20 research outputs found
Sensitivitas Virus Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 Asal Indonesia terhadap Obat Antiviral Amantadin
No full textResitensi antiviral virus Avian Influenza (AI) subtipe H5N1 adalah
tantangan pada pengendalian pandemik Influenza. Matrik 2 (M2) inhibitor
(amantadin dan rimantadin) dan neuraminidase inhibitor (oseltamivir dan
zanamivir) adalah 2 kelas antiviral yang aktif melawan secara spesifik virus
influenza dan digunakan untuk pengobatan dan profilaksis infeksi virus influenza.
Amantadin mengganggu siklus hidup virus dengan menghambat aliran ion
hidrogen pada M2 ion channel virus influenza A. Hal ini mencegah uncouting
pada sel inang yang terinfeksi sehingga menghambat pelepasan ribonukleoprotein
untuk transkripsi dan replikasi virion dalam nukleus. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui kepekaan virus AI subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 asal Indonesia
terhadap obat antiviral amantadin secara molekular dan in vitro.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Reverse Transcriptase-
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) untuk mengidentifikasi virus AI subtipe
H5N1 pada unggas, isolasi ke Telur Ayam Bertunas (TAB) umur 9-11 hari untuk
mengisolasi virus AI subtipe H5N1 pada unggas, uji in vitro pada sel Madin
Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) dan uji sekuensing dan pohon filogenetik gen
Matrik (M2) untuk mengetahui resistensi virus AI subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 asal
Indonesia terhadap amantadine hydrochloride. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
sebanyak 24 pool sampel bereaksi positip terhadap RT-PCR dengan primer matrik,
sebanyak 15 pool sampel bereaksi positif terhadap RT-PCR dengan primer H5
dan sebanyak 11 pool sampel bereaksi positip terhadap RT-PCR dengan primer
N1. Sebanyak dua isolat virus AI subtipe H5N1 dapat diisolasi dari sampel yang
dikoleksi dari Kota Serang dan sebanyak enam isolat virus AI subtipe H5N1 dari
kasus AI pada unggas air di Kabupaten Lamongan. Titer EID50 isolat virus AI
subtipe H5N1 adalah >108. Virus AI subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 asal Indonesia
yang diisolasi tahun 2013 dan 2016 mempunyai substitusi asam amino V27I pada
protein M2, menimbulkan Cytophatic effect (CPE) dan bereaksi positif
Hemaglutinasi (HA) pada sel MDCK konfluen monolayer yang mengandung
konsentrasi amantadine hydrochloride tertinggi yang tidak toksik. Kesimpulan
penelitian adalah virus AI subtipe H5N1 dapat dideteksi dan diisolasi, dan
substitusi asam amino V27I pada protein M2 virus AI subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.3.2
asal Indonesia yang diisolasi tahun 2013 dan 2016 berperan terhadap resistensi
amantadine hydrochloride
DETEKSI VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTIPE H5N1 DI BEBERAPA PASAR UNGGAS HIDUP DALAM WILAYAH PROVINSI JAWA BARAT SEKITARNYA
Get PDFPada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi virus avian influenza (AI) subtipe H5N1 pada unggas dan lingkungan pasar untuk mengetahui peran pasar sebagai sumber penularan virus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengambilan sampel swab kloaka unggas dan lingkungan di beberapa pasar di wilayah Jawa Barat dan Tangerang. Sampel selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi ribonucleic acid (RNA) dan dilakukan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dengan menggunakan primer AI subtipe H5N1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa virus AI/H5N1 terdeteksi pada unggas dan lingkungan pasar. Disimpulkan bahwa pasar dapat menjadi sumber penularan virus AI subtipe H5N1 terhadap unggas lainnya
Vaccination of Quails with Bivalent Inactivated H5N1 AI Vaccine (Clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2) at Laboratory Scale
Get PDFQuails, Coturnix sp, are commercially bred for meat and egg production in order to support the needs for animal protein. Cases of H5N1 Avian Influenza still occur sporadically at quail farms. Vaccination become an option as a precaution against possible exposure to H5N1 AI virus. Thirty quails were vaccinated with bivalent inactivated H5N1 AI vaccine (clade 2.1.3 and 2.3.2) and 10 quails were used as control group. The quails were vaccinated with one dose (0.3 ml) per bird intramuscularly at the age of 23 days and booster was done at the age of 45 days. The response after a single vaccination showed that antibody titers were not optimal, but after the booster vaccination the antibody titers showed 4.2 log2 in average against the H5N1 AI antigen of clade 2.1.3 and 3.7 log2 against the antigen of clade 2.3.2. A challenge test with H5N1 influenza virus either with clade 2.1.3 or clade 2.3.2 indicated a 70% protection. Nevertheless, viral shedding was detected ≥7 days post-challenge. As conclusion, vaccination with inactivated bivalent vaccine H5N1 AI clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 induced antibody that were was not homogenous nor optimal
Sirkulasi virus Avian influenza H5N1 Tahun 2010 : Virus genetic drift mirip A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 ditemukan di beberapa kabupaten di Sumatra dan Jawa
No full textThe avian influenza H5N1 virus circulation in 2010 : Genetic Drift Like Virus A/Chicken/
West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 was found in several districts of Sumatra and Java. Until 2011, the
H5N1 subtype of AI virus is still circulating in many parts of Indonesia. The discovery of the
AI viruses which have undergone genetic drift since 2006 until now requires serious attention
from the government in terms of AI disease control, the surveillance and monitoring of virus
circulation and execution of genetic mapping to determine the genetic character of the AI
virus at the molecular level, especially on the surface of glycoproteins (HA and NA protein).
This information is needed to determine the diversity and character of the AI virus in Indonesia.
Genetic data are used to evaluate the strategy to control AI in Indonesia, such as vaccination
and the vaccine seed used and determine the extent of AI virus mutation in Indonesia has been
mutated. This study conducted by monitoring of the AI virus circulation throughout 2010.
The methods used were AI virus isolation, RT-PCR, sequencing of genes coding for viral
surface and the prediction of three-dimensional analysis to determine the location of virus
mutation. The results of this study showed that most of the AI virus subtype H5N1, which was
isolated during the year 2010, showed similar mutations to the genetic drift virus in 2006, A /Ck/
West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006. The viruses were characterized by the presence of 18-19 amino acid
substitutions at the level of the HA protein. On the NA protein level, there is a single mutation
which was buried in the NA molecule. This mutation probably did not influence for NA
activity. Genetic mapping of AI virus subtype H5N1 in 2010 showed that the viral genetic drift
as the mutan virus A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 have circulated not only in West Jawa alone
but has been found on the island of Sumatra, Banten, West Jawa and East Jawa
Ekspresi Sitokin Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) dan Interferon (IFN-γ) pada sel MDCK yang diinfeksi virus avian influenza subtipe H5N1 asal Indonesia
No full textPenderita dengan penyakit H5N1 mempunyai ciri khas berupa komplikasi pneumonia dengan sindrom acute
respiratory disterss dan kegagalan multi organ yang dikaitkan dengan disregulasi sitokin, sehingga diduga bahwa
bentuk klinis penyakit H5N1 parah pada manusia adalah disregulasi sitokin akibat induksi virus. Penelitian tentang
sitokin yang berhubungan dengan infeksi virus influenza H5N1 masih terbatas, sedangkan penelitian dengan
hewan coba dengan menggunakan virus H5N1/97 memberikan hasil yang bertentangan. Penelitian terbaru,
menunjukkan bahwa ternyata tingginya sitokin bukan merupakan bentuk umum dari semua virus H5N1, sehingga
patogenesitas virus H5N1 bukan hanya ditentukan oleh dapat atau tidaknya virus tersebut menginduksi
hipersitokinemia. Pada penelitian ini kami ingin mengetahui fenotipe dari virus H5N1 asal Indonesia dalam
menginduksi ekspresi sitokin. Studi ini menggunakan tiga virus H5N1 asal Indonesia yang mempunyai variasi
genetik berbeda yaitu satu virus termasuk clade yaitu clade 2.1.1 dan dua virus lainnya termasuk dalam clade 2.1.3
yang diinfeksikan dalam sel Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) yang diamati selama 72 jam. Sel MDCK yang
diinfeksi virus H5N1 diamati selama 72 jam, dan ekspresi sitokin diketahui dengan menggunakan metode RTPCR.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa virus avian influenza yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini
menunjukkan tidak adanya ekspresi sitokin tinggi dan adanya perbedaan ekspresi sitokin IFN-γ diantara virus
H5N1, serta ketiga virus H5N1 tidak menunjukkan adanya ekspresi terhadap sitokin TNFα pada sel MDCK yang
diinfeksi virus H5N1 clade 2.1.1 dan clade 2.1.3 dalam kurun waktu 72 jam setelah infeksi
Virus Influenza Novel H1N1 Babi di Indonesia
No full textNovel H1N1 influenza virus in Swine in Indonesia. Novel H1N1 influenza virus occurred since
April 2009 has caused mortality in human population. In Indonesia, this situation require
intensive surveillance to prevent reassortant probability between the H5N1 virus and novel
H1N1 virus. This study conduct preliminary surveillance of novel H1N1 virus circulation by
using Real Time-Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), that validated
by CDC to detect novel H1N1 virus. Result of this study revealed that the influenza novel
H1N1 virus was detected in swine/pigs in Indonesia especially in Bulan island and two individual
sample from Kapok slaughter house in Jakarta. These findings showed that in Indonesia the
novel H1N1 virus is not only found in human but also has circulated in swine in Indonesia
DAYA ANTI BAKTERI MADU ALAMI DAN EKSTRAK PROPOLIS LEBAH TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya anti bakteri madu alami dan ekstrak propolis lebah, bahan antibakterial yang lebih peka serta konsentrasi bahan antibakterial yang . efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus
The Character of Influenza Virus the H7 Subtype and Alert to Novel Influenza Virus H7N9 Subtype Virus
Get PDFInfluenza virus subtype H7 influenza viruses as well as other influenza virus geographically divided into two distinct genetic lineages, North American (H7N2, H7N3) or Eurasian (H7N7 and H7N3). Unlike the AI virus subtypes H5, since 1997 until now, all the infections caused by the H5 virus has Neuraminidase subtype 1 but H7 subtype of AI virus that transmitted successfully to humans have variety of Neuraminidase, so it seems compatible with H7 subtype. In poultry, the H7 subtype of AI virus typically causes mild symptoms, although there are also several outbreaks caused by this subtype virus, so it did not cause panic and active surveillance activities to identify this virus. It is very different from the H5N1 virus which caused many deaths and losses in poultry that infected with H5N1 virus so that it can be identified quickly. In April 2013, China reported a new AI virus is novel H7N9 which resulted in several people died. The world became aware of the H7N9 virus spreading to outside from China, it takes vigilance to be able to anticipate the disease, including Indonesia. Analysis of novel H7N9 virus showed that all genes of the virus is of avian origin, and the three other genes of the virus are reassorment from six internal genes of the AI virus A (H9N2) A/brambling/Beijing/16/2012, HA gene derived from A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011 (H7N3), and NA genes thought to have come from A/wildbird/Korea/A14/2011 (H7N9). Epidemiological studies show that 77% of people infected by H7N9 have direct or indirect contact with animals including poultry when visiting or working in live poultry markets. Novel H7N9 virus was also found in pigeons, chickens, and environmental that have high genetic similarities with the novel H7N9 virus that infects humans. Until now (May 2013), a novel H7N9 virus has not been identified in Indonesia, so as a precaution and because the symptoms caused by the H7N9 virus is not visible (mild symptom) in poultry so that the necessary actions as follows: 1) Active surveillance (market traditionally, backyard chicken including pigeons), 2) Updating method of diagnosis, and 3) The study of human-animal interface, and 4) the study of AI complete virus genome to detect novel influenza viruses, including influenza H7N9 novel virus. Key words: Subtype H7 of Avian Influenza virus, China, novel H7N9, virus reassortan
APOPTOSIS STUDY OF INDONESIAN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS SUBTYPE H5N1 IN MADIN-DARBY CANINE KIDNEY CELLS
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the ability of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 originated from Indonesia to induce apoptosis in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. Three HPAI virus subtype H5N1 isolates with different genetic characteristic namely A/Bird/Bali1/2011, A/Chicken/East Java/BwiI2/2010 and A/Chicken/West Java/1074/2003, were cultured in MDCK cells. Apoptosis was identified by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation of infected MDCK cells using Apoptotic DNA Ladder Kit. The results showed that all three HPAI virus isolates used in this study did not able to induce apoptosis in the MDCK cells within 5 to 72 hours post infection
Amantadine resistance of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus from Waterfowl in Indonesia
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to know the sensitivity of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV from Indonesia to antiviral drug (amantadine) through molecular and in vitro tests. The study was conducted by virus isolation and identification, nucleotide analysis, and susceptibility to the amantadine hydrocloride in MDCK cells. The study result represented that the mean EID50 isolates of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV was determined of 108 EID50/ml. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of M2 gene from six viruses of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV from Indonesia were closed with H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV avian influenza viruses from Vietnam, China, Hongkong. The substitution of M2 protein (V27I) was identified in six isolates H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV isolated from Indonesia. Avian influenza of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 subtype from Indonesia produced the formation of CPE and the positive HA reaction with non-toxic concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in MDCK cells. The result of genetic analysis of M2 gene for amantadine resistance was related with the results of HA test and the formation of CPE in MDCK cells. These results established that amantadine resistance have been identified in H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV viruses isolated from Indonesi
