14 research outputs found
Drift og vedlikeholds betydning for gående og syklende
No full textEn rapport fra Urbanet Analyse / Asplan Viak på oppdrag fra Statens vegvesenProsjektet «Drift og vedlikeholds betydning for gående og syklende. En kunnskapsoppsummering» er gjennomført av Urbanet Analyse og Lund tekniske högskola på oppdrag av Statens vegvesen Vegdirektoratet. Prosjektet inngår i Vegdirektoratets forskningsprogram BEVEGELSE (Bedre drift og vedlikehold for å få flere gående og syklende), og er gjort innenfor programmets arbeidspakke 1: Trafikantenes behov og forutsetninger.
Ingunn Opheim Ellis fra Urbanet Anlayse har vært prosjektleder, og gjennomført prosjektet i nært samarbeid med Eli-Trine Svorstøl (Urbanet) og Andras Varhelyi (Lund). I tillegg har Hilde Solli (Urbanet Analyse), Till Koglin (Lund) og Hampus Ekbland (Lund) arbeidet på prosjektet. Katrine N. Kjørstad har vært kvalitetssikrer.
Kontaktperson hos oppdragsgiver har vært Liv Øvstedal, som har fulgt prosjektet sammen med Stein Brembu. Oppdragsgiver har kommet med nyttige kommentarer og innspill underveis i prosjektet. Innholdet i rapporten er utarbeidet av Urbanet Analyse, som også står ansvarlig for eventuelle feil og mangler ved dokumentet
Drift og vedlikeholds betydning for gående og syklende : En kunnskapsoppsummering
No full textProsjektet «Drift og vedlikeholds betydning for gående og syklende. En kunnskapsoppsummering» er gjennomført av Urbanet Analyse og Lund tekniske högskola på oppdrag av Statens vegvesen Vegdirektoratet. Prosjektet inngår i Vegdirektoratets forskningsprogram BEVEGELSE (Bedre drift og vedlikehold for å få flere gående og syklende), og er gjort innenfor programmets arbeidspakke 1: Trafikantenes behov og forutsetninger. Formålet med prosjektet var å kartlegge forhold ved drift og vedlikehold som har betydning for om man går og sykler, hvor mye man går og sykler, og for skaderisiko. Rapporten er i hovedsak basert på skriftlig materiale som vitenskapelige artikler, rapporter og evalueringer. Kunnskapsinnhentingen har tatt utgangspunkt i internasjonale studier og utredninger, med hovedvekt på norske og svenske erfaringer. I tillegg ble det gjennomført intervjuer med ansvarlige for drift og vedlikehold i utvalgte norske og svenske kommuner, samt med representanter fra brukerorganisasjoner for personer med nedsatt funksjonsevne.Statens vegvese
Brennu-njáls saga: projeto tradutório e tradução para o português
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.A tese contém a tradução completa para o português da Brennu-Njáls saga (Saga de Njáll), obra islandesa anônima da segunda metade do séc. XIII, considerada a mais importante das sagas de islandeses (Íslendingasögur) e um dos expoentes da literatura escandinava medieval. Inicia-se com uma apresentação geral sobre a obra e seu contexto literário, salientando alguns aspectos relevantes de sua recepção moderna, e então, servindo-se de ideias de Lawrence Venuti e Antoine Berman, faz uma proposta de tradução estrangeirizante que almeja, por meio da escolha do texto-fonte e de estratégias tradutórias, desviar-se de algumas tendências constatáveis no contexto de recepção da tradução. Para tal, serve-se o tradutor da noção de horizonte de expectativa formulada por Hans Robert Jauss e da concepção de que o tradutor, além de mediador entre línguas e culturas, é também um autor cujo trabalho envolve elementos intuitivos e criativos. A exposição do projeto tradutório busca manifestar a posição tradutiva e o horizonte do tradutor, salientando a responsabilidade crítica envolvida no ato tradutório. A tradução estrangeirizante é aqui definida como tradução desviante de preconcepções correntes acerca da cultura-fonte e da literatura-fonte no contexto de recepção, de modo que a tática de tradução estrangeirizante coloca-se como uma estratégia de ação crítica na recepção de uma literatura estrangeira.Abstract : The thesis contains the complete translation into Portuguese of Brennu-Njáls saga (Njal?s saga), an anonymous Icelandic work from the second half of the 13th century and considered to be the most important of the sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur) and one of the landmarks of Medieval Scandinavian Literature. It beggins with a general presentation of the work and its literary context, pointing out some relevant aspects of its modern reception, and then proposes a foreignizing translation, making use of Lawrence Venuti?s and Antoine Berman?s ideas. This translation aims, through the choice of the source-text and translation strategies, to deviate from some observable tendencies in the reception context for the translation. Thus, the translation employs the notion of ?horizon of expectation? formulated by Hans Robert Jauss. It also suggests that a translator, besides being a mediator between languages and cultures, is also an author whose work involves creative and intuitive elements. The exposition of the translation project aims to manifest the translator?s position and the translator?s horizon, pointing out the critical responsibility involved in the act of translating. Foreignizing translation is here defined as a translation that deviates from current preconceptions about the source-culture and the source-literature within the reception context, so that the tactics of the foreignizing translation may be seen as a critical action in the reception of a foreign literature
Vurdering av ulike faktorer
No full textProsjektet er gjennomført av Urbanet Analyse og Sintef på vegne av Statens vegvesen, Vegdirektoratet. Prosjektet inngår i direktoratets forskningsprogram Bedre by, og er en del av et forskningssamarbeid med Kommunal- og Moderniseringsdepartementet (KLD) og KS. Hensikten med samarbeidet er å videreutvikle de regionale transportmodeller (RTM) med vekt på delområdemodeller (DOM) for storbyområdene.
Prosjektet om sykkel er et forslag til kategoriseringer av transportstandard for sykkel knyttet til grunnkretser for bruk i de regionale modellene for persontransport (RTM).
Prosjektet er et av fem delprosjekter:
- Arealbruk og lokaliseringsmønstre
- Parkering
- Transportstandard for kollektivtransport
- Transportstandard for sykkel
- Transportstandard for gåendeStatens vegvese
Technological uncertainties and popular culture
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is an inquiry into possibilities and problems of a sociology of translation. Beginning with a recognition that actor network theory represents a sociological account of social life premised upon on recognition of multiple ontologies, interruptions and translations, the thesis proceeds to examine problems of interpretation and representation inherent in these accounts. Tensions between sociological interpretation and social life as lived are examined by comparing representation of nonhuman agency in both an actor-network and a science fiction study of doors. The power identified in each approach varies from point making to lying. A case is made for considering fictional storytelling as sociology and hence, the sociological value of lying. It is by close examination of a fictional story that this study aims to contribute to a sociology of translation.
The greater part of the thesis comprises an ethnographic study of a televised children's story. Methodological issues in ethnography are addressed and a case is made for a complicit and multi-site ethnography of story. The ethnography is represented in two particular forms. Firstly, and unusually, story is treated as a Storyworld available for ethnographic study. An actor network ethnography of this Storyworld reveals sociologically useful similarities and differences between fictional Storyworld and contemporary, social life. Secondly, story is taken as a product, a broadcast television series of six programmes. An ethnography of story production is undertaken that focuses attention on production performances, hidden storytellers and politics of authorship. Story is revealed as an unfinished project.
A prominent aspect of this thesis is a recognition that fictional storytelling both liberates and constrains story possibilities. This thesis concludes that, in addressing critically important tensions in sociological representation, fictional stories should be included in sociological literature as studies in their own right
Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer
No full textIntroductionBreast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge. This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges emerging from recent research, and proposes strategies for translating solutions into practice. MethodsMore than 100 internationally recognised specialist breast cancer scientists, clinicians and healthcare professionals collaborated to address nine thematic areas: genetics, epigenetics and epidemiology; molecular pathology and cell biology; hormonal influences and endocrine therapy; imaging, detection and screening; current/novel therapies and biomarkers; drug resistance; metastasis, angiogenesis, circulating tumour cells, cancer ‘stem’ cells; risk and prevention; living with and managing breast cancer and its treatment. The groups developed summary papers through an iterative process which, following further appraisal from experts and patients, were melded into this summary account. ResultsThe 10 major gaps identified were: (1) understanding the functions and contextual interactions of genetic and epigenetic changes in normal breast development and during malignant transformation; (2) how to implement sustainable lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and weight) and chemopreventive strategies; (3) the need for tailored screening approaches including clinically actionable tests; (4) enhancing knowledge of molecular drivers behind breast cancer subtypes, progression and metastasis; (5) understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumour heterogeneity, dormancy, de novo or acquired resistance and how to target key nodes in these dynamic processes; (6) developing validated markers for chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity; (7) understanding the optimal duration, sequencing and rational combinations of treatment for improved personalised therapy; (8) validating multimodality imaging biomarkers for minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of responses in primary and metastatic disease; (9) developing interventions and support to improve the survivorship experience; (10) a continuing need for clinical material for translational research derived from normal breast, blood, primary, relapsed, metastatic and drug-resistant cancers with expert bioinformatics support to maximise its utility. The proposed infrastructural enablers include enhanced resources to support clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo tumour models; improved access to appropriate, fully annotated clinical samples; extended biomarker discovery, validation and standardisation; and facilitated cross-discipline working. ConclusionsWith resources to conduct further high-quality targeted research focusing on the gaps identified, increased knowledge translating into improved clinical care should be achievable within five years
Adherence to response-guided pegylated interferon and ribavirin for people who inject drugs with hepatitis C virus genotype 2/3 infection: the ACTIVATE study
No full textThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Supported in part by a research grant from the Investigator Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. The Kirby Institute is funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. JG is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship. BH is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship. MH is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellowship. GD is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Research Fellowships
A genome-wide association meta-analysis of all-cause and vascular dementia
No full textINTRODUCTION: Dementia is a multifactorial disease with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) pathologies making the largest contributions. Yet, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focus on AD. METHODS: We conducted a GWAS of all-cause dementia (ACD) and examined the genetic overlap with VaD. Our dataset includes 800,597 individuals, with 46,902 and 8702 cases of ACD and VaD, respectively. Known AD loci for ACD and VaD were replicated. Bioinformatic analyses prioritized genes that are likely functionally relevant and shared with closely related traits and risk factors. RESULTS: For ACD, novel loci identified were associated with energy transport (SEMA4D), neuronal excitability (ANO3), amyloid deposition in the brain (RBFOX1), and magnetic resonance imaging markers of small vessel disease (SVD; HBEGF). Novel VaD loci were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and neuron maintenance (SPRY2, FOXA2, AJAP1, and PSMA3). DISCUSSION: Our study identified genetic risks underlying ACD, demonstrating overlap with neurodegenerative processes, vascular risk factors, and cerebral SVD. Highlights: We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of all-cause dementia (ACD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Known genetic variants associated with AD were replicated for ACD and VaD. Functional analyses identified novel loci for ACD and VaD. Genetic risks of ACD overlapped with neurodegeneration, vascular risk factors, and cerebral small vessel disease. © 2024 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association
General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants
No full textBackground: Adiposity can be measured using BMI (which is based on weight and height) as well as indices of abdominal adiposity. We examined the association between BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) within and across populations of different world regions and quantified how well these two metrics discriminate between people with and without hypertension. Methods: We used data from studies carried out from 1990 to 2023 on BMI, WHtR and hypertension in people aged 20–64 years in representative samples of the general population in eight world regions. We graphically compared the regional distributions of BMI and WHtR, and calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between BMI and WHtR within each region. We used mixed-effects linear regression to estimate the extent to which WHtR varies across regions at the same BMI. We graphically examined the prevalence of hypertension and the distribution of people who have hypertension both in relation to BMI and WHtR, and we assessed how closely BMI and WHtR discriminate between participants with and without hypertension using C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Findings: The correlation between BMI and WHtR ranged from 0·76 to 0·89 within different regions. After adjusting for age and BMI, mean WHtR was highest in south Asia for both sexes, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. Mean WHtR was lowest in central and eastern Europe for both sexes, in the high-income western region for women, and in Oceania for men. Conversely, to achieve an equivalent WHtR, the BMI of the population of south Asia would need to be, on average, 2·79 kg/m2 (95% CI 2·31–3·28) lower for women and 1·28 kg/m2 (1·02–1·54) lower for men than in the high-income western region. In every region, hypertension prevalence increased with both BMI and WHtR. Models with either of these two adiposity metrics had virtually identical C-statistics and NRIs for every region and sex, with C-statistics ranging from 0·72 to 0·81 and NRIs ranging from 0·34 to 0·57 in different region and sex combinations. When both BMI and WHtR were used, performance improved only slightly compared with using either adiposity measure alone. Interpretation: BMI can distinguish young and middle-aged adults with higher versus lower amounts of abdominal adiposity with moderate-to-high accuracy, and both BMI and WHtR distinguish people with or without hypertension. However, at the same BMI level, people in south Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa, have higher WHtR than in the other regions. Funding: UK Medical Research Council and UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK). © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Planck intermediate results. LVI. Detection of the CMB dipole through modulation of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect: Eppur si muove II
No full textThe largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than
three decades, particularly with the Planck satellite. The simplest
interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to
the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature
anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the
temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal
Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant,
detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with
direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes
power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we
estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes
negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales
