10 research outputs found
Efecto de la incorporación de microorganismos eficientes en la elaboración del compost, distrito de la Banda de Shilcayo – San Martín – Perú
No full textThe present work of titled investigation: "Effect of the lncorporation of Efficient Microorganisms in the process of decomposition of the Organic Matter", has like objectives: 1) To determine the time of decomposition of the organic matter, 2) To determine the effect that will have the efficient microorganisms in the quality of compost obtained and 3) To determine the relation cost/benefits of the treatments. The present work was realised in the E. E. "Juan Bernito - ICT", for which a design of blocks at random (OSCA) with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions was used completely. The treatments in study were the following: T1 (100 kg of Vacaza + 100 kg of Strubble + 20 ce of efficient Microorganisms), T2 (100 kg of Gallinaza+ 100 kg of Strubble + 20 ce of efficient Microorganisms), T3 (100 kg of Vacaza + 100 kg of Strubble), T4 (100 kg of Gallinaza + 100 kg of Strubble), T5 (200 kg of Strubble). From which the following variables were evaluated: Chemical and Microbiological temperatura, Humidity, Characteristics, the obtained results indicate the following thing: The treatments that obtained the best chemical characteristics as as much microbiological have been the T2 (100 kg of Gallinaza+ 100 kg of Strubble + 20 ce of efficient Microorganisms) and the T4 (100 kg of Gallinaza + 100 kg of Strubble), which showed the following results: pH (6,96; 7, 17) , Nitrogen (1,55; 1,54), Phosphorus (2,43; 2,43), Potassium (1,74; 1,78) Calcium (6,93; 7,04), Magnesium (0,97; 0,94), Manganese (350,07; 343,73), Sulphur (5,15; 5,70), Boron (105,07; 129,20), lron (7068,05; 6858,82). Zinc (448,13; 437,61), Receives (57,91; 46,64), fungí (5, 19E+05 UFC/gr Suelo; 4,99E+05 UFC/gr Suelo), with the best sort: "Trichodermasp; bacteria (3.27 E+06 UFC/gr. Ground; 3,01 E+06 UFC/100 gr. Ground); and the smaller populations of Nematodes (O IND /100 gr. Ground). Referring to the relation Cost/benefits, the treatments that they obtained major gain were the T2 treatments (100 kg of Gallinaza+ 100 kg of Strubble + 20 ce of efficient Microorganisms) and the T4 (100 kg of Gallinaza+ 100 kg of Strubble) T2 (14.18%), T4 (14.43%), which obtained a gain of 0.86 new suns by each inverted sun. Key words: Abonos orgánicos, rastrojos, Microorganismos eficientes, Trichodermasp.El presente trabajo de investigación titulado: "Efecto de la Incorporación de Microorganismos Eficientes en el proceso de descomposición de la Materia Orgánica", tiene como objetivos: 1) Determinar el tiempo de descomposición de la materia orgánica, 2) Determinar el efecto que tendrán los microorganismos eficientes en la calidad del compost obtenido y 3) Determinar la relación costo I beneficio de los tratamientos. El presente trabajo se realizó en la E.E. "Juan Bemito - ICT", para lo cual se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar {DBCA) con 5 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Los tratamientos en estudio fueron los siguientes: T1 {100 Kg de Vacaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo+ 20 ce de Microorganismos eficientes), T2 {100 Kg de Gallinaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo + 20 ce de Microorganismos eficientes), T3 {100 Kg de Vacaza + 100 Kg Rastrojo), T4 (100 Kg de Gallinaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo), T5 (200 Kg de Rastrojo). A partir de los cuales se evaluaron las siguientes variables: Temperatura, Humedad, Características Químicas y Microbiológicas, los resultados obtenidos indican lo siguiente: Los tratamientos que obtuvieron las mejores características tanto químicas como microbiológicas han sido el T2 (100 Kg de Gallinaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo + 20 ce de Microorganismos eficientes) y el T4 {100 Kg de Gallinaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo), los cuales mostraron los siguientes resultados: pH (6,96; 7,17) , Nitrógeno ( 1,55; 1,54 ), Fósforo ( 2,43; 2,43 ), Potasio (1,74 ; 1,78) Calcio { 6,93 ; 7,04), Magnesio ( 0,97 ; 0,94), Manganeso ( 350,07; 343,73), Azufre { 5, 15; 5,70), Boro ( 105,07; 129,20), Hierro ( 7068,05; 6858,82), Zinc ( 448, 13 ; 437,61), Cobre { 57,91 ; 46,64), hongos ( 5, 19E+05 UFC/gr Suelo; 4,99E+05 UFC/gr Suelo), con el mejor género:" Trichoderma sp); bacterias ( 3,27 E+06 UFC/ gr Suelo; 3,01E+06 UFC/100 gr Suelo); y las menores poblaciones de Nemátodos (O IND /100 gr Suelo). Referente a la relación Costo/Beneficio, los tratamientos que obtuvieron mayor ganancia fueron los tratamientos T2 (100 Kg de Gallinaza+ 100 Kg de Rastrojo + 20 ce de Microorganismos eficientes) y el T4 (100 Kg de Gallinaza + 100 Kg de Rastrojo)T2 (14, 18 %), T4 (14,43 %), los cuales obtuvieron una ganancia de 0,86 nuevos soles por cada sol invertido. Palabras Claves: Abonos orgánicos, rastrojos, Microorganismos eficientes, Trichodermasp
Classification, natural history, and evolution of the Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae) : 3. The genera Parvochaetus, n. gen., Amboakis, n. gen., and Ellipotoma Spinola
No full textThe checkered beetle genera Parvochaetus, n. gen. and Amboakis, n. gen. are described and the genus Ellipotoma Spinola is reviewed. Four new species plus P. linearis (Gorham), which represents a new combination, comprise Parvochaetus: P. albicornis, P. froeschneri, P. fucolatus, and P. sandaracus. Amboakis, a replacement name for the junior homonym Teutonia Opitz, involves four previously described species and 20 new species. The new species are A. anapsis, A. atra, A. barinas, A. binotonis, A. cauca, A. charis, A. epiomidia, A. erythrohapsis, A. funebris, A. incondita, A. katatonis, A. linitis, A. mica, A. micula, A. prolata, A. rudis, A. taruma, A. selva, A. stenosis, and A. vesca. Four previously described species now classified under Amboakis involve new combinations; they are Epiphloeus capitatus Gorham, Epiphloeus nitidus Gorham, Phlogistosternus flavicollis Zayas, and Teutonia nova Opitz. The bitypic Ellipotoma contains E. tenuiformis Spinola and E. turmalis, n. sp. Lectotypes are designated for Epiphloeus capitatus Gorham, Apolopha linearis Gorham, Epiphloeus nitidus Gorham, and Ellipotoma tenuiformis Spinola.
Parvochaetus specimens may be distinguished from Amboakis and Ellipotoma specimens by the extraordinarily slender antennal club. The expanded condition of the funicular antennomeres will separate specimens of Parvochaetus and Amboakis from those of Madoniella. Specimens of the bitypic genus Ellipotoma are very slender in body form and the elytral disk is devoid of secondary (2o) setae. These features will easily separate Ellipotoma specimens from those of Madoniella. On the basis of adult external morphology Parvochaetus and Amboakis may be conveniently organized into monophyletic species groups, 5 in Parvochaetus and 9 in Amboakis. Descriptions of the alimentary canal of Amboakis nova (Opitz) and of the stomodaeal valves of A. nova and Ellipotoma tenuiformis Spinola are provided and serve as basic data for subsequent analyses involving higher categories. The alimentary canal involves a well-differentiated stomodaeum, ventriculus, and proctodaeum. The ventricular papillae are poorly developed and there are 4 cryptonephridial Malpighian tubules. The stomodaeal valve is comprised of 4 primary lobes with the lateral lobes longer and more slender than shorter dorsal and
ventral lobes; the ventral lobe is particularly broad. The male internal reproductive organs are characterized by having two pairs of accessory glands with the medial being longer than the lateral. A well-developed spermatheca and saccular bursa copulatrix are important features of the female internal organs. Species descriptions, a key to species, and biological information are included. These checkered beetles are diurnal, considerably active flyers, and are predators of lignicolous insects and particularly of bark beetles. Included is a discourse of species level and supraspecific level discontinuities. Differences in the aedeagus, antennae, body form, presence or absence of 2o setae, and arrangement of punctations on the elytral disc were important characters in the discernment of species. Forty characters of Parvochaetus, Amboakis, and Ellipotoma
and their states were polarized to hypothesize intergeneric relationships and intrageneric relationships of Parvochaetus and Amboakis. Hennigian principles of phylogenetic analysis were implemented to prepare two trees. The predominant distribution of Parvochaetus, Amboakis, and Ellipotoma taxa in South America suggests that the progenitor of these genera may have existed on that continent with subsequent dispersal and vicariant events distributing species throughout Middle America and onto islands of the Greater Antilles. Pre-Tertiary South American diversification produced 3 ancestral stocks, each of which fostered lineages that migrated northward via the proto-Antillean Archipelago across the isthmanian closure of the late Tertiary. These temporal frameworks, paleographic dispersals, and vicariant events would explain the presence of relatively primitive,
and derived Amboakis elements in Mexico and the presence in Middle America of some more derived descendants from South American ancestral stocks. Herein, is included a list of specimen repositories and collection managers, key to species groups and species, Table of character analysis, Table that describes distributions of these checkered beetles in montane and nonmontane refugia, three halftone habitus illustrations, 146 line drawings, 16 SEM photographs, 10 distribution maps, and 2 diagrams that depict hypotheses of phylogeny.Los Coleópteros Cleridae del género Parvochaetus, gen. n., Amboakis, gen. n., y Ellipotoma Spinola son descritos y redescritos. Cuatro especies de Parvochaetus son nuevas; P. linearis fue descrito por Gorham: P. albicornis, P. froeschneri, P. fucolatus, y P. sandaracus. Amboakis incluye cuatro especies ya descritas y 20 especies nuevas. Las especies nuevas son A. anapsis, A. atra, A. barinas, A. binotonis, A. cauca, A. charis, A. epiomidia, A. erythrohapsis, A. funebris, A. incondita, A. katatonis, A. linitis, A. mica, A. micula, A. prolata, A. rudis, A. taruma,
A. selva, A. stenosis, y A. vesca. Cuatro especies ya descritas están aquí incluidas en Amboakis, estas especies son Epiphloeus capitatus Gorham, Epiphloeus nitidus Gorham, Phlogistosternus flavicollis Zayas, y Teutonia nova
Opitz. El género Ellipotoma incluye E. tenuiformis Spinola y E. turmalis, sp. n.. Se designan Lectotipos para Epiphloeus capitatus Gorham, Apolopha linearis Gorham, Epiphloeus nitidus Gorham, y Ellipotoma tenuiformis Spinola. Los especimenes de Parvochaetus se pueden fácilmente discriminar de los de Amboakis y Ellipotoma por la maza antenal extraordinariamente más delgada. Los antenomeros expandidos permite separar los especimenes de Parvochaetus y Amboakis de los de Madoniella. Los especimenes de Ellipotoma tiene una forma general muy delgada y el disco elitral carece de setas secundarias. Estos caracteres fácilmente separan los especimenes de Ellipotoma de los de Madoniella. Sobre base de la morfología adulta externa Parvochaetus y Amboakis se pueden organizar prácticamente en grupos monofileticos, 5 en Parvochaetus y 9 en Amboakis. Este estudio incluye la descripción del tracto digestivo de Amboakis nova (Opitz) y las valvas stomodeales de A. nova y Ellipotoma tenuiformis Spinola. El tracto digestivo incluye stomodaeum, ventriculus, y proctodaeum muy diferenciados. La papilla ventricular es poco desarrollada y presenta 4 tubos de Malpighi criptonefridiales. La valva stomodeal se compone de 4 lóbulos primarios, con el lateral más largo y delgado que los lóbulos dorsales y ventrales; el lobulo ventral es particularmente ancho. Los órganos reproductivos internos de los machos se caracterizan por tener dos pares de glándulas accesorias, las medianas siendo más largas que las laterales. Una espermateca muy desarrollada y una bursa copulatrix saccular son características importantes de los órganos internos de la hembra. Estos Cleridae son diurnos, vuelan muy bien y son muy activos, son depredadores de insectos xilofilos y particularmente de los Scolytidae. Se incluye una discusión sobre las discontinuidades a nivel específico y supraespecífico. Las diferencias en los aedeagos, antenas, forma del cuerpo, presencia o ausencia de setas secundarias y el arreglo de las puntuaciones sobre el disco elitral son caracteres muy importantes en la discriminación a nivel específico. El estado de cuarenta caracteres de Parvochaetus, Amboakis, y Ellipotoma se polarizo para preparar hipótesis de relaciones intra-genéricas y inter-genéricas de Parvochaetus y Amboakis. Los principios Hennigianos de análisis filogenético se implementaron para preparar dos árboles. La distribución principalmente suramericana de las especies de Parvochaetus, Amboakis, y Ellipotoma sugiere que los ancestros de estos géneros pueden haber existido sobre este continente, con dispersión posterior y eventos vicariantes, distribuyendo especies de través de Mesoamérica y sobre las islas de las Antillas Mayores. La diversificación suramericana pre-terciaria produjo 3 stocks ancestrales, cada uno de ellos produciendo un linaje que se disperso hacia el norte vía el archipiélago proto-antillano de través del istmo cerrado al final del Terciario. Estos escenarios temporales, dispersiones paleográficas, y eventos vicariantes pueden explicar la presencia de elementos relativamente primitivos y derivados de Amboakis en Mexico y la presencia en Mesoamérica de descendientes más derivados de stocks ancestrales suramericanos. Se incluye una lista de especimenes, su deposito en colecciones y las direcciones electrónicas de los curadores de dichas colecciones. También se incluye clave par grupos de especies y especies; tablas de analisis de caracteres; tablas que describen la distribución en refugios montañosos o no; tres dibujos de hábitos y 146 otros dibujos, 16 fotografías de microscopio electrónico, 8 mapas de distribución, y 2 diagramas que describen las hipótesis de filogenia
Mobilização dos substratos energéticos induzida pela injeção intracerebroventricular de noradrenalina e serotonina em pombos /
No full textDissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas
Cultivo en medio sólido de levaduras de Kluyveromyces marxianus en soportes sintéticos y naturales usando lactosa como fuente de carbono y energía
No full textThe whey is the main byproduct in the dairy industry and it can cause environmental problems if it is not treated suitable. Between several biotechnological alternatives, the yeasts belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces can metabolize lactose as carbon source and energy for the production of biomass and enzymes of industrial interest. On the other hand, due to the characteristics of the solid state culture (SSC), it is interesting to develop a fundamental study on the growth and physiology of Kluyveromyces in this culture system. In this sense, using a SSC with polyurethane foam like support, the effect of inoculum level, the use of pH buffers, the nitrogen source and the lactose concentration and nutrients on the main variables of the SSC (lag phase, respiratory activity rate, total CO2 formed, biomass, lactose consumption, yields and enzymatic activities) using Kluyveromyces marxianus was determined.. UCDCC 351, NCYC 587, 1109, 1429, 278 CDBBL and AGUA MIEL A1 strains were studied. Preliminary studies of the SSC of K. marxianus were also carried out on sugar cane bagasse and sorghum strubble impregnated with industrial whey in a tray reactor and in a helical ribbons rotating reactor. Studies were carried out to determine the conditions of SSC of K. marxianus CDBBL 278 using polyurethane foam impregnated with culture medium containing lactose. The monitoring of different growth phases was carried out by respirometry. An inoculation level of 2.5x106 cells per gram of dry matter (gdm) was selected for further studies. SSC cultures using two buffers: sodium acetate and potassium phosphate showed no significant difference in the final pH of the culture. Nevertheless, a significant difference (ð<0.5) in the biomass production (53±0.1 mg/gdm), cellular yield (0.36±0.01) and lactose consumption (90%) was observed when a phosphate buffer was used and for this reason phosphate buffer was selected for further studies. The addition of ammonium sulfate and urea mixtures didn’t avoid changes in the pH of the cultures; nevertheless, low urea concentrations (20% of the NT) favored the enzymatic activity of lactase as well as inulinase for all the studied strains (UCDCC 351, NCYC 587, NCYC 1109, NCYC 1149, 278 CDBBL and Agua Miel A1). NCYC 587 and CDBBL 278 strains presented the higher titles of lactase and inulinase activity, respectively, when 20 % of the nitrogen source was provided by urea (2038.3 and 241.6 IU/gX, respectively). This condition was selected to study the effect of the increase in the lactose concentration as well as of all the nutrients in SSC of K. marxianus. The maximum production of biomass for NCYC 587 and CDBBL 278 strains (71.7±5.1 and 95.8±5.1 mg/gdm, respectively) was obtained at a lactose concentration of 150 g/L. The greater rate of respiratory activity (0.3±0.003 and 0.4±0.001 h-1 , respectively), as well as the higher lactose consumption and biomass production (91.4± 0.3% and 0.36±0.01 mg/gdm, respectively) were obtained with 50 g/L lactose. Fresh whey was used as substrate in SSC of K. marxianus NCYC 587 and CDBBL 278, with an almost total lactose consumption (99±1.2 and 98±1.1%, respectively) and similar yields to those reported in the literature for these strains (0.32±0.06 and 0.33±0.03, respectively) in submerged cultures. Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587 and CDBBL 278 strains were able to grow on sugar cane bagasse and sorghum strubble as natural supports using industrial whey. In the case of CDBBL 278 SSC were carried using sorghum strubble like support using 3 fermentations systems: a small columns reactor, a tray reactor and a helical ribbons rotating reactor. The best values of the main variables of the culture: lag phase, ųCO2, X, YX/S and lactase and inulinase activities, were obtained when the culture was carried out in the tray reactor (7.5 h, 0.35 h-1 , 54±3.8 mgX/gdm, 0.36±0.02, 1755±80 IU/gX and 166±25.2 IU/gX, respectively). The lactase activity yields in columns and tray reactor (1433±15 and 1754.7±80 IU/gX, respectively), increased in 25 and 53%, respectively, in comparison with the obtained in previous work (1148 IU/gX). In the case of the sorghum strubble fermented material, bromatologicals and ruminal digestibility assays were carried out, finding that the protein content was increased to 6.7± 0.2%, this fact can be an important factor in the growth of ruminal bacteria and for promoting a greater digestibility of fiber compounds for that reason it can be used in mixture with other ingredients of the ruminant feed. In this work experimental evidence appears indicating that is possible to set the nutritionals conditions of culture for the Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast in a SSC system model, it allowed extrapolation of the results to a real system. The results indicate the potential that represents the SSC in solving environmental problems and contributing partially to the feed production for ruminants.El suero de leche es el principal coproducto de la industria quesera, puede causar problemas ambientales si no es tratado adecuadamente. Entre varias alternativas biotecnológicas, las levaduras del género Kluyveromyces pueden utilizar la lactosa como fuente de carbono y energía para la producción de biomasa y enzimas de interés industrial. Por otra parte, debido a las características del cultivo en medio sólido (CMS) resulta interesante desarrollar un estudio fundamental sobre el crecimiento y fisiología de Kluyveromyces en este sistema de cultivo. En este sentido, usando un sistema modelo con espuma de poliuretano como soporte, se determinó el efecto del nivel de inóculo, el uso de amortiguadores de pH, el origen de la fuente de nitrógeno y la concentración de lactosa y nutrientes sobre las variables principales del CMS de Kluyveromyces marxianus (fases de retardo, tasas de actividad respiratoria, CO2 total formado, biomasa, consumo de lactosa, rendimientos de biomasa y de actividades enzimáticas). Se estudiaron las cepas UCDCC 351, NCYC 587, 1109, 1429, CDBBL 278 y Agua Miel A1. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo estudios preliminares del cultivo de K. marxianus sobre bagazo de caña de azúcar y rastrojo de sorgo impregnados con suero de leche industrial en un reactor de charolas y en reactor agitado por listones helicoidales. Se llevaron a cabo estudios para determinar las condiciones de cultivo de K. marxianus CDBBL 278 en medio sólido empleando espuma de poliuretano como soporte inerte, el cual fue impregnado con medio de cultivo conteniendo lactosa. El seguimiento de las diferentes fases de crecimiento de esta levadura se llevó a cabo por respirometría, seleccionando el nivel de inoculación de 2.5x106 células por gramo de materia seca (gms) para estudios posteriores. Al llevar a cabo CMS con esta levadura empleando dos amortiguadores de pH: amortiguador de acetatos de sodio y amortiguador de fosfatos de potasio, no hubo diferencia significativa en el pH final del cultivo. Se observó una diferencia significativa (ð<0.5) en la producción de biomasa (53±0.1 mg/gms), rendimiento celular (0.36±0.01) y consumo de lactosa (90 %) cuando se empleó el amortiguador de fosfatos en el medio de cultivo y por esto fue seleccionado para estudios posteriores. Al estudiar la adición de mezclas de sulfato de amonio y urea no se logró regular el pH en los cultivos, sin embargo, bajas concentraciones de urea (20 % del NT) favorecieron la actividad enzimática tanto de lactasa como de inulinasa para todas las cepas estudiadas (UCDCC 351, NCYC 587, NCYC 1109, NCYC 1149, CDBBL 278 y Agua Miel A1). Las cepas NCYC 587 y CDBBL 278 presentaron los mayores títulos de actividad lactasa e inulinasa, respectivamente, cuando 20 % de la fuente de nitrógeno provino de urea (2038.3 y 241.6 UI/gX, respectivamente) y por ello fueron seleccionadas para estudiar el efecto del aumento en la concentración de lactosa así como de todos los nutrientes del medio en el CMS de K. marxianus. La máxima producción de biomasa para las cepas NCYC 587 y CDBBL 278 (71.7±5.1 y 95.8±5.1 mg/gms, respectivamente) se obtuvo con la mayor concentración de lactosa presente en el medio de 150 g/L. La mayor tasa de actividad respiratoria (0.3±0.003 y 0.4±0.001 h-1 , respectivamente), así como el mayor consumo de lactosa y rendimiento de biomasa (91.4±0.3 % y 0.36±0.01 mg/gms, respectivamente) se obtuvo con una concentración de lactosa de 50 g/L, para ambas cepas. Al emplear el suero de leche fresco como sustrato, éste amortiguó el pH en el cultivo de K. marxianus NCYC 587 y CDBBL 278, con un consumo casi total de lactosa (99±1.2 y 98±1.1 %, respectivamente) y rendimientos similares a los reportados en la literatura para estas levaduras (0.32±0.06 y 0.33±0.03, respectivamente) en CML. Las cepas de Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587 y CDBBL 278 fueron capaces de crecer sobre bagazo de caña de azúcar y rastrojo de sorgo como soportes naturales empleando suero de leche industrial. Con la cepa CDBBL 278 se llevaron a cabo CMS empleando rastrojo de sorgo como soporte usando columnas de fermentación, un reactor de charolas y un reactor agitado por listones helicoidales. Los mejores valores de las variables principales del cultivo: fase de retardo, ųCO2, X, YX/S y rendimientos de actividades enzimáticas de lactasa e inulinasa, se obtuvieron cuando el cultivo se llevó a cabo en reactor de charolas (7.5 h, 0.35 h-1 , 54±3.8 mg X/gms, 0.36±0.02, 1755±80 UI/gX y 166±25.2 UI/gX, respectivamente). Los rendimientos de actividad lactasa en cultivo en columnas y en reactor de charolas (1433±15 y 1754.7±80 UI/gX, respectivamente), aumentaron en un 25 y 53 %, respectivamente, en comparación con los obtenidos en trabajos anteriores (1148 UI/gX). Por último, con el rastrojo de sorgo fermentado se llevaron a cabo pruebas bromatológicas y de digestibilidad ruminal, encontrando que este residuo fermentado con la levadura aporta un mayor contenido proteínico (6.7±0.2 %) que puede ser un factor determinante en la propagación de bacterias ruminales y promover una mayor digestibilidad de los compuestos fibrosos, por lo que se puede emplear en mezcla con otros ingredientes de la dieta de animales rumiantes. En este trabajo se presenta evidencia experimental indicando que es posible establecer las condiciones nutricionales de cultivo para la levadura Kluyveromyces marxianus en un sistema modelo, lo cual permitió extrapolar los resultados a un sistema más cercano a la realidad. Los resultados indican el potencial que presenta el CMS en resolver problemas ambientales y contribuir parcialmente a la producción de alimentos para rumiantes
A high redshift sample of x-ray selected galaxy clusters
No full textThis thesis describes the creation of a X-ray selected galaxy cluster catalogue — the Southern Serendipitous High-redshift Archival ROSAT Cluster (SHARC) catalogue — and the use of the high-redshift subsample in constraining models of structure formation. X-ray selection provides the only way of creating an unbiased catalogue of distant galaxy clusters free from the projection effects that plague optical selection. The ROSAT All Sky Survey has a relatively high flux limit (~ 10(^-12)erg cm(^-2)s(^-1)); and has been used to create large, local cluster samples. The public availability of data from the pointed phase of PSPC observations means that deep, small-area, X-ray selected cluster surveys can be created. At the flux limits reachable by the PSPC pointings (~10(^-14) erg cm(^-2)s(^-1)), the dominant source population consists of QSOs and AGNs, with clusters forming 3 x 10(^44) ergs(^-1) The z ≥ 0.2 redshift distributions of both the Southern. SHARC catalogue, and the EMSS, have been fitted by models for the evolution of the XLF. The best fit model has a spectral index of n = -1.8(^+0.8)(_0.3), and moderate heating of the gas, ϵ = -1.7(^+2.5)(_-2.2) Recent constraints on the evolution of the cluster LT relation restrict the model to the range -1.7 < n < -1.0 and -1.2 < ϵ < 0.7. Although the models used assume an Einstein-de Sitter universe, the lack of evolution is also similar to that expected in a low-density universe
Testing the efficiency of the U.K. financial futures markets.
No full textPhDThis thesis tests the efficiency of the U.K. financial futures
market, using data over the period from September 1982 to March
1985. In examining the efficiency of the U.K. financial futures
market a number of significant contributions are made to the
existing literature.
First, efficiency is examined on a data set that has not been
rigorously examined. Second, more comprehensive tests of efficiency
are proposed within this thesis than are reported elsewhere in
the literature.
chapter one provides a summary and review of the issues examined
in the thesis. A detailed explanation of what constitutes a
financial futures contract is given in chapter two, which covers
the operational and institutional aspects of financial futures
markets.
A comprehensive survey of the literature is presented in chapters
three and four. Chapter three looks in detail at the early theory
and discusses the theoretical issues that are relevant in terms of
financial futures. Chapter four examines the empirical literature
and issues involved in testing efficiency.
Five hypotheses are proposed that a financial futures market
should possess. These hypotheses are then used to test efficiency
on the U.K. financial futures market in chapters five to eight.
First, arbitrage opportunities should not exist between the
futures market and the underlying cash or the corresponding
forward market. Second, it should not be possible to develop
profitable pricing rules on the basis of past prices. Third,
assuming risk neutrality, futures rates should be unbiased
predictions of the futures rate at the maturity day of the contract.
Fourth, news effects should explain any forecast errors that arise.
Fifth, futures rates should incorporate all relevant information
and hence exhibit variance.
The rigorous examination of these different hypotheses finds that
the U.K. financial futures market is efficien
Efecto de labranza, manejo de rastrojo y fertilización de nitrógeno sobre el contenido de humedad y desarrollo del cultivo de trigo.
No full textSe estudió la influencia que ejercen los residuos, el efecto de los diferentes tipos de labranza y la fertilización, sobre el contenido de humedad, desarrollo y rendimiento de trigo. Se incluyen resultados de dos ensayos, localizados en la parte noroeste de México, en el Centro Experimental Norman E. Borlaug en un suelo Chromic Haplotorrert (Hyposodic Vertisol (Calcaric, Chromic)), bajo en materia orgánica (<1%), en condiciones semi-áridas. Se comparan prácticas agronómicas que difieren en tipo de labranza (camas permanentes y camas convencionales), manejo de rastrojo (dejar, empacar o quemar), dosis de fertilización de N bajo diferentes regímenes de riego y con rotación maíz-trigo. Se midieron el contenido de humedad en el perfil (0-60 cm) antes y después de cada riego, el desarrollo del cultivo dos veces por semana (NDVI) y el rendimiento de grano. En el primer ensayo (iniciado en 1991), se observa un menor contenido de humedad en el perfil del suelo en camas convencionales residuo incorporado y camas permanentes residuo quemado comparado con camas permanentes reteniendo (parte de) los residuos. Cuando no se retienen residuos la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo disminuye afectando el crecimiento del cultivo de trigo. El NDVI disminuyo y el rendimiento fue afectado cuando se siembra en camas permanentes residuo quemado y camas convencionales residuo incorporado, comparado con las camas permanentes reteniendo residuos. El segundo ensayo (iniciado en 2006) tiene dos ambientes: uno con riego completo el otro con riego reducido. En el ambiente de escasez de agua: riego reducido (un riego de presiembra y uno de auxilio) se observa mayor contenido de humedad en el perfil de camas permanentes reteniendo (parte de) los residuos, comparado a camas convencionales incorporan residuos. Los valores de NDVI son más altos durante la formación de grano sembrado en camas permanentes comparado a camas convencionales. Bajo riego completo, el NDVI es más alto en camas permanentes durante la formación de grano que en camas convencionales. La retención de humedad en el suelo es mayor cuando se siembra en camas permanentes reteniendo residuos que en camas convencionales incorporando residuos. El rendimiento es mayor o igual en camas permanentes reteniendo residuos que en camas convencionales, la diferencia es que en camas permanentes se reducen costos de producción permitiendo mayor rentabilidad. _______________ EFFECT OF FARMING, HANDLING OF STRUBBLE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE HUMIDITY CONTENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEAT CULTURE. ABSTRACT: To study the influence of different tillage and fertilization treatments as well as retaining straw, on soil moisture content and wheat yield and development. Results of experiments conducted in semi -arid conditions, in North-eastern Mexico at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Centre are included. The soil type is Chromic Haplotorrert (Hyposodic Vertisol (Calcaric, Chromic)) and is low in organic material (<1%). Different types of agronomic practices relating to differences in tillage (On both conventional and permanent beds), straw management (keep, pack in bales or burn), and N fertilization dosage under different irrigated systems with maize-wheat crop rotations. Humidity content was measured in the soil profile (0-60cm) before and after each irrigation. Crop development was measured two times a week (NDVI). Grain yield was also measured. In the first experiment (commenced in 1991), it was observed that there is reduced soil moisture content in the soil profile for conventional beds with incorporated residue and permanent beds with burnt residue in comparison to permanent beds with (partially) retained straw. When straw is not retained, soil water availability is reduced affecting wheat growth. It was observed that the NDVI value was reduced and yield was affected when sowing in permanent beds with burnt residue/straw and conventional beds with incorporated residue/straw in comparison to permanent beds with retained residues. The second experiment (initiated in 2006) has two environments: One with full irrigation and another with reduced irrigation. In environments in which water shortages are common: Reduced irrigation(with one irrigation treatment occurring prior to sowing and a second irrigation treatment).It is observed that there is a higher moisture content in the soil profiles derived from permanent beds which have (partially) retained straw, in comparison to conventional beds which have incorporated residues/straw. NDVI values are higher during the formation of grain sown in permanent beds compared to conventional beds. Under complete irrigation systems, NDVI values are higher in permanent beds than in conventional beds. The humidity content in the soil is higher when crops are sown in permanent beds with retained residues than in conventional beds with incorporated residues. Yield is found to be equal to or higher in permanent beds which have retained residues than in conventional beds that incorporate residues, the difference being that permanent beds allow for the reduction of production costs, allowing higher returns.Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, especialista en Hidrociencias).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2011.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
Full orbital solution for the binary system in the Northern Galactic Disk microlensing event Gaia16aye
No full textFunding: UK STFC consolidated grant ST/M001296/1 (KH); European Commission H2020 OPTICON grant 730890 (OPTICON) (MD).Gaia16aye was a binary microlensing event discovered in the direction towards the northern Galactic disc and was one of the first microlensing events detected and alerted to by the Gaia space mission. Its light curve exhibited five distinct brightening episodes, reaching up to I = 12 mag, and it was covered in great detail with almost 25 000 data points gathered by a network of telescopes. We present the photometric and spectroscopic follow-up covering 500 days of the event evolution. We employed a full Keplerian binary orbit microlensing model combined with the motion of Earth and Gaia around the Sun to reproduce the complex light curve. The photometric data allowed us to solve the microlensing event entirely and to derive the complete and unique set of orbital parameters of the binary lensing system. We also report on the detection of the first-ever microlensing space-parallax between the Earth and Gaia located at L2. The properties of the binary system were derived from microlensing parameters, and we found that the system is composed of two main-sequence stars with masses 0.57 ± 0.05 M⊙ and 0.36 ± 0.03 M⊙ at 780 pc, with an orbital period of 2.88 years and an eccentricity of 0.30. We also predict the astrometric microlensing signal for this binary lens as it will be seen by Gaia as well as the radial velocity curve for the binary system. Events such as Gaia16aye indicate the potential for the microlensing method of probing the mass function of dark objects, including black holes, in directions other than that of the Galactic bulge. This case also emphasises the importance of long-term time-domain coordinated observations that can be made with a network of heterogeneous telescopes.Peer reviewe
Personal War Sketches
No full textA large leather-bound book with gold lettering cover, presented to Kearny-Janeway Post No. 15 by William R. Janeway in 1896. Has the personal sketches of 23 members.
Dimensions -- 45 cm x 33 cm x 7 cm
Transcripts:
Adam, John (page 9)
"Comrade John Adam who was born the Tenth day of May A.D. 1839 in Bavarian County of ___ State of Germany
First Enlisted April 1861, at the City of New York as Private 2nd N.Y. Militia of 82nd N.Y. Voll was Promoted to Corporal 1864
Was Discharged at Brandy Station the 20th Day of July 1865 as Corporal
First Engagement Bull Run, 2nd Fair Oaks, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, 2nd Battle Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Bristow Station, Gettusburg, Wilderness, North Anna, Spottsylvania, Coal Harbor, Petersburg
Was Confined in Hospital at Davies Island was Wounded Sept 17, 1862
Was taken Prisoner June 22nd 1864 front of Petersburg Va
Was confined in Libby Prison, Andersonville, Florance [Florence], Macon, Salbury [Salisbury] as Gettysburg
Was parolled [sic] February 27, 1865
Comrades Daniel Murray, John Castelo, Henry Griggs, John Gibson
Most Important Battle Gettysburg"
*
Buckalew, Frederick (page 25)
"Comrade Frederick Buckalew who was born the Twenty Second day of November A.D. 1829 in Georges Road County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First Enlisted August 12th 1862 at Freehold New Jersey as Private Co. K 14th Regiment New Jersey Vols
And was Discharged June 18th 1865 Cause Close of the War. Was Finally Discharged June 18th 1865 Near Washington D.C.
Was engaged in the Following Battles First of South Mountain, Second Near Culpeper, Petersburg, Frederick City, Winchester, Fishers Hill, Cedar Run, Petersburg
Some of my most Intimate Comrades in the Service: Jacob Janeway, Captain John Manning, Wyckoff Gariguer, Nickolas Schrumm, Adam Geiple"
*
Bradford, George Henry [page 26]
"Comrade George Henry Bradford, who was born the Sixteenth day of February A.D. 18___ in New Brunswick County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First Enlisted July 26th 1862 as Private Co. I 14th Reg. N.J.Voll
Was First Discharged as Private at Brandy Station Va on Genl. Orders No. 108 A of P. [Army of the Potomac?] and was transfered to Navy August 19th 1864
And Was Finally Discharged 7th of June 1865 Expiration of Term
The First Battle Engaged in was Mine Run, 2nd Mobile Bay, Fort Fisher
Some of my Intimate Comrades were James Fisher, Abe Perdun, Jessee Hawks, Wicoff Voorhees, William Payton, John Strubble
The most important event of Service was at Mobile Bay"
*
Cannon, Stephen A. (page 40)
"Comrade Stephen Augustus Cannon who was born the Twenty Second day of March A.D. 1837 in Blozeing Stars [Blazing Stars?] County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First entered the Service October 2nd 1861 at Trenton New Jersey as Private in Co. K, 7th Reg. N.J. Vols., acted as Corporal & Sergeant, was never Promoted
Was discharged as Private October 7th, 1864 at Trenton New Jersey.
The First Engagement was Yorktown Va, Second Wiliamsburg [Williamsburg], Fair Oaks, Bristow Station, Fredericksburg, Chancelorville [Chancellorsville], Gettysburg Pa, Wopping Heights, McClean Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna River, Petersburg.
Some of my most Intimate Comrades Chaplain J.D. Rose, Captain James Brown, Frank Pollard, H.G. Emmell, Eugene Pollard, William Till, John & Abel Gruber, Charles Corblin, J. Searing, A. Tompkins
I deem the most important event at Chancelorville [Chancellorsville] I left the Rank & Rushed forward Hat and Gun in hands said Come on Boys we captured 7 stand of Coulers & while on the seven days march was stricken with typhoid fever and had to be carried to Hospital of the White House from the [there?] was sent North to Lie But Good Care from my sister was soon able to join my Regiment"
*
Churchward, George M. (page 42)
"Comrade George M. Churchward who was born the 17th of September A.D. 1843 in New Brunswick County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First entered the Service 22nd Day of September 1862 at Freehold New Jersey as Private Co. D 28 N.J. Vols
Was Discharged at Freehold N.J. as private same Company & Regiment 4th Day of July 1863 being the expiration of term of service
The first Battle I was engaged in was Fredericksburg Va. The Second was Chancerville [Chancellorsville]
Was never Wounded nor in Hospital nor taken Prisoner
Some of my most Intimate Comrades: John Tallman, William Gambol, Richard Baker, Frank Olliver
The most important event in my Service was to get home
Was always healthy and with the Regiment and stole a Canteen of Whisky from Bill Hardy from under his Pillow"
*
Dolan, Patrick H. (page 44)
"Comrade Patrick H. Dolan who was born the ____ day of ____ A.D. 1840 in _____ County of ____ State of Ireland
First Enlisted May 9th 1861 as a Private in Co F 15th Regiment New York Vol. Enginers [sic] was Promoted Corporal December 22nd 1862
Was Discharged as Corporal in New York City June 25th 1863 By reason of Expiration of service I never reinlisted
The first Battle I was engaged in was Bull Run July 21st 1861
The second further engagements were Fair Oaks or seven pines May 31 and June 1, 1862, West Point Seven Days June 26 to July 3rd 1862, Malvern Hill June 30 1862, Seige [sic] of Yorktown April 5 to May 3, 1862, Fredericksburg Dec 13 1862, Chencolorville [Chancellorsvile] May 2nd & 3rd 1863, Swamps of Chickahominy with measels, & Battle of Antietam Sept 17, 1862
These are a few of my most intimate Friends John M Murphy, Clinton C.G. Colegate, John Farrell, Timothy Luley, Henry Belamy, Michael McCarty
The most important of my service events were Retreat of the Army at the Potomac
Could not think of any more"
*
Forman, James H. (page 70)
“Comrade James H. Forman who was born the Twenty Third day of July A.D. 1843 in Kingston County of Middlsex State of New Jersey
First Enlisted September 10th 1864 was mustered in on the 27th day of September at Trenton New Jersey as private [sic] Co. G 38th Reg New Jersey Volls [sic]
Was Corporal and acted as Sergeant part of the time while in service. October 1st 1864 was Promoted to Corporal Rank at Close of War same as above Stated
Was Discharged June 30th 1865 at City Point Va ending of the Rebellion
The Regiment was divided to do Garrisson [sic] duty one part at Fort Powhattan [Powhatan] the other at Pocahontas Va
My most Intimate Comrades Orderly Sergeant 2nd Sergeant Private Alford Davison, James Mungham, William Collins, Garret S. Tindall, John Voorhees, S.G. Shuck, John Davies and hosts of others
This is made out from the records of the Adjutant General’s Office recorded at Trenton who was then William S. Stryker A.A.G. was made October 5th 1885”
*
Garigan, Thomas F. (page 80)
“Comrade Thomas Francis Garigan who was born the Fifth day of June A.D. 1845 in Catskill County of ______ State of New York
Enlisted the 13th Day of January 1864 at Cohoes N.Y. State as Private Co. E 4th Regiment of Heavy Artilery New York State Vols
Was Discharged the 26th Day of September 1866 as Private at the City of Washington By Reason of End of War
The First engagement was Battle of the Wilderness, 2nd Cold Harbor Va., Petersburg June 27th, 30th, Deep Bottom, Reams Station, Welton Rail Road
Was taken Prisoner at Reams Station, Welton Rail Road by Genl. Hampton & Genl. Lee
On 25th day of August 1864 was Parolled on October 8th 1864 was 4 & 40 days a Prisoner of War in Libby Prison & Bell Island
Left prison on the 8th of October weak raged [ragged?] & lousy.
Most Intimate Comrades Thomas Nonan, Nelson Havey, Thom Depew, James Galvin, Richard Price
I deem the Most Important Event the Battle of Reams Station on the Welton R.R. We had Burned the Rail Road before the Battle started.”
*
Giles, Runyon V. (page 81)
“Comrade Runyon V. Giles who was born the fourteenth day of February A.D. 1846 near New Market County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First Enlisted the 20th day of January 1864 at Somerville, Somerset County, NJ as Private in Co. B 9th Reg. NJ Vols.
Was Discharged the 12th day of July 1865 as Private at Greensboro N.C. Close of the War
Engaged in the following Battles Petersburg, Coal Harbor [Cold Harbor], Fort Wall Hall [Port Walthall], Bermuda, Hundred Drury’s Bluff.
Was Confined in Hospital at Hampton VA in the Fall of 1864.
My Most Intimate Comrades were Frank Kenyon, Allen McAndrews, Frank Acker
I deem the Most Important Event was when we received Orders to Come Home”
*
Heilman, Frederick (page 91)
“Comrade Frederick Heilman who was born the Seventhteen [sic] day of March A.D. 1833 in _____ County of _____ State of Germany
First entered the service October 11th 1862 as Private at New York City Co C 162 Reg New York Vols was promoted to Corporal at time of Enlistment was first discharged at Savanah [sic] Georgia as Private Reason Close of War Was transferred to New York Harts Island to be Paid off October 1865
First Battle was at Black Mills, 2nd Port Hudson. Basher(?) City, Schreveport, Pleasant Hill, Caine Bluff, Deep Bottom, Winchester
Most Intimate Comrades Andrew Fligman Corporal & Henry Land 1st Sergeant”
*
McAvoy, James (page 97)
“Comrade James McAvoy who was born the ____ day of ____ A.D. 1841 in ____ County of ____ State of Troy, New York
First enlisted 25th day of December 1861 at Jersey City NJ as Private Co. A 2nd N.J. Cav, was transferred right away to Co. L 1st N.J. Cav
Was discharged at Warrenton VA 1863 by reason of re-enlistment for another 3 years
Was finally discharged at Trenton NJ at close of war
First battle engaged was Cedar Mountain, 2nd & Fredericks, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, Weldon R.R. & Deep Bottom again, South-side R.R. Here I was taken sick and wounded, the last of Lee’s surrender of Appomatox was in hospital at City Point, dysentary & billows
Was taken prisoner in 1862 after the 2nd Battle of Bull Run by the 82nd Va. Cavalry Confeds, was parolled on the field by reason of having billows fever
My most intimate comrades were William Curran, Isa C. Maloney, James Painter, Con Galliger, Thomas Stout, George Schoonene, William H. Duglas
Most important event, the opening of the Mississippi River, taking of Vicksburg and the Battle of Gettysburg and flanking of Lee, the next important was a furlough of 30 Days but at a Sacrafise [sic] 3 More Years I had already served 2 years, but youth is Like sun shine and the service has never been grugd [sic] Country as it extended the hopes of enslaved Humanity both Black and White and have every honest man a possible future to have what is dearest a Home and the Proud sense of notiveduality [individuality?] the Glorious expansion of Democratic Principles the diserording [disordering?] to old Ideas that Royalty was God’s Handiwork”
*
Ochs, John (page 103)
“Comrade John Ochs who was born the Sixth day of April A.D. 1837 in ____ County of _____ State of Germany
First Enlisted September 6th 1861 as Private at Trenton N.J. Co H 1st Reg N.J. Cavalry
Was Discharged as Private at Warrington Vir 31st December 1863 for Reinlisting was next Discharged at Vienna Va July 24th 1865 Closing of War
First Battle at Shenadoah Valley 2nd 2nd Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancelorville [sic], Wilderness, Coal [sic] Harbor, Welton R.R., Brandy Station, Gettysburg
Was in Hospital at Newark N.J. May 1864
My Intimate Comrades Joseph Hadopp Johnathan Messeroll Henry Werner George Roeder Peter Van Note Pyot Hardy
Most Important event of service Coal [Cold] Harbor Gettysburg Wilderness”
*
Pollard, Nelson (page 116)
“Comrade Nelson Pollard who was born the Eleventh day of August A.D. 1839 in Scotland County of _____ State of Connecticut
Enlisted May 23rd 1861 at New Haven Conn. As Corporal Co. E 1st Conn Heavy Artilery [sic] was promoted Sergeant
Was Discharged May 23rd 1864 at Bermuda Hundred By Reason of Expiration of Term of Service
First Engagement at Siege of Yorktown April 30th to May 4th 2nd Hanover Court House May 27 Gains Mill May 30 to June 20 Chickahominy June 25 Golden Hill June 27 Malvin [sic] Hill July 1st Siege of Fredericksburg Dec 11 to 15th”
*
Parsell, John V. (page 117)
“Comrade John V. Parsell who was born the Ninth day of February A.D. 1829 in 62 Church St Middlesex County of ____ State of New Jersey
First Enlisted April 27th 1861 at the Court House New Brunswick New Jersey Entered the service at Trenton N.J. as Corporal resigned from that for peace sake and took the Drum as an expert Company K Captain’s Casher) [?] 3rd Reg N.J.V. Colonel Stryker Commanding I did not seek the Drum Major until I won it October 1862 Rank at Close of War was Drum Major
Was first discharged when my time was up July 31st 1861 at Trenton New Jersey I Enlisted at Freehold New Jersey in 28th Regiment August 30th 1862 Col Wisewell was sent on to Washington to Genl Sumners 2nd Army Corps, was next Discharged from the Hospital at Portsmouth Grove Rhode Island for Disability and was finaly [sic] Discharged at Providence Rhode Island for permanent Disability.
Engaged in the First Battle Bull Run I saved the Flag of the 3rd New Jersey Took it to Fort Runyon, 2nd Battle Fredericksburg
Was in Lincoln Hospital at Washington, Portsmouth Grove Rhode Island
I was [sic] By Rebel scouts but I made my Escape with others in the night to Washington Reported to Gen Mortindale showed him pass check was given Transportation to Acyeria [?] Creek to my Regiment.
Intimate Comrades all the Officers
Laid out all Night Burried [sic] in the snow looking at the turkey Buzzards I was discovered by Surgeon John Richmond of the 31st N.J.Vols sent to Washington recovered went and fought the Fredericksburg Battle”
*
Robotham, David H. (page 131)
“Comrade David H. Robotham who was born the Fifth day of June A.D. 1843 in Jersey City County of ____ State of New Jersey
First Enlisted May 27th 1861 as Private at Newark N.J. Company C 2nd Reg N.J. Vols
Was Discharged as Private June 21st 1864 Expiration of 3 years
First Engagement 1st Battle Bull Run July 21st 1861 2nd West Point May 7 Golden Farm, Gains Farm, Charles City Cross Roads June 30th 1862 Malvern Hill, Manasses Va Aug 27 62 Chantilly, Crampton’s Pass Md Sept 14 Antietam Sept 17 1862 Fredericksburg Dec 13 & 14, 62 Fredericksburg Va May 3rd 1863 Salem Heights May 3rd, 4th, 6th, Gettysburg July 2nd & 3rd 1863, Fairfield Pa. July 5, Williamsport Md July 6th, Trunktown Rappahannock Station Va Oct 12 1863, Rappahannock Station Nov 7, Mine Run Nov 30, Wilderness May 5th to 7th 1864, Spottsylvania May 8 to 10 64, Spottsylvania Court House May 29th Tolopotamy Chreek [Totopotomoy Creek] Va May 30 & 31, Cold Harbor June 1st & 2nd 1864
The most Important was when Reported to the Rear to go Home
Was never absent from Company taken from Company Record at Washington D.C. 1864”
*
Roeder, George (page 133)
“Comrade George Roeder who was born the Fourteenth day of November A.D. 1838 in _______ County of ______ State of Germany
First Enlisted September 4th 1861 at New Brunswick New Jersey as Private Co H First N.J. Cavalry as Sergeant was promoted Nov 1st 1863
Was discharged 31st Day of December 1863 as Sergeant at Washington Rheumatism For Reinlisting
Was finally Discharged at Vienna Virginia July 24th 1866 Closing of War
First Battle was in the Shenadoah Valley 2nd Battle 2nd Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancelorsville [sic], Wilderness, Coal [sic] Harbor, Weldon R.R., Brandy Station, Gettysburg. Was Confined in Hospital near Washington after Battle Gettysburg
Most Intimate Comrade Henry Werner, P. Van Note, Daniel Brotman, John Ochs, Joseph Hadopp, Johnathan Messeroll, Piet Hardy
The most Important event of my service Coal [Cold] Harbor Gettysburg Weldon R.R. Wilderness & Many Others
The ever sorrowfull [sic] day our Commander Hugh Janeway lost his Life and Saveing [sic] Johnathan Messeroll from falling in to the Hands of the Rebels wounded By my side Carried him on my Back over half mile to the Ambulance”
*
Schrum, Nicholas (page 132)
“Comrade Nicholas Schrum who was born the Twenty Fifth day of December A.D. 1842 in Bavaria County of ______ State of Germany
First enlisted August 1862 at Frehold [sic] N.J. as Private Co K 14th Reg N.J. Volls [sic]
Was Discharged at Trenton N.J. August 1865, end of War
Was Wounded on Head at Cold Harbor
Some of my most intimate Comrades in the service, Adam Geiple, George Feese, J.N. Terrill, John Stroble, George Bradford
Was always Healthy & ready for Duty
I saw something in connection with my military service which was A Comrade sitting on the Ground with Gun up at shoulder as in the act of shooting examined Him and found him Dead.”
*
Terrill, J.N. (page 134)
“Comrade J. Newton Terrill who was born the Tenth day of July A.D. 1842 in Westfield County of _____ State of New Jersey
First Entered Service August 11th 1862 as Private at Freehold N.J. Co K 14th Reg N.J. Vol.
Held Office Acting Sergeant at Headquarters in Charge of Prisoners about 1864. Was Brevet Sergeant at Close of War. Was discharged at Close of War at Washington D.C. War over.
First Battle Manassas Gap Va, Second Etc. Wapping Heights, Culpepper, Bristo [sic] Station, Kellys [sic] Ford, Brandy Station, Locust Grove, Mine Run, Culpepper Ford, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Hanover Court House, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, in Shenadoah Valley, Monocacy, Snickers [sic] Gap, Charlestown, Opequan, Fishers [sic] Hill, Mount Jackson, Cedar Creek, Hotches [sic] Run, Fort Steadman, Fall of Petersburg, Sailors [sic] Creek, Appomatox [sic].
Some of My Most Intimate Friends. Col. J. Janeway, Capt. John L. Manning, John H. Applegate, Geo H. Stout, Nahum Kent.
The most important events. After being away from Home 16 Months Received a 10 Days Furlough Home on Christmass [sic].
Had Charge of Prisoners [sic] Headquarters 3rd Div 6th Army Corps a Soldier named Kelly Deserted to the Enemy, he was Captured and sentenced to be shot. I placed him on his Coffin tied his arms and feet and placed a Bandage over his eyes, and gave the Firing squad the order to Fire. Eight Muskets were loaded, with Ball Cartridges, and four Muskets with Blanks. He fell Dead on his Coffin 8 Balls having [sic] pierced his Body. The Division was drawn up in a hollow Square 3000 strong it was a Sad affair one I Will Never Forget.
*
Voorhees, John D. (page 297)
“Comrade John D. Voorhees, who was born the Eight [sic] day of April A.D. 1842 in ______ County of Middlesex State of New Jersey
First Enlisted August 25th 1862 Private at Beverly N.J. Co. B 23rd Reg N.J.Volls
Was Discharged June 27th 1863 at Beverly as Corporal end of service
Reinlisted Sept 3rd 1864 Co G 38th Reg N.J.V.
Was finaly [sic] Discharged June 30th 1865 at City Point Va Telegram A.(??) May 29 1865
First Battle was Fredericksburg Va
Was Confined in Hospitals at Baltimore Washington Newark N.J.
Some of my most intimate Comrades I N Messeroll, George Lewis, Aaron Rightmire, George Johnson, William H. Conger, James H. Forman, Sylvester J. Shuck, Lurzene [Luzerne] Bartholomew, John Buckalew, A.S. Conover
The Most important event of my service was when I was Discharged
I am thankful I was not wounded or taken prisoner in service”
*
Werner, Henry J. (page 306)
“Comrade Henry J. Werner who was born the _______ day of _______ A.D. 18___ in ____ County of Holstein State of Gerany [sic]
First enlisted april [sic] 27, 1861 at Trenton New Jersey as private [sic] Co K 3rd Reg Vol Inft & 1st Cavalry held the office of Corporal Sergeant 2nd Luit [sic] & Captain was promoted Corporal Aug 24 1861 Sergeant June 6, 1863 2nd Luit [sic] of K Nov 1, 1864 Captain July 18, 1863 at Close of War Was Captain.
Was first Discharged July 31st 1861 at Trenton Expiration of Term
Reinlisted Jan 1, 1864 was next Discharged at Trenton July 1865 was finaly [sic] Discharged at Trenton July 1865, Close of the War. The first Battle engaged in was Fredericksburg Va was wounded at Fords [sic] Tavern May 5, 1864, was confined in Hospital, Finly Hospital Washington D.C.
Was taken Prisoner at Harrisburg Va Jan. 6, By Stonewall Jackson
Was confined in Prison 9 weeks at Lynchburg Va and 5 Weeks at Belle Island was regularly Discharged Sept 12, 1862 was in connection with my military live [sic] at Polish [Pohick] Church, 29, 1861 Polish [Pohick] Creek Jun 15 1862 Fredericksburg April 18, 62, Sedam Tavern [Seddons’ Farm] May 1, 62 Greys Corner [Gray’s Farm] May 9 62, Strasburg June 1, 62, Woodstock June 2, 62, Horresburg [Harrisonburg] June 6, 62, Aldie Oct 21, Fort Congord [Port Conoway], Nov 19, 62, Fredericksburg, Dec 4, 62, Rappahanock Station Apl 7 & May 1, Kelleys [Kelly’s] Ford May 19, Brandy Station June 9, 63, Aldie Road 17 & 22, 63, Middleburg June 19, 63, Upperville June 21, 63, Westminster June 30, Gettysburg July 2 & 3, Emmetsburg [Emmettsburg] July 4 & 6, Cavetown July 8, Harpers [sic] Ferry July 14, Sheppardstown July 26, Perryville July 31, Salem Aug 1st, White Plains Aug 16, Sulphur Oct 12, Five Forks April 1, Aurelia [Amelia] Springs April 5, Jettersville & Sailor Creek April 6, Farmville Apl 6
My most intimate Comrades were George Roeder, Jon Hodapp, J. Corcoran”
*
Young, Archie G. (page 137)
“Comrade Archie G. Young who was born the Thirtieth day of August, A.D. 1840 in Murhill County of James City State of Virginia
First enlisted August 18th 1862 at Board Gun Boat Cimaron on James River Va as Boy
Ship Gunboat Cimaron Princeton New Hampshire
Held Office of Coal Helper Captain of the Head Captain of Maggazine [sic] Lamp
Was Promoted in 1863 & 1864 also Mess Cook & Captain of the Maggazine [sic] Lamp First Class Boy
Was First Discharged June 2nd 1865 after the Close of the War at Philadelphia Pa Navy Yard
Was Transferred to the South Atlantic Squadron
Was Fin
Full orbital solution for the binary system in the northern Galactic disc microlensing event Gaia16aye
No full textGaia16aye was a binary microlensing event discovered in the direction towards the northern Galactic disc and was one of the first microlensing events detected and alerted to by the Gaia space mission. Its light curve exhibited five distinct brightening episodes, reaching up to I? =? 12 mag, and it was covered in great detail with almost 25 000 data points gathered by a network of telescopes. We present the photometric and spectroscopic follow-up covering 500 days of the event evolution. We employed a full Keplerian binary orbit microlensing model combined with the motion of Earth and Gaia around the Sun to reproduce the complex light curve. The photometric data allowed us to solve the microlensing event entirely and to derive the complete and unique set of orbital parameters of the binary lensing system. We also report on the detection of the first-ever microlensing space-parallax between the Earth and Gaia located at L2. The properties of the binary system were derived from microlensing parameters, and we found that the system is composed of two main-sequence stars with masses 0.57 ± 0.05 M? and 0.36 ± 0.03 M? at 780 pc, with an orbital period of 2.88 years and an eccentricity of 0.30. We also predict the astrometric microlensing signal for this binary lens as it will be seen by Gaia as well as the radial velocity curve for the binary system. Events such as Gaia16aye indicate the potential for the microlensing method of probing the mass function of dark objects, including black holes, in directions other than that of the Galactic bulge. This case also emphasises the importance of long-term time-domain coordinated observations that can be made with a network of heterogeneous telescopes. © ESO 2020
