JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Effectiveness of Artocarpus heterophyllus lamk. serum in eliminating dark spot in the guinea pig melasma model due to UV-a exposure
Full text linkIndonesia's high UV-A exposure significantly contributes to skin hyperpigmentation conditions such as melasma. This study investigated the effectiveness of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) leaf serum in reducing dark spots in a guinea pig model of melasma induced by UV-A radiation. Crude extracts were prepared and purified from Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) leaves, then formulated into serums at 4% and 5% concentrations. These formulations underwent physical quality evaluations, including organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, spread ability, adhesion, and viscosity. Anti-hyperpigmentation effects were assessed using Masson Fontana staining on UV-A-exposed guinea pigs treated for 14 days. The results demonstrated a reduction in melanin content, with mean values of 17.97±1.68 (negative control), 1.17±0.28 (positive control), 3.56±2.77 (4% serum), and 2.56±1.25 (5% serum). Histological analysis showed that fibroblast proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia were significantly reduced with serum treatment. These effects are attributed to the flavonoid content in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) leaves, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis properties. In conclusion, Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) leaf serum, particularly at 5% concentration, is effective in reducing melasma-related hyperpigmentation and may offer a safer alternative to synthetic treatments
Statin prescribing pattern and the outcomes for acute coronary syndrome as primary and secondary prevention: a comprehensive review
Full text linkCardiovascular disease is the highest rate of total burden non-communicable disease worldwide in these 5 recent years. Reducing the LDL-c level is closely related to reducing the risk of cardiovascular events recurrences among Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients. This study aims to explore the statin prescribing pattern among the ACS population and population at risk of ACS and to sum up the reported clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, or quality of life-related to statin utilization. The literature searching was conducted by using PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2020 to December 2021. Ten eligible studies were included, examining outcomes such as Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Atorvastatin emerged as the most frequently prescribed statin for both primary and secondary prevention. In high-risk ACS populations, the delayed or underutilization of high-intensity statins led to suboptimal cardiovascular outcomes. Conversely, early administration, particularly within 48 hours post-event or post-PCI, significantly reduced MACE. Importantly, low to moderate intensity statin regimens showed cost-effectiveness primarily among low-risk ACS groups only when treatment was fully subsidized. In settings without government coverage, statin inaccessibility may affect the increased of recurrent events and elevated healthcare costs. The strategic use of statins—especially timely initiation and risk-based intensity selection—offers measurable benefits in reducing cardiovascular events. However, the lack of universal healthcare coverage for statin therapy in low- to middle-income settings presents a substantial barrier to cost-effective care, particularly for high-risk individuals. These findings underscore the need for policy interventions and expanded access to guideline-directed statin therapy
Evaluation of the combination patch of betel leaf extract (Piper sp.) - ultrasonic assisted extraction as a transdermal delivery system on fibroblast cell formation and collagen density
Full text linkThe combination of red betel (Piper crocatum) and green betel (Piper betle L.) leaves is believed to act synergistically in enhancing wound healing. Transdermal patches offer advantages over conventional topical forms due to their sustained drug release, ease of application, and prolonged therapeutic effect. This study evaluated the histopathological effects of a combination patch containing betel leaf extracts for incision wound treatment in Wistar rats. The studies used an true experimental post-test-only control group design, five groups were tested: a blank patch (K−), a povidone-iodine patch (K+), and combination extract patches at concentrations of 7.5% (K1), 15% (K2), and 30% (K3), applied over 14 days with six animals per group. Patch characteristics were assessed through organoleptic tests, thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, and pH, while wound healing was evaluated through histological analysis of fibroblast cell counts and collagen density. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests. The 30% combination patch (K3) showed the most significant healing effect, with fibroblast counts exceeding 50 cells and dense collagen formation scoring +3. These results indicate that a transdermal patch combining Piper crocatum and Piper betle L. extracts effectively promotes wound healing by enhancing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
Bibliometric analysis on pharmaceutical care publications in Southeast Asia: prospective research trends
Full text linkStudies related to bibliometric analysis have been conducted globally to determine the development of pharmaceutical care. However, the prospective trends of scientific research associated with pharmaceutical care in Southeast Asia remain unclear. This study sets out to analyze and compare the results of pharmaceutical care research in Southeast Asian countries in terms of bibliometric indices. An investigation on the main electronic database Scopus was conducted for research purposes on pharmacy care in Southeast Asia until August 6, 2023. The analysis derived from the investigation included an evaluation of published document by year; lead author; country or territory, institutional affiliation, document type, subject area analysis; citation and co-citation analysis; journals that published the most articles, and the most researched topics. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were utilized to conduct a qualitative analysis on this dataset. This study adopted the co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis and keyword analysis in order to gain an insight onto the research prospects and trends in pharmaceutical care. A total of 1,261 studies correlating to pharmaceutical care in Southeast Asia met the criteria for qualitative analysis. The top three countries with the highest number of publications were Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Malaysia had the highest citation count (n=4670, 27.45%), followed by Thailand (n=3292, 19.35%), and Vietnam (n=3096, 18.20%). From networks of co-authorship analysis of authors, there were no collaborations found among authors in Southeast Asia. Prospective research analyzing keywords related to the theme of pharmaceutical care includes pharmacy practice, medication adherence, and qualitative research. Bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive view of the field and status of pharmaceutical care research to develop prospective future trends and collaborations in Southeast Asia. A bibliometric analysis suggests that stronger teamwork among Southeast Asian researchers is crucial for future advancements
Evaluation of antipsychotic utilization among outpatient schizoprenia patients at the mental health facility in West Java
Full text linkRational use of drugs aims to give therapy according to patient’s clinical needs. Based on Ni komang's research (2021) there are still inaccuracies in the use of antipsychotic drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the evaluation of the use of Antipsychotics based on the parameters of right indications, drugs, dosage, and frequency in outpatient schizophrenia patients at the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital. The study used a method with descriptive presentation of data and retrospective data collection. Data obtained period October-December 2022 from 130 patients, this study evaluated the use of Antipsychotics with the parameters of right indications, drugs, dosage, and frequency then the data will be analyzed based on the criteria for drug use from Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach 11th and PIONAS. The results of the study on the use of Antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients at the Java Provincial Mental Hospital based on Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach 11th and PIONAS obtained the right indications as much as (100%), the right drugs (100%), the right dose (98%), and the right frequency (98%)
Analysis of pharmaceutical service improvement based IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) at pharmacy Kimia Farma Ijen, Malang
Full text linkPharmaceutical services are direct and responsible services to patients related to pharmacy to achieve real results and improve patients' quality of life. This study aims to analyze the improvement of pharmaceutical services at the Kimia Farma 36 Ijen Pharmacy using the IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) method. The method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach through questionnaire instruments. The SERVQUAL (Service Quality) model was used to measure the pharmaceutical service questionnaire. Sampling by the Accidental sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to patients or families of patients who redeem prescriptions at the Pharmacy in February 2023. The questionnaire refers to the research of Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry adapted to the research context in the pharmacy. The dimensions are empathy, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and tangibility, which are divided into importance and performance. The IPA method will analyze performance as the X axis and Importance as the Y. The results show that the service aspects require urgent improvement to improve service quality and patient satisfaction. Aspects that need to be improved include product completeness, the physical appearance of the pharmacy building, cleanliness, comfort, and neatness of the pharmacy, as well as the appearance and service of pharmacy officers. Overall, the results of this analysis provide clear guidance on the priorities for improvements that need to be made at Pharmacy Kimia Farma 36 Ijen
Characteristic and therapeutic effect of lemongrass leaf encapsulation with a different ratio of chitosan and NaTPP
Full text linkThe lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) in Indonesia has great potential as a natural ingredient for medicines because it contains various compounds such as neral, citral, geranial acetate, flavonoids, and tannins. Previous research has demonstrated various pharmacological activities of kitchen lemongrass leaves, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. Encapsulation technology in the form of chitosan-NaTPP nanoparticles is used to maintain the activity of kitchen lemongrass leaf compounds. This research aims to determine the physical characteristics of the encapsulation of kitchen lemongrass leaf extract with several comparisons of chitosan and NaTPP by testing PSA (particle size analysis test), FTIR (functional group analysis test), viscosity, and stability, including pH and turbidity tests. Encapsulation with a 1:1 ratio of chitosan and NaTPP has a particle size of 524 nm and a PdI value of 0.481, classified as monodisperse (PdI <0.7). The pH value ranges from 6.46 to 7.30, and the viscosity value was 2.134–2.169 cP, which is still within mouthwash standards. The turbidity test showed stable encapsulation results. Therefore, encapsulation with a 1:1 ratio of chitosan and NaTPP is the most optimal choice and has potential for developing the therapeutic effect of mouthwash
Formulation of a peel-off gel mask containing mundu fruit extract (Garcinia dulcis (roxb.) kurz) for antioxidant and anti-elastase activity
Full text linkThe skin serves as a protective barrier against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, exposure to UV radiation can lead to various skin problems, including changes in the dermis. To prevent UV-induced damage, antioxidants and anti-elastase agents are needed to protect the skin from oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-elastase activities of Mundu fruit extract (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz) and to formulate a peel-off gel mask using the concentrated extract. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the FRAP and ABTS methods, while anti-elastase activity was determined by measuring the release of p-nitroaniline from a substrate degraded by the elastase enzyme. The results showed that the IC50 value for antioxidant activity using the ABTS method is 29.57 ppm 0.72, and the FRAP value was 185.02 10.23 AAE/g. The anti-elastase activity showed IC50 of 82.21 ppm. Three peel-off gel mask formulations were developed, with Formula 3 (containing extract at 200 x IC50). showing the best performance. These findings suggest that the thick Mundu fruit extract, which tested positive for phenolic compounds, exhibits promising antioxidant and anti-elastase activities and is suitable for use in topical formulations
Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in topical preparations: a narrative review of components, manufacturing methods, characteristics and activities
Full text linkNanostructured Lipid Carries NLCs have gained attention in formulation science and nanotechnology due to their biocompatible material and ability to enhance skin penetration. The goal is to create products that can effectively deliver active compounds to desired skin layers with minimal side effects. This review focuses on the use of functionalized NLCs in dermocosmetics, specifically looking at their composition, manufacturing method, characteristics, and role in delivering active compounds. The review obtained articles from databases such as Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, covering the years 2014-2024. Data search was conducted in May 2024. The search used keywords such as "NLC OR formulation OR dermal OR activity”. By considering factors such as NLC composition, manufacturing method, and impact on compound delivery, researchers aim to optimize NLCs for use in topical preparations. This research contributes to the development of dermocosmetics that can address various skin problems more effectively. The search results from 32 articles gave an overview of the widely used NLC components: solid lipids: glycerol monostearate, compitrol 888 ATO, and tristearin; liquid lipids: myglyol, transcutol, and oleic acid; surfactants: poysorbat 80 and polysorbate 20. The widely used methods were ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization. Frequently performed characterizations include particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and Entrapment Efficiency (EE). The pharmacological activity of active components loaded into NLCs increased than without NLCs. The active ingredient formulated in NLC can produce better activity compared to the active substance formulated directly in the conventional preparation. The application of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) nanoparticles on the skin is very beneficial. These nano systems have shown promising results and more commercial formulations, so it is expected to be done in further research
Evaluation of the rationality of drugs use inpatient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of 2023 at Hospital Y Depok
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by failure to control blood glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a condition of hyperglycemia caused by the failure of insulin to maintain balanced blood sugar levels. If T2DM is not treated it will cause complications. One way to control T2DM is the rational use of antidiabetic drugs. This study aims to look at the demographic data of inpatients with T2DM, patterns of drug use, rationality for drug use, and the relationship between the rationality of drug use and therapeutic outcomes in inpatients with T2DM at Hospital Y Depok for the period 2023. The outcome evaluated is a random blood sugar test. The research method was carried out descriptively and inferentially with a cross-sectional design. There were 122 samples that met the inclusion criteria, women predominantly suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus (50.89%). The most common age range was 46-65 years (64.56%). As many as 84.31% of patients used the JKN payment method. The most widely used class of type 2 diabetes mellitus medication is insulin. In evaluating the rationality of using type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs, the rationality results were 99.49% correct drug, 100% correct dose, and 98.73% correct administration. The results of statistical tests show that there is a correlation between the rationality of drug use and clinical outcomes p-value 0.001