1,720,988 research outputs found
Sostenibilità del Servizio sanitario nazionale e fondi sanitari integrativi: un contributo al dibattito
No full textIl presente lavoro intende offrire un quadro di riferimento utile per analizzare il meccanismo di funzionamento del Servizio sanitario nazionale (Ssn) e per capire se la sua sostenibilità finanziaria può essere meglio garantita attraverso il consolidamento di un modello multi-pilastro in cui fondi sanitari integrativi non profit (secondo pilastro) si affiancano alla copertura di base pubblica (primo pilastro).
La prospettiva di una contrazione della quota di Pil destinata dall’Italia alla spesa sanitaria pubblica (anche a causa del permanere di vincoli finanziari stringenti) insieme con l’evidenza di una spesa privata in larga parte sostenuta direttamente dalle famiglie, e sostanzialmente priva di forme di intermediazione, hanno indotto molti analisti e politici a proporre un’espansione del ruolo dei fondi sanitari integrativi.
Il fenomeno dei fondi sanitari integrativi appare oggi molto complesso e articolato e richiede un riordino complessivo del quadro normativo e fiscale di riferimento. La previdenza sanitaria integrativa potrà rappresentare effettivamente il secondo pilastro del sistema sanitario italiano – senza pregiudicare i valori di copertura universale, solidarietà nel finanziamento e di equità nell’accesso su cui è fondato il Ssn – solo se verrà governata in maniera efficace, correggendo le attuali distorsioni e valorizzando le sue potenzialità in termini di promozione del benessere sociale
Product differentiation with multiple qualities
Full text linkWe study subgame-perfect equilibria of the classical quality-price, multistage game of vertical product differentiation. Each of two firms can choose the levels of an arbitrary number of qualities. Consumers’ valuations are drawn from independent and general distributions. The unit cost of production is increasing and convex in qualities. We characterize equilibrium prices, and the effects of qualities on the rival’s equilibrium price in the general model. Equilibrium qualities depend on what we call the Spence and price-reaction effects. For any equilibrium, we characterize conditions for quality differentiation.Accepted manuscrip
On the Credibility of Ethical Banking
No full textMotivated entrepreneurs investing in ethical projects financed by ethical banks seems a virtuous albeit rather fragile outcome of the credit market. The credibility of ethical banking is in fact the result of a subtle balance of delicate ingredients supporting each other. To obtain the better credit deals that could be offered when (truly) motivated entrepreneurs and ethical lenders match, non-motivated entrepreneurs may easily pretend to be socially responsible by investing in ethical projects. In a model with moral-hazard (in the credit relationship) and adverse-selection (for the types of entrepreneurs, motivated or not), we show that the market for ethical projects thrives. Market segmentation occurs as a virtuous and unique equilibrium that features standard entrepreneurs and lenders trading in the market for standard projects only, while motivated entrepreneurs deal with ethical banks in the market for ethical projects. In line with the empirical evidence on ethical banking, the model predicts that ethical lenders require lower collateral than commercial banks
Women's career choices, social norms and child care policies
Full text linkOur model explains the observed gender-specific patterns of career and child care choices through endogenous social norms. We study how these norms interact with the gender wage gap. We show that via the social norm a couple's child care and career choices impose an externality on other couples, so that the laissez-faire is inefficient. We use our model to study the design and effectiveness of three commonly used policies. We find that child care subsidies and women quotas can be effective tools to mitigate or eliminate the externality. Parental leave, however, may even intensify the externality and decrease welfare
Emotional decision-makers and anomalous attitudes towards information
Full text linkDecision-making under risk, Psychological expected utility, Information gathering, Bayesian updating, D81, D83,
The gender gap in informal child care: theory and some evidence from Italy
Full text linkOur model studies couples' time allocation and career choices, which are affected by a social norm on gender roles in the family. Parents can provide two types of informal child care: basic care (feeding, changing children, baby-sitting) and quality care (activities that stimulate children's social and cognitive skills). We obtain the following main results.
Traditional mothers provide some informal basic care, whereas career mothers purchase full time formal basic care in the market. Informal basic care is too large and the group of career mothers is too small because of the social norm. Informal quality care is increasing in the couple's income and is provided in larger amount by mothers. We test the model's predictions for Italy using the most recent ISTAT 'Use of Time' survey. In line with the model, mothers devote more time than fathers to both basic and quality informal care; more educated parents devote more time to quality informal care than less educated parents; more educated mothers spend more time in the labor market than less educated mothers
With a little help from my enemy: Comparative advertising as a signal of quality
Full text linkWe extend the theory of advertising as a quality signal, using a model where an entrant can choose to advertise by comparing its product to that of an established incumbent. Comparative advertising, comparing quality of one’s own product to that of a rival’s, empowers the latter to file for court intervention if it believes the comparison to be false or misleading. We show that comparative advertising can be a signal in instances where generic advertising is not viabl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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