1,066 research outputs found
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Political Instrumentalisation of Islam, Persistent Autocracies, and Obscurantist Deadlock
No full textThe empirical literature has established a strong link between the fact of being a Muslim-dominated country and indicators of political performance and democracy. This suggests the possible existence of a relation between religion, Islam in this instance, and societal characteristics. Bernard Lewis and others have actually argued the case for such a relation, pointing to aspects of the Islamic religion and culture that make the advent of democracy especially difficult. These arguments fall into the general idea of the Clash of civilisations put forward by Samuel Huntington. In this paper, we discuss this sort of argument and show that there is a systematic misconception about the true nature of the relationship between Islam and politics: far from being merged into the religious realm, politics tends to dominate religion. Because of the particular characteristics of Is-lam, namely, the lack of a centralised religious authority structure and the great variability of interpretations of the Islamic law, there is a risk of an obscurantist deadlock in the form of a vicious process whereby both the ruler and his political opponents try to outbid each other by using the religious idiom. This risk looms particularly large in crisis situations accentuated by international factors.
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
“We are against Islam!”: The Lega Nord and the Islamic folk devil
No full text© 2012 the Author(s). This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Without requesting permission from the Author or SAGE, you may further copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the article, with the condition that the Author and SAGE Open are in each case credited as the source of the article.Since 1995, the Italian Lega Nord (LN) political party has depicted itself as the defender of Padania, a territory that covers the mainly affluent regions of Northern Italy. Around this politico-spatial territory, the LN has shaped an identity based on the notion of Popolo Padano (the Padanian People). Since the new millennium, LN rhetoric has increasingly focused—stemming more from the demands of realpolitik than those of conviction—on opposing irregular immigration per se and, more specifically, Islam and Muslim immigration. In the eyes of the LN propagandists and their media, the theology of Islam and its practitioners represent a growing threat to the modern Italian and Padanian identity (and tradition). The LN has not been alone in using the media to oppose Islam; the Italian media has reinforced LN messages; Muslims are generally depicted as dangerous and compared with terrorists and their religion and culture are described as the opposite of Italian/West values. Something approximating to a “moral panic” around this issue has ensued. Integral to this are notions of morality combined with practices of moral entrepreneurship. What follows seeks to highlight the LN’s stereotypical depictions of Islam. This evaluation is important because the LN was a major player in former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s government (2008-2011) and is still a significant party among the Italian political spectrum. Integral to what follows are the following questions: “Is contemporary Islamic immigration a threat to the Italian (and Padanian) way of life?” and “Are the perceived threats to be found in the periodic uncertainties that societies suffer or might we need to search for wider processes?
Radio-clinical assessment of crista fenestra during pediatric cochlear implantation
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to assess the ability of preoperative computed tomography (CT) to predict the crista fenestra (CF) type during cochlear implantation and correlate these types with intraoperative findings. This may allow for precise preoperative planning with better surgical outcomes. Study design: A prospective observational study. Settings: The study was done in multiple tertiary centers between September 2021 and March 2024. Method: ology: We correlated the preoperative radiological type of the CF with the intraoperative CF type to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of the HRCT to predict the CF type. We also assessed the need for CF drilling in each case. Results: Our study included 154 patients who underwent CI. They were 90 (58.4 %) males and 64 (41.5 %) females with ages ranging from 2.1 to 7.6 years, with a mean of 4.69 ± 1.19. The intra-class correlation coefficient between both radiological evaluators was 0.985, which indicated a high agreement between them. The intraoperative surgical types of CF were significantly related to the radiological types as the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.976, and the P-value was <0.001. Conclusions: Our study revealed that preoperative CT is a precise tool for predicting the intraoperative type of CF during cochlear implantation type with a sensitivity of 96.67 % and an accuracy of 94.17 %. Moreover, drilling of the CF is recommended in type A3 and type B
KONSEP MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL QUR’AN DAN HADIS
No full textAbstract: The Concept of Financial Management in Islamic Educational Institutions from the Perspective of the Qur'an and HadithThe background of the research is the importance of financial management in an institution, including institution of Islamic education. The purpose of this study is knowing the concept of financial management of Islamic education, analyzing the concept of Islamic education financial management perspective the Qur'an and hadith. Descriptive-qualitative is a method used in this research is. This research is a library research, which the author collects data from references such as journals, articles, books, and others. The author used primary data which took form of the Qur'an and hadith. The secondary data used by the author are books, journals, and articles. The author used a reading and note-taking technique. In analyzing the data, the author uses Miles and Huberman's perspective analysis techniques, namely: 1) data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this article are: 1) the concept of financial management has been described in detail in the Qur'an. So it is appropriate in the implementation of financial management must always be guided by what has been explained by the Qur'an 2) responsibility in managing education finances is not only faced with relationships with humans, but is also required to be held accountable to Allah SWT. Therefore, financial managers must understand the science of financial management based on the Qur'an. Abstrak: Konsep Manajemen Keuangan dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan HadisPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya manajemen pembiayaan dalam sebuah lembaga, termasuk lembaga pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep manajemen keuangan pendidikan Islam dalam perspektif al Qur’an dan hadis. Metode deskriptif-kualitatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Adapun penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka, yakni penulis menghimpun data dari berbagai referensi seperti buku, jurnal, artikel, dan lain-lain. Penulis menggunakan sumber data primer berupa al-Qur’an dan hadis. Selain itu, penulis menggunakan data sekunder seperti buku, jurnal, dan artikel. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik baca catat adalah teknik yang digunakan penulis. Dalam analisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis perspektif Miles dan Huberman, yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil dari artikel ini adalah: 1) al-Qur’an telah menjelaskan konsep manajemen keuangan secara rinci. Maka sudah sepatutnya dalam pelaksanaan manajemen keuangan harus selalu berpedoman pada apa yang telah dijelaskan oleh al-Qur’n; 2) pertanggungjawaban dalam mengelola keuangan pendidikan tidak hanya dihadapkan pada hubungan dengan manusia saja, akan tetapi juga dituntut pertanggungjawabannya di hadapan Allah SWT. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengelola keuangan yang memahami ilmu manajemen keuangan yang berbasis al-Qur’an.
Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Islam Di Negeri Mullah Republik Islam Iran
No full textAfter the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran was a country that declared itself as an authoritative Islamic Republic. Long before, Iran became the heir to the tradition of Islamic philosophy. Iran is also the center of Shia, a group that claims to base its Ahlul Bayt tradition. No wonder that eventually Iran became an important center of world Islamic civilization. Various acts of this country in the religion of Islam, many are used as references for Muslims in other parts of the world. In this article, we discuss how Iran manages Islamic education. In addition to describing many things about education, such as the education system, education gap, and education funding, the author also compares Islamic education in the Gulf state with Islamic education in Indonesia. Today, after the revolution led by Ayatullah Khomaini on 11 February 1979, which was not only limited in terms of governance but also in the field of Islamic education, the Iranian nation has gained much progress in various fields, especially in the fields of science and technology.Pasca-Revolusi Islam tahun 1979, Iran adalah negera yang mendeklarasikan diri sebagai Negara Republik Islam yang otoritatif. Jauh sebelumnya, Iran menjadi pewaris tradisi filsafat Islam. Iran juga merupakan pusat Syiah, sebuah kelompok yang mengaku mendasarkan pada tradisi ahlul bayt. Tak heran jika akhirnya Iran menjadi pusat peradaban Islam dunia yang penting. Berbagai kiprah negara ini dalam beragama Islam, banyak dijadikan referensi bagi umat Islam di belahan dunia lain. Dalam artikel ini, didiskusikan bagaimana Iran mengelola pendidikan Islam. Selain memaparkan banyak hal tentang pendidikan, seperti sistem pendidikan, perjenjangan pendidikan, dan pembiayaan pendidikan, penulis juga membandingkan antara pendidikan Islam di negara Teluk tersebut dengan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Dewasa ini, setelah revolusi yang dipimpin oleh Ayatullah Khomaini pada 11 Pebruari 1979, yang tidak hanya terbatas dalam aspek pemerintahan tetapi juga dalam bidang pendidikan Islam, bangsa Iran telah memperoleh banyak kemajuan dalam berbagai bidang, terutama bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.__________________
PERAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM GUNA MENCIPTAKAN GENERASI QUR’ANI UNTUK BERPARTISIPASI DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
No full textAs a majority Muslim population in the country of Indonesia, of course, it takes an existence from the Muslim community itself to be able to participate in the life of the nation and state. To participate, it requires a procedure or rules that must be studied first, one of which is through Islamic education. Islamic education has a goal so that the next generation can learn, understand, and apply the Islamic values contained therein. Through Islamic education, it is hoped that later the Muslim population can participate in the life of the nation and state in a polite, polite manner, and not to damage the unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation. Through this research, the author wants to find out how the Muslim population can place a strategic position in the life of the nation and state through the principles in the Qur'an and HadithSebagai penduduk muslim yang mayoritas di negara Indonesia, tentunya dibutuhkan eksistensi dari masyarakat muslim itu sendiri untuk dapat berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Untuk berpartisipasi, diperlukan prosedur atau aturan yang harus dipelajari terlebih dahulu, salah satunya melalui pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan Islam memiliki tujuan agar generasi penerus dapat mempelajari, memahami, dan menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam yang terkandung di dalamnya. Melalui pendidikan Islam diharapkan nantinya umat Islam dapat berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara secara santun, santun, dan tidak merusak persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa Indonesia. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis ingin mengetahui bagaimana umat Islam dapat menempatkan posisi strategis dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara melalui prinsip-prinsip dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadist
Overview of Indonesian Islamic Education: A Social, Historical and Political Perspective
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine how the historical genealogy of Islamic educational tradition, particularly the tradition of teaching and learning, has contributed to the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. By drawing together in an analytic way a historically based description of the social and political circumstances surrounding Indonesian Islamic education, the study discusses some significant issues concerning the religious base, knowledge base, structural form, and the pedagogical approach of Indonesian Islamic education, all of which are important to the development of a modern form of Islamic education.
The argument of the thesis is that the existing values of the Islamic tradition in education, particularly evident in Madrasah schools, provide a valuable basis for further developing and reconstructing an effective Islamic education system in Indonesia. However, there is also a strong need to construct an Islamic education curriculum in Indonesia that can meet the challenge posed by the circumstances generally understood as 'modernity'. The quality of teaching and learning in the Madrasah are very much influenced by the quality of the wider Islamic education programme. Any change in the curriculum of Islamic education will thus have significant effects on the quality of the Madrasah schools in Indonesia. This thesis will thus conclude by suggesting some implications for further development of Islamic education that arise from the study.
This is a qualitative study using an historical genealogical approach to discover, understand and analyze the challenges currently facing Islamic education In Indonesia. The techniques for collecting data involved, primarily, a critical reading of historical and contemporary policy documents. Primary and secondary sources were also collected, studied and subjected to a critical reading in the production of this account of Indonesian Islamic education
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
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