674 research outputs found
Hepatitis B-core antibody positive donors in Liver Trasplantation and their impact on graft survival:Evidence from the Liver Match cohort study
No full textBackground 82 Aims:The appropriate allocation of grafts from HBcAb positive donors in liver transplantation is crucial,yet a consensus is still lacking
Corrigendum to: A Network of Psychopathological, Cognitive, and Motor Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
No full textCorrigendum to "A Network of Psychopathological, Cognitive, and Motor Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders" by Moura et al. Schizophr Bull. 2021; doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab002. In the originally published version of this manuscript, there were a number of errors in the author list. The author "Hanneke Wigman" should have appeared as "Johanna T. W. Wigman" The author "Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators" have appeared as the fifth author, not the last author. Johanna T.W. Wigman should have had a second affiliation: "Rob Giel Onderzoekscentrum, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands "
Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism.
No full textBackground
Apixaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor that can be administered in a simple, fixed-dose
regimen, may be an option for the extended treatment of venous thromboembolism.
Methods
In this randomized, double-blind study, we compared two doses of apixaban (2.5 mg
and 5 mg, twice daily) with placebo in patients with venous thromboembolism who
had completed 6 to 12 months of anticoagulation therapy and for whom there was
clinical equipoise regarding the continuation or cessation of anticoagulation therapy.
The study drugs were administered for 12 months.
Results
A total of 2486 patients underwent randomization, of whom 2482 were included in
the intention-to-treat analyses. Symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism
or death from venous thromboembolism occurred in 73 of the 829 patients (8.8%)
who were receiving placebo, as compared with 14 of the 840 patients (1.7%) who
were receiving 2.5 mg of apixaban (a difference of 7.2 percentage points; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 5.0 to 9.3) and 14 of the 813 patients (1.7%) who were receiving
5 mg of apixaban (a difference of 7.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.9 to 9.1)
(P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rates of major bleeding were 0.5% in the placebo
group, 0.2% in the 2.5-mg apixaban group, and 0.1% in the 5-mg apixaban
group. The rates of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding were 2.3% in the placebo
group, 3.0% in the 2.5-mg apixaban group, and 4.2% in the 5-mg apixaban group.
The rate of death from any cause was 1.7% in the placebo group, as compared with
0.8% in the 2.5-mg apixaban group and 0.5% in the 5-mg apixaban group.
Conclusions
Extended anticoagulation with apixaban at either a treatment dose (5 mg) or a
thromboprophylactic dose (2.5 mg) reduced the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism
without increasing the rate of major bleeding. (Funded by Bristol-Myers
Squibb and Pfizer; AMPLIFY-EXT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00633893.
Oral Apixaban for the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism.
No full textBackground Apixaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor administered in fixed doses, may
simplify the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Methods In this randomized,
double-blind study, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 10 mg twice daily for 7
days, followed by 5 mg twice daily for 6 months) with conventional therapy
(subcutaneous enoxaparin, followed by warfarin) in 5395 patients with acute
venous thromboembolism. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent symptomatic
venous thromboembolism or death related to venous thromboembolism. The principal
safety outcomes were major bleeding alone and major bleeding plus clinically
relevant nonmajor bleeding. Results The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 59
of 2609 patients (2.3%) in the apixaban group, as compared with 71 of 2635 (2.7%)
in the conventional-therapy group (relative risk, 0.84; 95% confidence interval
[CI], 0.60 to 1.18; difference in risk [apixaban minus conventional therapy],
-0.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.3 to 0.4). Apixaban was noninferior to
conventional therapy (P<0.001) for predefined upper limits of the 95% confidence
intervals for both relative risk (<1.80) and difference in risk (<3.5 percentage
points). Major bleeding occurred in 0.6% of patients who received apixaban and in
1.8% of those who received conventional therapy (relative risk, 0.31; 95% CI,
0.17 to 0.55; P<0.001 for superiority). The composite outcome of major bleeding
and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 4.3% of the patients in the
apixaban group, as compared with 9.7% of those in the conventional-therapy group
(relative risk, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.55; P<0.001). Rates of other adverse
events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions A fixed-dose regimen of
apixaban alone was noninferior to conventional therapy for the treatment of acute
venous thromboembolism and was associated with significantly less bleeding
(Funded by Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number,
NCT00643201 )
Childhood maltreatment and chronic ‘all over’ body pain in adulthood : a counterfactual analysis using UK Biobank
No full textThe investigators on the CAPE consortium are: Tim Hales, Lesley Colvin, Douglas Steele, 11 Andrew Brown (University of Dundee), Gary Macfarlane (University of Aberdeen), Bhuvaneish Selvaraj, Colin Smith (University of Edinburgh), Line Caes (Stirling University), Reecha Sofat, Suellen Walker, Debajit Sen, Madeleine Verriotis (University College London) while the Chronic Pain Advisory Group includes Carolyn Graham, Maureen O’Reilly and Debs Smith, among others. We thank Jisha Babu (University of Aberdeen) for her work involved in administration in relation to access to data as part of this programme of work. Thanks also to Marcus Beasley and John McBeth for advice on analyses. The authors do not report any conflicts of interest. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.Peer reviewe
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation and stroke : implications for management
No full textNonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation is more prevalent with increasing age. It is associated with a six-fold excess risk of stroke; and a cumulative lifetime stroke risk of 35%. 15% of ischaemic strokes are directly attributable to it. Five trials have established the safety of warfarin in reducing the risk by 70% in well selected patients, with stringent monitoring. Thromboembolism, cardiac failure, hypertension and echocardiographic abnormalities identify higher risk patients. The management of NVAF is changing from rate control, to cardioversion and anticoagulation (or use of antithrombotics) to reduce the embolic risk.peer-reviewe
Project Retrosight. Understanding the returns from cardiovascular and stroke research: Case Studies
No full textCopyright @ 2011 RAND Europe. All rights reserved. The full text article is available via the link below.This project explores the impacts arising from cardiovascular and stroke research funded 15-20 years ago and attempts to draw out aspects of the research, researcher or environment that are associated with high or low impact. The project is a case study-based review of 29 cardiovascular and stroke research grants, funded in Australia, Canada and UK between 1989 and 1993. The case studies focused on the individual grants but considered the development of the investigators and ideas involved in the research projects from initiation to the present day. Grants were selected through a stratified random selection approach that aimed to include both high- and low-impact grants. The key messages are as follows: 1) The cases reveal that a large and diverse range of impacts arose from the 29 grants studied. 2) There are variations between the impacts derived from basic biomedical and clinical research. 3) There is no correlation between knowledge production and wider impacts 4) The majority of economic impacts identified come from a minority of projects. 5) We identified factors that appear to be associated with high and low impact. This report presents the key observations of the study and an overview of the methods involved. It has been written for funders of biomedical and health research and health services, health researchers, and policy makers in those fields. It will also be of interest to those involved in research and impact evaluation.This study was initiated with internal funding from RAND Europe and HERG, with continuing funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The UK Stroke Association and the British Heart Foundation provided support in kind through access to their archives
Transparent author credit
No full text
Authorship on papers is one of the major currencies of the scientific enterprise.
Nevertheless, the contributions of different authors to a given paper have
remained relatively opaque. Contributions are generally inferred from the order
of authors, and implications of position on the authorship list vary between
different investigators and scientific fields. A year ago, a group of editors
and publishers across a wide range of disciplines met to discuss how to provide
a more systemic solution to make author contributions more transparent. This
week, their recommendations have been released (
www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1715374115
), and I applaud
this effort and urge the wide adoption of this system.
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DNA Glycosylases Involved in Base Excision Repair May Be Associated with Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.
No full textSingle Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be
associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose
polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p,0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03– 1.16), p = 2.761023) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95%CI: 1.03–1.21,
p = 4.861023). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/ 2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied
Who am I? Analysing Digital Personas in Cybercrime Investigations
No full textOnline cybercrime activities often involve criminals hiding behind multiple identities (so-called digital personas). Unraveling these multiple digital personas is a non-trivial problem owing to the large amounts of text communicated in online social media and the large numbers of digital personas involved. The cognitive load for cybercrime investigators is immense { existing tools lack the sophisticated capabilities required to analyse digital personas in order to provide investigators with clues to the identity of the individual or group hiding behind one or more personas. In this article, we present the Isis toolkit which addresses this very problem
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