22 research outputs found
L’ebbrezza di Noè e l’incesto di Lot nel carmen de virgini-tate di Aldelmo
No full textThe two passages (vv. 2501-2524) of Aldhelm's carmen de virginitate on the drunkenness of Noah and the incest of Lot, so far without comment, are the subject of a detailed analysis which compares them with biblical narration and shows the relationship with the literary, Christian and profane tradition. It turns out that the retakes from the previous poets are generally detached from the contexts of origin, with the exception of the reference to the poet of the Heptateuch in the episode of Noah's drunkenness. In this case Aldhelm establishes a precise relationship of continuity with the biblical epic, but differs from it in that he finalizes his story to the moral teaching that is derived from it, according to a tendency already typical of Christian homiletics and paraenesis. All in all, the treatment of the exempla on drunkenness shows how Aldhelm receives in a non-passive way the patristic teaching and the legacy of Latin, classical and above all late antique poetry
HIV Types, Groups, Subtypes and Recombinant Forms: Errors in Replication, Selection Pressure and Quasispecies
No full textHIV-1 is a chimpanzee virus which was transmitted to humans by several zoonotic events resulting in infection with HIV-1 groups M P, and in parallel transmission events from sooty mangabey monkey viruses leading to infections with HIV-2 groups A H. Both viruses have circulated in the human population for about 80 years. In the infected patient, HIV mutates, and by elimination of some of the viruses by the action of the immune system individual quasispecies are formed. Along with the selection of the fittest viruses, mutation and recombination after superinfection with HIV from different groups or subtypes have resulted in the diversity of their patterns of geographic distribution. Despite the high variability observed, some essential parts of the HIV genome are highly conserved. Viral diversity is further facilitated in some parts of the HIV genome by drug selection pressure and may also be enhanced by different genetic factors, including HLA in patients from different regions of the world. Viral and human genetic factors influence pathogenesis. Viral genetic factors are proteins such as Tat, Vif and Rev. Human genetic factors associated with a better clinical outcome are proteins such as APOBEC, langerin, tetherin and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and HLA B27, B57, DRB1{*}1303, KIR and PARD3B. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base
L'EMIGRANT / VALDERRAMA, SERRAPI, PITTO. CANTANDO / CODONER (F). GARROTIN DEL BELE / MONREAL (G & M). LA BIEN PAGA / MOSTAZO (J) et PERELLO ; MONREAL (Quinto) et son orchestre
No full textBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
EL EMIGRANTE : boléro / Valderrama (J.), Pitto (M.) & Serrapi (M.). CACHITO : chachacha / Velasquez (C.). GITANITA QUIEREME : garrotin / Montes (H.), Blanco (J.) & Codoner (F.). CAMINO VERDE : boléro / Larrea (C.) ; Thomas (Gloria) et son Quintette
No full textBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
The prolegomena of La Cerda's commentary on Virgil : a commented edition from the Cologne 1642 imprint, with English translation and explanatory notes
No full textThis thesis presents a new Latin text of the Prolegomena and accompanying prefatory material of the Cologne 1642 edition of the Virgil commentary by the Spanish Jesuit scholar Juan Luis De La Cerda. It provides an original English translation of this material along with explanatory notes which focus upon the social, educational, intellectual and political influences that informed La Cerda's work. The notes also take account of some of the
rhetorical and stylistic aspects of La Cerda's work. An introduction situates the work in its cultural and intellectual context and provides a clear overview of the structure and composition of the Prolegomena
Cornuto, Seneca, i poeti e gli dei
No full textStudio sui rapporti tra Seneca e Anneo Cornuto riguardo al metodo allegorico con cui gli stoici interpretavano i miti relativi alla rappresentazione degli dei. I due autori pervengono a considerazioni differenti sul ruolo della parola poetica in campo teologico e dimostrano che l'atteggiamento della scuola stoica nei confronti dell'interpretazione dei poeti non era monolitico
Experimental evolution of plant RNA viruses
No full textInternational audienceUndoubtedly, viruses represent a major threat faced by human and veterinary medicines and by agronomy. The rapid evolution of viruses enables them to escape from natural immunities and from state-of-the-art antiviral treatments, with new viruses periodically emerging with deadly consequences. Viruses have also become powerful and are increasingly used tools in the field of experimental evolution. A growing body of evidence points that the evolution of viruses is mainly determined by key features such as their compacted genomes, enormous population sizes, and short generation times. In addition, RNA viruses also present large selection coefficients, antagonistic epistasis, and high mutation rates. Most of this knowledge comes from studies that have used either bacteriophages or animal viruses in cell cultures as experimental systems. However, plant viruses provide almost identical advantages for evolutionary studies and, in addition, offer an invaluable tool for studying the interplay between viruses and pluricellular hosts. Without seeking to be exhaustive, here we summarize some peculiarities of plant viruses and review recent experiments that have explored important questions on evolution, such as the role of deleterious mutation and neutrality, the effect of different transmission modes in the evolution of virulence, and the heterogeneous selective constraints imposed by multiple hosts
Added Value of Deep Sequencing Relative to Population Sequencing in Heavily Pre-Treated HIV-1-Infected Subjects.
No full textOBJETIVO: Para explorar el potencial de profundidad del VIH-1 la secuencia de la adición de información clínica relevante respecto a la población viral secuenciación en gran medida de pre-tratamiento del VIH-1 sujetos infectados. MÉTODOS: En un estudio de prueba de concepto, profundo secuencia se comparó con la secuencia de la población en el VIH-1-las personas infectadas con el anterior, tres clases de fracaso virológico que también desarrollaron falla virológica a profundidad la terapia de rescate, incluyendo, al menos, el darunavir, tipranavir, etravirina o raltegravir. La susceptibilidad del virus se dedujo antes de iniciar el tratamiento de rescate y en el fracaso virológico con profunda genotipos de secuenciación y de la población interpretarse con los algoritmos HIVdb, Rega y la ANRS. El nivel de umbral para la detección de mutantes con profunda secuenciación fue del 1%. Resultados: 7 sujetos con exposición previa a una mediana de 15 antirretrovirales durante una mediana de 13 años fueron incluidos. profunda terapia de rescate incluyó darunavir, tipranavir, etravirina o raltegravir en 4, 2, 2 y 5 sujetos, respectivamente. Auto-reporte de la adherencia al tratamiento fue adecuado en cuatro y parcial en dos, una persona sufrió la interrupción del tratamiento durante el seguimiento. profunda secuenciación detecta todas las mutaciones detectadas por la secuenciación de la población e identificar las mutaciones de resistencia adicional en todos, pero cada uno, sobre todo después del fracaso virológico de profundidad terapia de rescate. Información genotípica adicional condujo a una disminución constante en la susceptibilidad a etravirina predijo, efavirenz, los inhibidores nucleósidos de la transcriptasa inversa e indinavir en 2, 1, 2 y 1 sujeto, respectivamente. profunda secuencia de datos no siempre modificar las predicciones susceptibilidad de la población consigue con la secuencia de darunavir, tipranavir o raltegravir. CONCLUSIONES: En este subgrupo de fuertemente pretratados personas, profunda mejorar la secuencia de la evaluación de la resistencia genotípica a la etravirina, pero no siempre proporcionan información adicional sobre darunavir, tipranavir o susceptibilidad a raltegravir. Estos datos pueden informar el diseño de futuros estudios clínicos frente a los valores de la minoría variantes resistentes a los medicamentos en los sujetos con experiencia en tratamientos.OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential of deep HIV-1 sequencing for adding clinically relevant information relative to viral population sequencing in heavily pre-treated HIV-1-infected subjects. METHODS: In a proof-of-concept study, deep sequencing was compared to population sequencing in HIV-1-infected individuals with previous triple-class virological failure who also developed virologic failure to deep salvage therapy including, at least, darunavir, tipranavir, etravirine or raltegravir. Viral susceptibility was inferred before salvage therapy initiation and at virological failure using deep and population sequencing genotypes interpreted with the HIVdb, Rega and ANRS algorithms. The threshold level for mutant detection with deep sequencing was 1%. RESULTS: 7 subjects with previous exposure to a median of 15 antiretrovirals during a median of 13 years were included. Deep salvage therapy included darunavir, tipranavir, etravirine or raltegravir in 4, 2, 2 and 5 subjects, respectively. Self-reported treatment adherence was adequate in 4 and partial in 2; one individual underwent treatment interruption during follow-up. Deep sequencing detected all mutations found by population sequencing and identified additional resistance mutations in all but one individual, predominantly after virological failure to deep salvage therapy. Additional genotypic information led to consistent decreases in predicted susceptibility to etravirine, efavirenz, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and indinavir in 2, 1, 2 and 1 subject, respectively. Deep sequencing data did not consistently modify the susceptibility predictions achieved with population sequencing for darunavir, tipranavir or raltegravir. CONCLUSIONS: In this subset of heavily pre-treated individuals, deep sequencing improved the assessment of genotypic resistance to etravirine, but did not consistently provide additional information on darunavir, tipranavir or raltegravir susceptibility. These data may inform the design of future studies addressing the clinical value of minority drug-resistant variants in treatment-experienced subjects.Ye
Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study
No full textGuidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load <1000 copies/mL
