Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Embryo Production and Development from Superovulated Donors in Double-Muscled Cattle and Their Crosses
Full text linkBelgian Blue was introduced in Indonesia to increase the biodiversity of livestock genetic resources. Belgian Blue was crossed with Ongole grade to increase the productivity of local cattle. Therefore, this study evaluates reproduction traits, especially the response to superovulation, embryonic development, and quality of Belgian Blue, Ongole grade, and their crosses. Estrous was synchronized with intravaginal progesterone Cue-Mate before artificial insemination (AI). Superovulation was performed with Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) intramuscularly with non-surgical embryo flushing. In addition, embryo quality was assessed microscopically according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) criteria. The study was performed in a quasi-experimental design, and data were analyzed with an analysis of variance. After superovulation, oocytes/embryos were obtained from all donor breeds. Oocyte and embryo production from Ongole grade and Belgian Blue differed at 11.83±1.91 and 4.86±1.33, respectively, P0.05 (mean±SEM). In addition, there are differences in recovery rate (89.63% vs. 75.35%) and fertilization rate (77.35% vs. 68.22%) between Ongole grade and Belgian Blue, respectively (P0.05). There is no difference in embryo development quality and proportion of transferable embryos between Ongole grade, Belgian Blue, and their crosses. This study concluded that the cross-bred Belgian Blue x Ongole donor had identical oocyte and embryo production, recovery rate, fertilization rate, and degenerative embryos compared to its purebred
Nuclear Maturation Competence and Pronuclear Formation in Ovine Oocytes Supplemented with L-ergothioneine in Maturation Medium
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplementing maturation medium with L-ergothioneine on nuclear maturation competence and pronuclei formation of ovine oocytes in vitro. In the first study, oocytes were divided into four groups and matured for 24 hours in a maturation medium supplemented with 0 mM (control), 10 mM, 15 mM, and 20 mM LE. In the second study, oocytes were divided into two groups and matured for 24 hours in a maturation medium supplemented with 0 mM LE (control) and 10 mM LE (optimal dose from the first study), then co-incubated with sperm in a fertilization medium for 12 hours. The results of the first study showed that the maturation rate of oocytes enriched with LE 10 mM (88.74±1.79%) and 15 mM (87.52±2.30%) in maturation medium was significantly different (P0.05) compared to the control (78.55±1.78%) and LE 20 mM (77.37±1.21%). Furthermore, the results of the second study revealed that the fertilization rate of oocytes with 10 mM LE (75.55±3.47%) supplementation in maturation medium had a significantly higher percentage of two pronuclei formation than control (63.78±3.49%). In conclusion, supplementing 10 mM LE in a maturation medium improved oocyte nuclear maturation competence and fertilization rates
Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Protein-Energy Synchronization Index-Based Ration: an In Vitro Study
No full textThe study examined the effect of protein-energy synchronization (PES) index-based rations on the rumen fermentation profile. The material used was the Jawa Randu goat's rumen fluid, collected soon after the goat was slaughtered. The treatment ration consisted of elephant grass, lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), coconut meal, tofu waste, bran, cassava waste, and mineral mix arranged based on the PES index of each feed ingredient. The research was conducted in vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment consisted of 4 PES indexes, namely 0.55 (R1); 0.6 (R2); 0.65 (R3); 0.7 (R4), and each had 5 replications. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and orthogonal polynomials (OP). The results of the ANOVA showed that the PES index did not affect the production of acetate (C2) and butyrate (C4) but had a highly significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, a total of volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate (C3), C2:C3 ratio, methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). The analysis of OP showed a quadratic effect on all variables with the equation Y= - 81.601X2 + 375.04X – 310.78 (DMD), Y= -433.69X2 + 522.69X – 128.75 (OMD), Y=-44X2 + 54.04X – 9.9 (pH), Y= -2160X2 + 2576.8X – 604.2 (VFA Total), Y= -481.8X2 + 585.01X – 143.45 (C3), Y = 50.93X2 – 60.177X + 21.067 (C2:C3), Y = 202.45X2 – 223.18X + 103.41 (CH4), Y= 436X2 – 552.28X + 181.08 (NH3), dan Y= -1012X2 + 1260X – 311.64 (MPS). Protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of 0.6 achieved the best rumen fermentability. The formulation of the PES index-based ration of 0.6 had the most effective compared to other indexes based on the high of propionate, the lowest methane, the lowest NH3, and the best microbial protein synthesis. The ration with an index of 0.6 is composed of 30% elephant grass, 30% Leucaena leucocephala, 10% coconut meal, 10% tofu waste, 10% rice brand, 9% cassava waste, and 1% mineral mix
An Empirical Evaluation of Policy Options for Increasing Dairy Production in Indonesia: A System Dynamics Approach
No full textDomestic dairy production in Indonesia grows slower than consumption, resulting in an excess demand that imports must fulfill. Accelerating dairy production can no longer be solved partially; a holistic system approach is required. This study aims to empirically evaluate the policy options for accelerating dairy production in Indonesia. The data used in this study were secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Industry, the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, Bank Indonesia, and FAO. A system dynamics approach was used to construct the model and describe the short-, medium-, and long-term impacts based on policy scenario options. The empirical results showed that the calf rearing program policy, increased female dairy cattle imports, higher conception rates, and import tariffs all positively impacted the share of domestic dairy production to dairy demand. On the other hand, a policy of increasing dairy consumption, if not accompanied by an increase in domestic dairy production, harms the domestic dairy production share. Except for the policy of increasing dairy consumption, all policy scenarios increased the long-term share of domestic dairy production more than the short- and medium-term. It is concluded that an optimistic policy through calf rearing, increased import of female cows, conception rate, and maintaining import tariffs was the best policy with the highest impact on increasing the share of domestic dairy production compared to pessimistic and moderate policies
The 84-bp Indel Polymorphism of The Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1) Gene in Several Cattle Breeds in Indonesia
Full text linkSterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) gene is a gene that encodes SREBP1, a family of transcription factors that have a key role in lipid homeostasis as well as fatty acid metabolisms. The present study aimed to detect the 84-bp indel polymorphism in the intron 5 of the SREBP1 gene (84-bp indel) in several cattle breeds in Indonesia. A total of 740 cattle of six breeds (Limousin, Simmental, Holstein-Friesian, Bali, Sumbawa, and Pasundan) from two National Artificial Insemination Centers (NAICs) and smallholder farmers were used in this study. The detection of 84-bp indel polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and visualized through a gel agarose electrophoresis system. The study showed that the L allele (insertion-type) was common and is fixed in Holstein-Friesian, Bali, and Sumbawa cattle (1.00). Meanwhile, the S allele (deletion-type) was found in Limousin, Simmental, and Pasundan cattle with a frequency of 0.24, 0.16, and 0.01, respectively. The presence of the S allele in Pasundan cattle was only found in the form of the heterozygous LS genotype (0.03). In conclusion, the 84-bp indel of the SREBP1 gene was found to be polymorphic in Limousin, Simmental, and Pasundan cattle, but monomorphic in Holstein-Friesian, Bali, and Sumbawa cattle
Production Performance and Sperm Characteristics of Quail (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) with Different Concentrations of Yolk Immunoglobulin
Full text linkQuails are classified according to their immunity to different IgY concentrations. Quail IgY concentrations range from 0 to 1200 µg ml-1, and these IgY concentrations may affect production and reproductive performance. This study aimed to analyze IgY concentrations in male quail and to compare production and reproductive performance at different IgY concentrations. Forty-two male quail at five weeks of age participated in the study, including 29 quail with low IgY concentration (210-393 µg ml-1) and, 13 with intermediate IgY concentration (403-564 µg ml-1). The observed productive performances were feed intake, initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, morbidity, and mortality. In addition, this study observed testicular weight and macroscopic and microscopic semen quality for reproductive traits. Differences in production and reproductive performance of each group were analyzed using an independent-sample t-test. The result showed that male quail with different IgY concentrations were equal in all productive traits (P0.05). This means that male quail with low IgY and medium IgY concentrations are equally good. Testicular weight, semen color and pH were identical at different IgY concentrations. Quails with low IgY concentrations have better sperm consistency, which is related to the weight of the testes, which are heavier in quails with low IgY concentrations than in those with moderate IgY concentrations. This consistency is related to the concentration of sperm in the semen. The result concludes IgY concentrations in male quail did not affect production performance. Quails with low IgY concentration had thicker sperm consistency and higher sperm concentration
Effect of Carbohydrate Type and Phenotype on the Quality of Post-Thawing Frozen Semen of KUB Chicken
Full text linkThe superior Balitbangtan Kampung Chicken (KUB) chickens have different phenotypes. It was reported that the chicken phenotype was related to semen quality. This study aimed to determine the post-thawing characteristics and quality of KUB chicken semen with different phenotypes frozen in Ringer's lactate egg yolk (RLEY) diluent with the addition of fructose or glucose. Semen was collected using the massaging method from 20 KUB chickens with a single comb phenotype and black or dark brown feather color with a red feather neck (SCNR), green-black single comb with white feather neck collar (SCNW), pea comb and black feathers or dark brown fur with a red neck (PCNR), and a green-black pea comb with a white neck (PCNW). Semen from each chicken phenotype was divided into three parts or frozen in three types of diluents: RLEY, RLEY+fructose (RLEYF), and RLEY+glucose (RLEYG). The highest sperm motility was found in the diluent with the addition of glucose in the SCNR and PCNW phenotypes (P0.05). The highest sperm viability was shown in the RLEYG diluent in the PCNW phenotype (P0.05). The highest abnormality was found in the RLEY and RLEYF diluents in the SCNW, PCNR, and PCNW groups, whereas in the RLEYG group, it was only found in the PCNR group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the type of glucose and chicken phenotype influences the quality of post-thawing semen. The best is found in diluents with glucose attachments in the SCNR phenotype
Meat Quality Characteristics of IPB-D1 Chicken and the Final Stock from Different Locations
No full textThe increasing demand for animal protein encourages innovations development of new livestock types or breeds. IPB-D1 chicken is an improved local chicken for their productivity. Its rearing was carried out in Sukabumi and Bekasi Regency. Physical, chemical, and microbiological quality testing of IPB-D1 chicken meat was carried out at the Integrated IPTP Laboratory and the Microbiology Laboratory of Livestock Products, and organoleptic testing was carried out in the Organoleptic Room, both of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The research was carried out from February to June 2022. The scope of this research includes chicken rearing at two locations and sampling that aims to test the physical, chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic quality. The chickens tested were the IPB-D1 Sukabumi chicken, IPB-D1 Bekasi chicken, IPB-D1 final stock Sukabumi chicken, IPB-D1 Bekasi final stock chicken, and Kampong, Sentul, and broiler chickens, which consist of 15 chickens each. At each location, sampling was carried out 10 times as a replication. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The results showed that the quality of IPB-D1 chicken meat and its Final Stock did not have a significant difference (P0.05) in physical quality aspects such as pH and water holding capacity (WHC) but had a significant difference (P0.05) in cooking loss and tenderness than Kampong, Sentul, and broilers. Meanwhile, the chemical quality of IPB-D1 broilers and their final stock showed significantly different results (P0.05) in the fat content of the meat. As for the parameters of ash content, protein, minerals, and cholesterol showed no significant difference (P0.05). Microbiological quality analysis in the form of total bacterial colonies (total plate count) of IPB-D1 broilers and its Final Stock was 105 CFU/g. These results are still within the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limits set by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency in 2009. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to improve handling methods, hygienic packaging, and sanitation so that the quality of broilers can be improved and microbial contamination can be minimized
Association of DGAT1 Gene Related to Flavor, Odor, Cholesterol, and Mineral in Indonesian Sheep
Full text linkDiacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a potential candidate gene for improving Indonesian lamb’s quality and nutrient value. The study aimed to identify the diversity of the DGAT1 gene with SNP g.8539 CT and its relation to Indonesian lamb's flavor and odor, cholesterol, and mineral. Total of 254 ten to twelve months old sheep consisted of 20 Javanese fat-tail sheep (JFTS), 107 Javanese thin-tail sheep (JTTS), 10 Garut composite sheep (GCS), 10 Compass agrinak sheep (CAS), 10 Barbados cross sheep (BCS), 20 Garut sheep (GS), 27 Jonggol sheep (JS), and 50 Jambi local sheep (JLS). One hundred sheep were used to analyze the association of the DGAT1 gene with flavor and odor content, cholesterol, and mineral. The diversity of DGAT1|AluI was analyzed with the PCR-RFLP method. The association of the DGAT1 gene with the nutritional value of meat was analyzed using the GLM (General Linear Model) method. The results showed that the DGAT gene was polymorphic in JTTS, GS, and JFTS and monomorphic in CAS, BCS, JLS, and GCS. CC and CT genotypes were found in JTTS, GS, and JFTS. SNP g.8539 CT of DGAT1 gene had a significant association (P0.05) with flavor and odor, 4-Ethyloctanoic Acid (EOA). However, the DGAT1 gene had no significant association (P0.05) with cholesterol and mineral. The DGAT1 gene might be marker-assisted selection for improving lamb flavor and odor in Indonesian sheep
Influence of Sperm Number and Antioxidant Melatonin in Extender on the Quality of Post-Thawing Sheep Spermatozoa
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine the effect of spermatozoa concentration and the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in diluent on the quality of post-thawing semen. Ejaculated semen was collected using the artificial vaginal method (MVB). The study was carried out in two stages, firstly semen was frozen in andromed diluent with different concentrations in one straw (50, 100, 200 million per straw), and the second was frozen semen in diluent supplemented with melatonin with different doses (0, 0,5, 1, 0 and 1.5 mM melatonin). Parameters observed were the movement of spermatozoa using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested using Duncan's test. The results showed no significant difference in the quality and movement pattern of sheep semen when frozen at concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 million per straw (P 0.05). Furthermore, adding melatonin to the diluent in this study affected spermatozoa's total motility and progressive motility at a concentration of 1.0 mM (P0.05) but did not significantly affect the percentage of spermatozoa motility pattern characteristics. From the results, it can be concluded that the concentration of per straw spermatozoa does not affect the quality of sheep semen, and melatonin supplementation in diluent can reduce the effects of the frozen-thawed process on motility, acrosome cap, and plasma membrane integrity in sheep semen. Melatonin supplementation with a concentration of 1 mM in the extender was the highest quality concentration in this study