REPISALUD (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
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Nuevos mecanismos de asesoramiento científico en el Gobierno: una mirada desde la emergencia sanitaria.
No full textIncluye: PDF de la presentación y video del seminario.La sesión tiene como objeto dar a conocer los nuevos mecanismos de asesoramiento científico establecidos en diferentes puntos del gobierno y que pueden ser activados en caso de emergencia para la salud pública. Se explica la creación y las actividades de la Oficina Nacional de Asesoramiento Científico (ONAC) adscrita a Presidencia de Gobierno.N
Beyond the plate: Genomic characterization of an extensive school Clostridium perfringens type F outbreak.
No full textObjectives: Clostridium perfringens is one of the leading causes of food-borne outbreaks (FBO). This study explores the epidemiological and genomic features of a major FBO occurred in a Spanish school in 2023. Methods: Through genomic analysis, the virulence factors and relatedness of C. perfringens strains involved in a widespread gastroenteritis outbreak were identified RESULTS: The FBO had a unimodal epidemic curve, affecting 526 people. The likely source was the meat in Bolognese sauce. The clinical strains, which belonged to two different clonal lineages (ST-804/cgST-804 and ST5/cgST-801), carried a wide virulence profile with multiple toxins including CPA, enterotoxin CPE, cytolytic toxin CPB2, perfringolysin, collagenase A, clostripain, hyaluronidases (NagHIJKL) and sialidases (NanIHJ). FBO strains of C. perfringens type F carry the cpe gene on the chromosome rather than on a plasmid. However, during this outbreak, the cpe gene, encoding the CPE enterotoxin, was mobilized by a pCPF4969-like plasmid. Susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin was retained. Distinct phage repertoires were observed in both lineages. Conclusions: This is the first genomic study of a C. perfringens FBO in Spain, suggesting a multiple contamination sources in the same outbreak. The findings underscore substantial public health concerns related to food safety practices within large-scale user facilities.This research was funded in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (https://www.aei.gob.es/) grant PID2021127477OBI00/MPY-302/22 via Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación. M.V. is contracted via grant PEJ CAM 2021-/TL/BMD-21100 from the Programa Operativo Empleo Juvenil e Iniciativa Empleo Juvenil (YEI).S
Hacer epidemiología desde la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE), con y más allá del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE).
No full textIncluye: PDF de la presentación y video del seminario.Se presenta la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE) y sus sinergias con el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Concretamente, se discutirán aspectos como el convenio ISCIII-SEE, la misión y valores de la SEE, composición de junta directiva y perfil de personas socias, grupos de trabajo, influencia en políticas de salud, sociedades afiliadas, actividades como jornadas en el ISCIII, publicación de documentos, y congresos, comunicación y ventajas para personas socias
Viruses Previously Classified as CRF146_BC, a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 Recently Reported in Brazil, Represent Different Recombinant Forms, One of Which Is Circulating in Spain.
No full textThe sequences newly obtained in the study are available in GenBank under accessions PX661829-PX661845.Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Previous studies have reported the propagation of diverse HIV-1 CRFs of South American origin in Europe. Here, through protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) and integrase sequence analyses, we identify a Spanish cluster (BC3) branching with a Brazilian virus (10BR_RJ009) previously classified as CRF146_BC. In Pr-RT, BC3 comprised 14 viruses and was nested within a larger cluster, comprising 22 Brazilian viruses and 1 Spanish virus branching outside of BC3. Near full-length genome analyses of five BC3 viruses revealed mosaic structures identical to 10BR_RJ009, with two breakpoints delimiting a ~0.3 kb subtype B fragment within an otherwise subtype C genome. Two other Brazilian viruses previously classified as CRF146_BC (10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69) had one and two additional short subtype B fragments, respectively, and failed to group with the 10BR_RJ009/BC3 cluster in subtype C fragments. Based on these results, we contend that 10BR_RJ009 and BC3 viruses, but not 10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69, should be classified as CRF146_BC. Bayesian analyses estimated the CRF146_BC emergence in Brazil to be around 1999 and its introduction in Europe around 2011. CRF146_BC is the 10th CRF of South American origin reported to circulate in Europe, reflecting the relationship between South American and European HIV-1 epidemics.This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant numbers PICIII16/00033, PI19CIII/00042, and PI22CIII/00065, and by scientific agreements with Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Government of Basque Country (MVI 1001/16), and with Consellería de Sanidade, Government of Galicia (MVI 281/22).S
Association between arsenic levels in toenails and urine and prostate cancer risk: Findings from the MCC-Spain study.
No full textBackground: Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in the environment. Chronic exposure to As has been associated with the development of several types of cancer. However, its role in prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between As exposure and the risk of PC, considering different clinical tumour classifications and genetic susceptibility, and to compare biomarkers that may reflect distinct exposure windows. Methods: We included 345 incident cases and 468 controls with available data on both urinary and toenail As concentrations within the MCC-Spain project. Toenail and urinary As levels were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. Genetic susceptibility was assessed using a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Associations between As exposure and PC were examined using mixed-effects and multinomial logistic regression models. Results: Higher toenail As concentrations were associated with increased risk of PC [odds ratio (OR) comparing the fourth to first quartile: 1.94; 95 % confidence interval (CI):1.23-3.06]. Stratified analyses by tumor classification showed consistent risk increases for advanced and aggressive tumors [ISUP3-5 Relative risk ratio (RRR) quartile 4vs.1: 2.86 (1.16-7.06); AJCC IIB-IV RRR: 2.58 (1.48-4.50); cT2-cT4 RRR: 3.05 (1.55-5.99)]. No clear association was found with urinary As concentrations. Interaction analyses showed no evidence of effect modification by PRS. Conclusion: Elevated toenail As levels were associated with an increased risk of PC, especially in advanced disease, suggesting that toenails represent a more reliable biomarker for assessing long-term As exposure.The study was supported by the “Acción Transversal del Cáncer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the October 11, 2007, by the Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants, co-funded by FEDER funds -a way to build Europe- PI08/1770, PI09/0773, PI12/00715, PI09/1903, PI09/2078; PI09/1662; PI11/01403; PI12/00150; PI12/00488; PI15/00914; PI17CIII_00034; by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla grant API 10/09, by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía grant 2009-S0143, by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana grant AP061/10, by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias, by the University of Oviedo and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Juan de la Cierva de Incorporación grant IJCI-2014-20900.S
Vigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) en España. Gripe, COVID-19 y otros virus respiratorios. Semana 04/2026 (del 19 de enero al 25 de enero de 2026).
No full textInforme elaborado por el Grupo de Vigilancia de la Gripe. Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. En la elaboración de este Informe ha participado el Grupo de Vigilancia de Gripe y otros virus respiratorios, el Grupo de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria del Área de Vigilancia de la Salud Pública del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) y el Laboratorio de gripe y virus respiratorios del Centro Nacional de Microbiología (Instituto de Salud Carlos III). Este informe es el resultado del trabajo de todos los integrantes del Sistema de Vigilancia de infecciones respiratorias agudas en España (SiVIRA).A nivel sindrómico, la tasa de IRAs a nivel nacional es de 528,8 casos/100.000 habitantes (572,5 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa), habiendo superado en la 39/2025 el umbral epidémico y presentando una intensidad baja. La tasa de síndrome gripal es de 35,6 casos/100.000 habitantes (56 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa), situándose justo por debajo del umbral epidémico y dejando una epidemia gripal desarrollada entre las semanas 47/2025 y 03/2026 con un pico de intensidad media. La tasa de COVID-19 (síndrome) es de 2,1 casos/100.000 habitantes (2,4 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa) y la de bronquitis y bronquiolitis en menores de 5 años de 410,7 casos/100.000 habitantes (273 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El porcentaje de positividad es de 18,1% para gripe (26,5% en la semana previa), 0,3% para SARS-CoV-2 (0,5% en la semana previa) y 19,7% para VRS (17,3% en la semana previa). El proxy de gripe (IRAs x positividad a gripe) estima una incidencia de gripe de 95,7 casos/100.000 habitantes (151,7 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El proxy de COVID-19 (IRAs x positividad a COVID-19) estima una incidencia de COVID-19 de 1,6 casos/100.000 habitantes (2,9 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El proxy de VRS (IRAs x positividad a VRS) estima una incidencia de VRS de 104,2 casos/100.000 habitantes (99 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa).N
Vigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) en España. Gripe, COVID-19 y otros virus respiratorios. Semana 02/2026 (del 05 de enero al 11 de enero de 2026).
No full textInforme elaborado por el Grupo de Vigilancia de la Gripe. Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. En la elaboración de este Informe ha participado el Grupo de Vigilancia de Gripe y otros virus respiratorios, el Grupo de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria del Área de Vigilancia de la Salud Pública del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) y el Laboratorio de gripe y virus respiratorios del Centro Nacional de Microbiología (Instituto de Salud Carlos III). Este informe es el resultado del trabajo de todos los integrantes del Sistema de Vigilancia de infecciones respiratorias agudas en España (SiVIRA).A nivel sindrómico, la tasa de IRAs a nivel nacional es de 606,7 casos/100.000 habitantes (553,6 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa), habiendo superado en la 39/2025 el umbral epidémico y presentando una intensidad baja. La tasa de síndrome gripal es de 75,3 casos/100.000 habitantes (83,9 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa), correspondiendo con una intensidad epidémica baja desde la semana 52/2025, tras superarse el umbral epidémico en la semana 47/2025 y registrarse una intensidad epidémica media entre las semanas 49 y 51/2025. La tasa de COVID-19 (síndrome) es de 2,3 casos/100.000 habitantes (2,1 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa) y la de bronquitis y bronquiolitis en menores de 5 años de 280,4 casos/100.000 habitantes (299,8 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El porcentaje de positividad es de 28,8% para gripe (34,9% en la semana previa), 1,2% para SARS-CoV-2 (0,4% en la semana previa) y 14,2% para VRS (11,2% en la semana previa). El proxy de gripe (IRAs x positividad a gripe) estima una incidencia de gripe de 174,7 casos/100.000 habitantes (193,2 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El proxy de COVID-19 (IRAs x positividad a COVID-19) estima una incidencia de COVID-19 de 7,3 casos/100.000 habitantes (2,2 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa). El proxy de VRS (IRAs x positividad a VRS) estima una incidencia de VRS de 86,2 casos/100.000 habitantes (62 casos/100.000 habitantes en la semana previa).N
Exposición ambiental y laboral a sustancias contaminantes y densidad mamográfica.
No full textIncluye: PDF de la presentación y video del seminario.Esta presentación analiza la relación entre la densidad mamográfica (DM), un marcador de riesgo de cáncer de mama, y diversos factores ambientales y laborales en mujeres premenopáusicas de Madrid. La investigación evalúa cómo influyen las ocupaciones, la proximidad a instalaciones industriales y la exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos o al tráfico en la DM. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en la densidad mamográfica de las mujeres que residían en las proximidades de determinadas industrias y clusters específicos. Sin embargo, no se observaron asociaciones significativas entre la DM y el tráfico, los contaminantes atmosféricos específicos ni las ocupaciones.N
pDCs amplify tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell responses during viral reinfection.
No full textResident memory CD8+ T cells (Trms) are essential for protecting barrier nonlymphoid tissues (NLTs) against reinfection, yet the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in this process and the nature of Trm-DC interactions within these tissues remain poorly understood. Our study demonstrates that upon reactivation, memory CD8+ T cells located in the skin-independently of circulating memory counterparts-initiate the infiltration and maturation of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the tissue. This, in turn, promotes the maturation of conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) through type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling in a pDC-dependent manner. Depletion of pDCs or blocking IFN-I signaling disrupts this axis, severely impairing Trm-driven protection against secondary infections with vaccinia virus (VACV) in the skin. Notably, this pDC-dependent, IFN-I-mediated pathway is also essential for Trm-mediated protection against secondary respiratory infections with influenza A virus (IAV). Our findings uncover a crucial collaboration between Trm, pDCs, and cDC1s, offering new insights for enhancing vaccines.Funding for Salvador Iborra: PID2021-125415OB-I00 grant from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), co-funded by
European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), European Union (EU). Funding for the David Sancho lab: CNIC core funding.
Grants PID2022-137712OB-I00, CPP2021-008310, and CPP2022-009762 from AEI/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN),
co-funded by FEDER, EU. Comunidad de Madrid (P2022/BMD-7333 INMUNOVAR-CM). Scientific Foundation of the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC-PRYGN246642SANC). Worldwide Cancer Research (WWCR-25-0080). European Union ERC-2023-PoC. Research agreement with Inmunotek Ltd., “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/PR/HR23/52430012 and LCF/
PR/HR22/52420019). Fellowships: Elena Hernandez-Garc ´ ´ıa: Formación de Personal Investigador (FPI) fellowship (PRE2019-
087509) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. Miguel Gala´n: Formación de Personal Universitario (FPU) fellowship (FPU20/01418) from the Spanish
Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. Sof´ıa C. Khouili: FPU fellowship (FPU16/03142) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. Elena Moya-Ruiz:
Ayuda para la contratación de personal investigador predoctoral en formación 2023 (PIPF-2023/SAL-GL-29932) from the Community of Madrid. Ana Redondo-Urzainqui: Ayuda para la contratación de personal investigador predoctoral en formación 2022 (PIPF-2022/SAL-GL-24581) from the Community of Madrid. Francisco J. Cueto: Sara Borrell grant (CD21/00185) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. Funding for the Santos Mañes lab: PID2023-147125OB-I00 from AEI/MICINN, co-funded by FEDER, UE. The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the MICINN, and the Pro CNIC Foundation. We acknowledge the National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility (contract HHSN272201300006C) for providing tetramers.S
Blood-based Lead Biomarkers And Sarcopenia Indicators In Older Adults
No full textBackground: Chronic exposure to low levels of lead (Pb) remains a widespread public health issue, especially among older adults. While its neurotoxic and cardiovascular effects are well recognized, its potential role in accelerating age-related musculoskeletal decline is less understood. Emerging evidence suggests Pb may contribute to sarcopenia, but epidemiological data, especially regarding the most informative biomarkers of exposure, are limited. Methods:
We analyzed data from 11,842 participants aged ≥60 years across four population-based studies (NHANES III, NHANES 1999-2006, NHANES 2011-2012 and Seniors-ENRICA-2). Sarcopenia indicators included muscle strength (grip strength and chair stand test), muscle mass (Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry, calf circumference and arm circumference), and muscle function (gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery scores). Sarcopenia was defined in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Associations between Pb exposure (serum and whole blood) and sarcopenia indicators were estimated using multivariable regression and meta-analyses. Results: Pb levels were associated with residential environmental exposures such as traffic proximity, industrial emissions, and soil contamination, explaining approximately 11% of variability in whole blood Pb and 9% in serum Pb. Both whole blood and serum Pb showed dose-dependent inverse associations with muscle sarcopenia indicators, including measures of strength, mass, and function. Associations with lower-limb outcomes were generally stronger for serum Pb comparted to whole blood Pb. An interquartile range increase in serum Pb was associated with a 1.33-fold increase in the odds of confirmed or severe sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.02, 1.70), compared to a 1.20-fold increase for whole blood Pb (95% CI: 1.06, 1.36). Conclusions: Environmental Pb exposure is associated with detrimental effects on musculoskeletal health and contributes to sarcopenia in older adults. Serum Pb may be a more sensitive biomarker of musculoskeletal aging than whole blood Pb and should be considered in future research and surveillance strategies.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute, the Secretary of R+D+I, the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (AESI2023 Investigación en Salud PI23CIII/00012 and FIS grant 22/1111); the EU NextGeneration EU / Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (PLEC2022-009352 grant); and the Carlos III Health Institute and Center for Technological Development and Innovation and EU NextGeneration EU/ Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (PMPTA22/00107, PMPTA23/00012, and CPP2022-009718 grants). The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.S