JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Not a member yet
670 research outputs found
Sort by
Adverse events among pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Banten, Indonesia
Full text linkDrug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment requires an extended duration, making adverse events (AEs) a common concern. This study aimed to assess the frequency of AEs, time to events, and their association with treatment outcomes among DR- pulmonary TB patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged >18 years at one of public hospitals at Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, from March 2021 to May 2023. Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the association between AEs and treatment outcomes. Among 53 patients included in the study, all experienced at least one AEs. Number of AEs mean ± SD; 9.724±4.86. Mild AEs were reported in 100% of patients, while 75.5% experienced moderate AEs, and 81.1% experienced severe AEs. The most common AEs included nausea (90.6%), anemia (73.6%), vomiting (62.3%), decreased appetite (60.4%), and joint pain (60.4%). The AEs were frequently reported during intensive phase (4-6 months). AEs have association with treatment outcome (P<0.05). The frequency of AE among DR-TB patients was high. Early detection and effective management of AEs are essential to improving treatment outcomes for DR-TB patients
Andrographis paniculata Burm. F. in-silico analysis compounds that function as an insulin sensitizer therapy for type 2 diabetes via peroxisome proliferator activated gamma receptors (pparγ) receptor activator
Full text linkType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance, requires safer PPARγ-targeting therapies to overcome the limitations of current thiazolidinediones (e.g., hepatotoxicity of pioglitazone). Andrographis paniculata, a traditional medicinal plant, contains bioactive flavonoids with putative insulin-sensitizing effects, although their PPARγ binding mechanisms remain unexplored. This study conducted in silico screening of eight A. paniculata compounds against PPARγ (PDB:5Y2O) using: (1) molecular docking (Molegro Virtual Docker 2013.6.0.0) to calculate binding affinities (MolDock/Rerank scores) and hydrogen bond interactions; (2) physicochemical profiling (ChemDraw Ultra 22.2/Chem3D Ultra 22.2) for drug-likeness parameters; and (3) ADMET prediction (pkCSM) for pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessment, with pioglitazone as the positive control. The results showed that 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8,2',3'-tetramethoxyflavone exhibited near-native binding (MolDock: -111.653 vs pioglitazone -137.994) with optimal ligand-receptor stabilization through strong hydrogen bonds (-7.840 kcal/mol) with Ser289, His323, and Tyr473, as well as hydrophobic interactions with Phe282 and Leu330. This compound also demonstrated better aqueous solubility (-3.404 vs -4.309 log mol/L; p<0.05) and a favorable safety profile (non-hepatotoxic, AMES-negative) despite lower Caco-2 permeability (0.141×10⁻⁶ cm/s). This study identifies 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8,2',3'-tetramethoxyflavone as a lead PPARγ agonist from A. paniculata with enhanced safety and drug-like properties. The HBond score of -7.840 suggests improved target specificity compared to pioglitazone. In vitro validation of glucose uptake modulation is recommended to confirm its therapeutic potential
Optimization of hand sanitizer gels containing soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf extract using simplex lattice design method
Full text linkSoursop (Annona muricata L.) is a plant whose leaf extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins and can be antibacterial. Based on the compounds it contains, soursop leaf extract can be an active substance in hand sanitizer gel preparations. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the resulting hand sanitizer gel and the optimum concentration of the base combination that can produce a qualified hand sanitizer gel. This study used a Simplex Lattice Design experimental method with two factors (carbomer 940 and HPMC). Three hand sanitizer gels were prepared, with a ratio of carbomer 940: HPMC for F1 (1%:0%), F2 (0.5%:0.5%), and F3 (0%:1%). Tests conducted on hand sanitizer gel preparations included organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and viscosity. The results of physical properties tests (spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity) were analyzed using Design Expert 11. The results showed that carbomer 940 and HPMC could increase viscosity and adhesion but could decrease spreadability. Ethanol extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) could be formulated and optimized into hand sanitizer gels. The optimum formula contained carbomer 940 0% and HPMC 1%, obtained in Formula 3 with a desirability value of 0.986
Indonesia
Full text linkMicroalgae (Spirulina platensis) belongs to the family Cyanobacteria contains phycocyanin which is efficacious as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The purpose of the study was to make gel of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) from the Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis). Extracts were made by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent and evaluation of the enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extract was made by NLC with solvent evaporation method and characterized which included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). NLC extract was made into gel preparations by adding gelling agent, and evaluation included organoleptic homogeneity, viscosity and flow properties, pH, and the enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis) with the result IC50 in the amount of 150.22 µg/mL. Five of NLC formulas was made based on the characterization obtained the best formula is NLC formula 2, which includes particle size of 119.6 nm, polydispersity index of 0.356, zeta potential of -37.8 mV, and spherical shape. The evaluation results of the gel were semi-solid, brown, typical smell, homogeneous, viscosity of 19500 cPs, plastic thixotropic flow properties, and pH 5.06. The enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity of NLC gel Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis) with the result IC50 in the amount of 173.38 µg/mL. It can be formulated into a physically and chemically stable gel preparation and has activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor
Spray gel film-forming system formulation of Vernonia amygdalina as diabetic wound healer
Full text linkPoorly managed diabetes mellitus may elevate the risk of having a diabetic wound that may lead to non-traumatic lower limb amputation. Therefore, wound healing management in diabetic patients is essential to prevent such complications. African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) has been widely used for wound treatment empirically for years including diabetic wounds. The current study focuses on developing an African leaves-based spray using a film-forming system for diabetic wound healing. The African leaves extract is formulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to create a viscous liquid and is then made into a spray gel-film form. The spray gel film formulation was further characterized and tested for its wound closure efficacy in animal testing. The characterization include watery form, green colour and a characteristic odour of African leaf extract. The spray gel film preparation of Vernonia amygdalina 1;2;4% extract have pH of 5.92±0.0011; 5.96±0.0011 and 5.42±0.0011. The viscosity value of the spray gel film 1;2 and 4% were 7.98±0,0012; 8.43±0.0019 and 5.70±0.0013 cPs. Dry time of Spray Gel Film of Vernonia amygdalina 1;2;4% extract were 1.47±0.0013; 1.50±0.0010; and 1.56±0.0010 minutes. The wound healing was evaluated using diabetic Wistar rats by measuring daily wound diameter. The result showed at a concentration 1%; 2%; 4% the percentage diameter of wound healing were 81.52±±0.06; 82.28±±0.05; and 100±±0.00 %. They were effective for wound healer in diabetic rats and it had antibacterial activities
Evaluation of drug services based on prescription indicators and patient care according to who at the hospital general practitioner (GP) outpatient clinic in Depok, Indonesia
Full text linkThe World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescription and patient care indicators, accompanied by optimal benchmarks, aimed at promoting the rational and optimal medicine use. This study aims to evaluate drug services utilizing WHO prescription and patient care indicators at the hospital General Practitioner (GP) outpatient clinic. The research was conducted retrospectively for prescription indicators, consisting of 1505 prescriptions totaling 4647 medication items administered for 804 individuals between January and December 2022. Prospective data collection to evaluate patient care was conducted from April to May 2023. Evaluation of WHO prescription indicators yielded the following results: the average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 3.09 ± 2.00; the percentage of drug prescribed by generic drug names was 47.47%; the percentage of antibiotic prescriptions was 5.46%; the percentage of injectable drug prescriptions was 6.80%; and the percentage of prescriptions in accordance with the national formulary was 75.91%. The percentages of antibiotic and injectable drug prescriptions met the optimal WHO prescription values. In terms of patient care, the results showed that the average duration of a medical consultation was 12.44±8.1 minutes, the average duration of a drug dispensing was 45.65±28.8 minutes, 96.25% of the drugs were dispensed appropriately, 100% of the drugs were labeled adequately, and 78.78% of the patients were knowledgeable. Age (p=0.111) and gender (p=0.075) showed no significant correlation with patient knowledge. There was a significant relationship between education level (p=0.014) and patient knowledge. Prescription and patient care indicators are aspects of improvement to meet the optimal benchmarks according to WHO standards
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) improves extraction and antioxidant activity of stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb.
Full text linkGarcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. is a plant belonging to the Clusiaceae family, and commonly dicovered in Southeast and South Asia. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of eight natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in extracting total xanthones and phenolic compounds from the stem bark using ultrasound-assisted extraction as there is limited research on the use of NaDES in this plant extraction process. The study also examined their antioxidant properties. The NaDES were synthesized with choline chloride and betaine as hydrogen-bond acceptors, accompanied by various acids, alcohols, and glucose as hydrogen-bond donors. In comparison, ethanol was used as standard solvent. The NaDES exhibited higher densities than water, ranging from 1.059 to 1.244 g/cm³, with density increasing according to the number of hydroxyl groups present in the constituents. The total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 22.82 to 28.73 mg GAE/g extract, with NaDES1 (a combination of choline chloride, 1,2-propanediol, and water in a ratio of 1:3:1) showing the highest TPC at 28.73±0.18 mg GAE/g extract. It also exhibited significant antioxidant activities, as demonstrated by DPPH (28.98±0.03 µg/mL) and FRAP assays (43.66±1.51 mmol trolox/g dw). A significant negative correlation was observed between total xanthone, total phenolic content, and IC50 values. These findings suggest that NaDES, particularly NaDES1, have considerable advantages in extracting phenolic compounds and xanthones from G. cowa stem bark, resulting in enhanced antioxidant properties.This highlights the potential of NaDES as eco-friendly and effective solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials
Anticancer activity of Stichopus vastus extract against MCF-7 and HeLa cells from Natuna waters
Full text linkSea cucumbers (Stichopus vastus) contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties, making them a promising alternative raw material for pharmaceutical development. This study aimed to isolate and fractionate bioactive compounds from S. vastus and evaluate their anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. Isolation was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and cytotoxic activity was assessed in vitro using the MTT assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. IC₅₀ values were calculated through linear regression analysis. The methanol extract exhibited IC₅₀ values of 13.50 µg/mL (HeLa) and 17.25 µg/mL (MCF-7), indicating active anticancer potential. The n-hexane fraction showed IC₅₀ values of 10.09 µg/mL (HeLa) and 15.11 µg/mL (MCF-7), also categorized as active. Notably, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated superior activity, with an IC₅₀ of 7.00 µg/mL against HeLa (very active) and 13.32 µg/mL against MCF-7 (active). These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. vastus holds significant promise as an anticancer agent, particularly against HeLa cells
Assessment on the antioxidant, photoprotective, and antimicrobial properties of Siraitia grosvenorii
Full text linkExogenous antioxidants from plant-based sources, such as polyphenols, show potential in maintaining a balance of cellular oxidation in biological systems. Additionally, the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the harmful effects of UV radiation on skin necessitate the exploration of medicinal plants for drug development and photoprotective agents. This study specifically focused on Siraitia grosvenorii or Luo Han Guo, and aimed to assess its phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photoprotective properties. The study involved the preparation of Siraitia grosvenorii extracts from seeds and fruit peels, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3, evaluation of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and analysis of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli using turbidity assays. Photoprotective activity was examined by calculating the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a UV spectrophotometer and a normalized function. The results showed that fruit peel of Siraitia grosvenorii had a higher total phenolic content than the seed, and no significant difference in flavonoid content between seed and fruit peel extract. Additionally, Siraitia grosvenorii fruit peel and seed had low SPF value and DPPH reduction. Both fruit peel and seed showed highest antimicrobial activity at the concentration of 100 ppm
The role of pharmacist counseling for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impact on blood glucose control and quality of life at RSUD Pasar Minggu
Full text linkQuality of life is an important aspect for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pharmacist counseling is a non-pharmacological effort that can be provided to improve quality of life and control blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of pharmacist-led therapeutic counseling for T2DM patients on improving their quality of life and reducing blood glucose levels. The study used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design, with pretest and posttest assessments conducted before and after the intervention at RSUD Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta. A total of 194 T2DM patients participated in the study, with 97 patients in both the intervention and control groups. Quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS questionnaires, along with fasting blood glucose levels. Measurements were taken three times: before the intervention, and one month and two months after the intervention. Paired data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, while unpaired data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 0.05. Counseling significantly improved EQ-5D-5L scores (Δ=0.06; p<0.001) and EQ-VAS scores (Δ=6.40; p<0.001), as well as reduced fasting blood glucose levels (Δ=-12.10 mg/dL; p<0.001) in the intervention group after the intervention. The impact of counseling was particularly significant in the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression domains. However, no significant correlation was found between quality of life and fasting blood glucose levels in this study (p>0.05). Pharmacist counseling conducted at RSUD Pasar Minggu had a positive and significant impact on improving the quality of life and treatment outcomes related to blood glucose reduction