/EtOH as a catalyst and solvent. The structures of the t-chalcone of product were confirmed by IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectrosfotomete
Modeling of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents using QSAR Analysis
Full text linkIn this study, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was conducted on 20 homologous compounds of benzimidazole derivatives. The structures of the benzimidazole derivatives were optimized using the semiempirical Parameterized Model 3 method of HyperChem for Windows 8.0 to obtain 14 descriptors. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was performed using the backward method. The results of the MLR analysis obtained four new QSAR equation models. Based on statistical criteria, model 1 was determined as the best QSAR equation model in predicting the theoretical IC50 values of the new benzimidazole derivatives. As many as 20 new compounds of benzimidazole derivatives were modeled, of which 13 new compounds (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37, 38, 39, and 40 compounds) were recommended for synthesis in the laboratory because these compounds of benzimidazole derivatives havethey theoretically had higher antimalarial activity than chloroquin
Sintesis senyawa antimalaria (1)-N-Alkil-1,10-Fenantrolium dan 3-(2-Hidroksietil)-2-Metil-1,10-Fenantrolin4-OL
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identifikasi Struktur Komponen Senyawa Kimia Kulit Batang Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.)
Full text linkKetapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is a type of flowering plant that has been widely used by the community, especially in traditional medicine. This research aims to identify the chemical compound components of Ketapang bark using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) solvent. Research methods include making VCO, maceration extraction, solubility testing, identification of chemical compound components using FTIR and GC-MS. The mass of VCO is 744.32 grams (14.88% soaking). The mass of Ketapang bark extract weighed 183.88 grams (0.63% soaking). The solubility test shows that VCO and extracts are generally nonpolar. Identification results using FT-IR show that VCO has C-H, C=O and C-O groups, while ketapang bark extract has aliphatic –CH, C=O, C-O, C-OH, C-N and aromatic C-H groups. Identification using GC-MS showed that VCO had 112 peaks, among the 112 peaks that had a similarity index of 80% there were 14 peaks, while the ketapang bark extract had 190 peaks and 11 peaks had a similarity index. Thus, it can be concluded that the components of the VCO compound are decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 2-monocaprin (2TMS derivative), palmitelaidic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. Meanwhile, Ketapang stem bark extract contains heptadecanoic acid, (z) oleic acid, elaidic acid, 1-ethoxy-4'-methoxy-2,2'-binaptyl-1,4-dione, eikosan, 7-methyl-z-tetradeken- 1-ol-acetate, beta-alanine, sarcosine, 1-aminomethyl-cyclododecanol, and dodecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester.Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) merupakan jenis tumbuhan berbunga yang telah digunakan masyarakat secara luas khususnya dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa kimia kulit batang ketapang menggunakan pelarut Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Metode penelitian meliputi pembuatan VCO, ekstraksi maserasi, uji kelarutan, identifikasi komponen senyawa kimia menggunakan FTIR dan GC-MS. Massa VCO sebanyak 744,32 gram (rendamen 14,88%). Massa ekstrak kulit batang ketapang seberat 183,88 gram (rendamen 0,63%). Uji kelarutan menunjukkan VCO dan ekstrak secara umum bersifat nonpolar. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan FT-IR menunjukkan VCO memiliki gugus C-H, C=O dan C-O, sedangkan ekstrak kulit batang ketapang memiliki gugus –CH alifatik, C=O, C-O, C-OH, C-N, dan C-H aromatik. Identifikasi menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan VCO memiliki 112 puncak, diantara 112 puncak yang memiliki indeks similaritas mencapai 80% sebanyak 14 puncak, sedangkan ekstrak kulit batang ketapang terdapat 190 puncak dan yang memiliki indeks similaritas sebanyak 11 puncak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan komponen senyawa VCO yaitu asam dekanoat, asam dodekanoat, asam tridekanoat, asam miristat, asam pentadekanoat, 2-monocaprin (2TMS derivative), asam palmitelaidat, asam palmitat, dan asam stearat. Sedangkan ektsrak kulit batang ketapang mengandung asam heptadekanoat, asam (z) oleat, asam elaidat, 1-etoksi-4’-metoksi-2,2’-binaptyl-1,4-dion, eikosan, 7-metil-z-tetradeken-1-ol-asetat, beta-alanin, sarkosin, 1-aminometil-siklododekanol, dan asam dodekanoat, 2,3-dihidroksipropil ester
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-Phenyl-1,10- Phenanthroline Derivative Compounds
Full text linkA unique of synthetic methods was employed to prepare 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5) derivatives from 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (1), acetophenone (2), and 8-aminoquinoline (4) with aldol condensation and cyclization reactions. The derivatives were tested through antiplasmodial test. The synthesis of derivatives compound 5 was conducted in three steps. The 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpropenone 3 was synthesized through aldol condensation of 1 and 2 which has a yield of 96.42%. The compound 5 was synthesized through cyclization of compound 4 and 3 with 84.55% yield. The derivative of compound 5 was synthesized from compound 5 using DMS and DES reagents which refluxed for 21 and 22 h, to produce (1)-N-methyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-1,10- phenanthrolinium sulfate (6) and (1)-N-ethyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate (7) with 91.42 and 86.36% yields, respectively. Results of in vitro testing of antiplasmodial activity of compound 5 derivatives (i.e., compound 6 and 7) against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum FCR3 strain showed that compound 7 had higher antimalarial activity than compounds 5 and 6. Whereas, results of in vitro testing against chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum D10 strain showed that compound 6 has higher antimalarial activity than compounds 5 and 7
Sintesis dan Uji Aktivitas Antimalaria Senyawa Turunan 2,4-Difenil-1,10-Fenantrolin
No full textMalaria is still the main health problems in subtropical and tropical countries. There are 105 countries in the world at malaria endemic and more than 500 million cases or more than 2.7 million deaths from malaria each year. The traditional remedies are no longer effective and the incidence of malarial by P. falciparum, the most dangerous species of parasite, continues to grow, while some traditional drugs such as chloroquine has been resistance. Synthesis of 2,4-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline [5] compounds with benzaldehyde [1], acetophenone [2], t-calcone [3], 8-aminoquinoline [4] as starting material through three steps has been carried out. The results of all steps of the reaction were obtained compounds of [5], (1)-N methyl-7,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate [6] and (1)-N-ethyl-7,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate [7]. The results of antiplasmodial activity in vitro testing of the derivatives on chloroquine resistant P. falciparum FCR3 indicated that compound [7] has higher antimalarial activity (IC5O = 0.06±0.05 µM) than the activity of [6] compound (ICSO = 1.27±O.97 µM) and [5] compound (1C50 = 1.66±0.70 µM). Results of similar in vitro testing on chloroquine resistant P. falciparum D10 strain indicated that [7] compound has higher antimalarial activity (IC50 = 0.04±0.04 uM) than the activity of [5] compound (IC50 = 1.13±0.30 µM) and [6] compound (ICSO = 0.81±0.06 µM).Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di negara negara subtropis dan tropis. Ada 105 negara di dunia yang berada pada daerah endemik malaria dan lebih dari 500 juta kasus atau lebih dari 2,7 juta kematian akibat malaria setiap tahunnya. Beberapa obat tradisional tidak efektif lagi, dan masih banyak serangan penyakit malaria yang paling berbahaya akibat spesies P. falciparum terus meningkat, sementara beberapa obat tradisional seperti chloroquine telah mengalami resistensi. Sintesis turunan 2,4-difenil-1,10-fenantrolin [5] dari bahan baku benzaldehida [1], asetofenon [2], t-kalkon [3], dan 8-aminokuinolin [4] melalui 3 tahap reaksi telah dilakukan. Hasil dari semua tahap reaksi tersebut tersebut diperoleh senyawa [5], (1)-N-metil-7,9-difenil-1,10-fenantrolinium sulfat [6] dan (1)-N-etil-7,9-difenil-1,10-fenantrolinium sulfat [7]. Hasil uji aktivitas anti antiplasmodium secara in vitro terhadap strain P. falciparum FCR3 yang resistan klorokuin menunjukkan bahwa senyawa [7] mempunyai aktivitas antimalarial tertinggi (IC50 = 0,06±0,05 µM), dibandingkan dengan aktivitas antimalarial senyawa [6] (IC50 = 1,27±0,97 µM) dan senyawa [5] (IC50 = 1,66±0,70 µM). Hasil yang serupa dalam uji in vitro dengan metode yang sama pada strain P. falciparum D10 yang resisten klorokuin menunjukkan bahwa senyawa [7] memiliki alctivitas antimalaria yang lebih tinggi (IC50 = 0,04±0,04 µM) dari aktivitas senyawa [5] (IC50 = 1,13±0,30 µM) dan senyawa [6] (IC50 = 0,81±0,06 µM)
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