Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Farmers’ Perceptions and Behavior which Affecting the Adoption Rate of KUB Chickens
Full text linkKUB chicken as a superior breed produced by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Instrument Standardization (IAAIS) becomes one of the solutions in an effort to increase the need for animal protein. KUB chicken breeds have been successfully disseminated to all provinces in Indonesia. Thus the rate of adoption and behavior of breeders in maintaining the sustainability of KUB chicken rearing needs to be analyzed because the breeds that are disseminated may not be successfully developed in a certain area. This research will collaborate between the two theories; "Theory of Planned Behavior" (TPB) and "Technology Acceptance Model" (TAM). It was conducted in June 2022 in the City of Salatiga, Semarang and Magelang, Central Java Province. The determination of the research location was based on the consideration that there was a KUB chicken breeders group that already had a KUB chicken breeder association called AnaKUB (KUB Chicken Breeders Association) and a breeding population that met the sampling requirements. The purpose of this research was to analyze the perception factors and breeders behavior that affect the adoption rate of KUB Chicken Technology in Central Java Province, Indonesia. ). The combined results of path analysis (path) and regression analysis on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, it can be concluded that perceived benefits (25.3%), ease of raising KUB chickens (23.9%), attitudes (21.2%), subjective norms (16.7%) and perceptions of control behavior (17.3%) have a positive effect on the intention to adopt KUB chickens. The perceived benefits (45.8%) and the perceived ease of raising KUB chickens (50.1%) have a very positive effect on the attitude variable of the farmer. Important people including family members have an important role in supporting the maintenance of KUB chickens, while extension workers have not contributed much in supporting breeders to adopt KUB chickens. Collaboration of two theories has a mutually influencing relationship, especially towards attitudes and intentions to adopt KUB chickens which have a positive effect on the adoption rate. The adoption rate of KUB chicken is 3.32 (66.40%), this shows that the adoption rate of breeders in the Central Java region, is classified as high adoption
Performances of Post-weaned Pasundan Calves Fed Extra Diets in an Extensive Grazing System
Full text linkChanging from the pre-weaning to the post-weaning period is a transition from liquid to solid feed accompanied by a dramatic transformation of the GI tract. Supplemental solid feeding of grazing post-weaning calves is expected to improve their productivity. The study aimed to determine the effect of extra diet on the performances of post-weaned Pasundan calves (15 males and 15 females) that were grazed, using a completely randomized design of 2x3 factorials (two sex factors x three diet factors). The diet treatments were that post-weaned Pasundan calves were grazed: without being given extra diets (grazing/control), extra diets without urea-impregnated zeolite (extra diet-1), and extra diets with urea-impregnated zeolite (extra diet-2). The parameters were diet consumption (only for extra diets, unmeasured grazing consumption), body weights, and body condition. The data were analyzed with GLM Univariate. The results showed: The interaction between diet treatment and sex did not affect all the observed parameters. Consumption of extra diet-1 (529.37±3.06 g DM/head/day) was higher (P0.05) than extra diet-2 consumption (525.17±1.96 g DM/head/day), but after a correction of body weight, the result was no different. Sex factors did not affect all observed parameters. The ADG of post-weaned calves fed extra diet-1 (155.8±27.5 g), or extra-2 diet (124.2±56.3 g) was higher (P0.05) than the grazing (66.67±35.8 g). The extra diet-1 produced a higher change in body condition (1.8±0.78, P0.05) than extra diet-2 or grazing (1.2±0.42). In conclusion, feeding extra diet-1 to post-weaned Pasundan calves increased ADG by 234% and improved the body condition by 150% better than calves that were only grazed in an extensive grazing system
Polymorphism of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in Bali Cattle
No full textThe melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a gene that controls growth traits. This gene is embedded in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and regulates body weight. Previous studies have successfully identified the genetic diversity of the MC4R associated with growth traits. However, studies on Bali cattle are limited. This study aimed to identify the SNP markers of the MC4R gene and its effect on birth body weight, weaning body weight, weaning chest girth, weaning withers height, weaning body length, yearling body weight, yearling chest girth, yearling withers height, and yearling body length in Bali cattle (n=43). The MC4R genotype was identified by sequencing and aligned using BioEdit v.7.2.5. The association between genotype and growth traits was analyzed using the GLM procedure and DMRT in RStudio program v.2022.02. Four SNPs were identified in the exon region: g.355GT, g.394CT, g.463GA, and g.682GA. Based on the Chi-square test, the population was fitted with HWE (p0.05). Genotype-phenotype association based on SNPs showed no significant result (p0.05) where the g.682GA (AG) locus had values of WB (104.33+17.15 kg), WCG (112.83+3.66 kg), WBL (89.50+3.94 kg), YB (124.17+22.44 kg), YCG (120.50+5.50 kg), and YBL (92.83+4.31 kg) higher than the other genotypes. Association based on haplotype type showed significant results (p0.05) in BB, where haplotype 2 had the highest BB (21.17+0.75 kg). In conclusion, the SNP markers found in this study were polymorphic but did not affect growth traits in Bali cattle
Quality of Physical and Sensory of Super-native Chicken Breast Marinated with Herbs and Spices with Different Levels of Marination Concentration
Full text linkSuper-native chickens result from crosses between male native chickens and laying hens. The diversification of processed products from super-native chicken can be developed into ready-to-cook products by marinating them with local herbs and spices. This research was conducted on the effect of marination concentrations of different local herbs and spices on the hedonic quality of super-native chicken breast. The research material consisted of super-native chicken breast, chili powder, sugar, salt, pepper, garlic, cinnamon, palm oil, lime juice, monosodium glutamate, and ginger. The treatment levels of marination concentration were 10, 20, and 30% of the weight of the meat. Physical quality parameters tested were color, pH value, moisture, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, yield, and hardness. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. In addition, sensory quality was tested by a hedonic quality test by 40 untrained panelists. The hedonic quality parameters tested were color, flavor, taste, texture, tenderness, and juiciness. The data from the physical quality test were analyzed by analysis of variance. The hedonic quality test results were analyzed by non-parametric analysis through the Kruskal-Wallis hedonic test. If there was a significant difference (P0.05), the test was continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the concentration level of different local herbs and spices marination could affect the physical quality (redness, pH value, and moisture) and sensory (color and texture) of super-native chicken breast. The marination concentration of local herbs and spices at 20% level was the best treatment based on hedonic quality with a smooth meat texture and a score of 3.98
Changes in the Qualitative Composition of the milk of Holstein Cows During Summer Chronic Heat Stress
Full text linkSeasonal summer heat stress leads to significant economic losses, resulting in a drop in milk yield in dairy cows and a deterioration in milk quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in some qualitative parameters of milk in Holstein cows during chronic heat stress on one of the largest commercial dairy farms Ukraine (50°49′14″ N, 31°49′23″ E). Five multiparous cows of medium lactation with a milk yield of about 30 kg per day were randomly selected into the reference (in the spring, at the end of May) and the experimental group (in the summer, at the end of August). Milk samples were taken from cows during the morning milking. Qualitative analysis of milk included the identification of milk solids-not-fat, density, mass fraction of lactose, fat, protein and minerals, as well as the freezing point, electrical conductivity and active acidity using ultrasonic method. Animals were kept in naturally ventilated barns. The total mixed single-type balanced diet consisting of corn silage and concentrates that the cows received remained unchanged. The sampling of milk from cows of the experimental group was preceded by a continuous 26-day hot period, during which the maximum daily values of the temperature and humidity index did not fall below 72 units. The results showed that in the milk of the animals of the experimental group there was a significant decrease in the content of milk solids-not-fat, the mass fraction of fat and protein (P0.05). The mass fraction of lactose and minerals tended to increase. It should be noted that the average daily milk yield of dairy cows in the herd in spring and summer was almost at the same level. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that high summer temperatures lead to a deterioration in the quality of milk in Holstein cows. Despite the decrease in milk density and freezing point, these figures met the requirements of the standard. Organoleptic indicators of milk, electrical conductivity and active acidity of milk did not change in hot weather, their value indicated the naturalness of milk. The mass fraction of milk fat, which undergoes the greatest change under the influence of seasonal heat stress, is one of the most valuable components of milk, which has a direct effect on nutritional value and purchase price of raw milk. Therefore, a further deeper study of the fatty acid composition of milk using the method of chromato-mass spectrometry will provide valuable data necessary to search for possible herd management strategies to maintain high milk quality under conditions of seasonal heat stress
Performance and Growth Curve Prediction of Crossbred Chickens from Crossing between Local Roosters and Layer Hens
No full textDemand for crossbred chicken (Indonesian native chicken x laying hens) continues to increase. This study aimed to find the best-crossbred chicken resulting from crossing between local/native roosters and laying hens which produce the highest body weight up to eight weeks of age, and its growth prediction using the Gompertz function. Eighteen (18) native roosters (9 Bangkok roosters, 9 Pelung roosters) and 36 laying hens of strains Isa brown, Lohman brown, and Hyline brown (12 each) were used in this study to produce 360 crossbred chickens. Factorial 2x3 (two male local roosters versus three strains of laying hens) using a completely randomized design with 3 replications was applied in this study. The results showed an interaction between native roosters and layer hens on the body weight of crossbred chickens at eight weeks of age. Crossbred chicken from crossing between Pelung rooster and Isa brown layer hen was the best in body weight at eight weeks of age. This crossbred chicken would reach a mature weight of 3026.89 g with an inflection weight of 1113.53 g and an inflection age of 7.40 weeks. In conclusion, crossbred chicken from crossing between Pelung roosters and layer hens of Isa brown strain was the best crossbred with the highest body weight at eight weeks of age. This crossbred chicken could be an alternative for fulfilling the demand for local chicken in Indonesia because the slaughter age could be shortened from 8 months to 8 weeks
Effect of Dietary with Different Energy and Protein Levels on Laying Quails Performance
Full text linkThe performance of quail is a function of several production factors, one of which is feed. However, the optimum metabolizable energy and crude protein for the performance of laying quails currently needs to be revised. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding diets with different metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on the performances of laying quails. Five hundred forty (540) laying quails aged eight weeks were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with 15 laying quails per replicate. Dietary treatments comprised three metabolizable energy levels (2,700, 2,800, and 2,900 kcal/kg) and three crude protein levels (17, 19, and 21%) in a factorial research methodology arrangement. After one week of the adaptation period, the feeding trial was conducted for five weeks (9-13 weeks old). Interaction between metabolizable energy and crude protein levels was recorded on feed intake (P 0.05). Feed intake was reduced along with the increase in the metabolizable energy when crude protein levels were 17 and 19%. However, the feed intake tended to be improved when high metabolizable energy was combined with high crude protein contents (2,900 kcal/kg and 21%, respectively). No interaction was recorded on the other variables (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio) (P 0.05). Feeding diets with different metabolizable energy levels had a significant effect on feed conversion ratio (P 0.05) but without any significant impact on egg production, egg weight, and egg mass of laying quails (P 0.05). Crude protein as a single factor significantly affects egg production, weight, mass, and feed conversion ratio of laying quails (P 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that metabolizable energy intake linearly improved egg production, weight, mass, and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, crude protein intake linearly improved egg production, weight, mass, and feed conversion ratio. Therefore, feeding diets containing 2900 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 21% crude protein are required to provide optimum performance of laying quails
Effect of Zinc Supplementation in the Diet on Sikumbang Janti Female Duck Performance, Carcass, Digestive Organs, and Intestinal Morphology
Full text linkThe research aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn supplementation in diet of Sikumbang Janti female duck on its performance, carcass, digestive organs, and intestinal morphology. The study used 96 female ducks aged 8 weeks. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 30, 60, and 90 mg Zn/kg), each treatment was repeated four times. Performance, carcass, digestive organs, and intestinal morphology were observed. The results showed that Zn supplementation significantly (P0.05) affected body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, abdominal fat, and intestinal morphology, but it did not affect (P0.05) feed consumption, carcass percentage, and digestive organs. In conclusion, supplementation of 60 mg Zn/kg in the diet improved performance, intestinal morphology, and the health of visceral of Sikumbang Janti female ducks aged 8 to 16 weeks
Changes in Physiological Condition of Broiler Chickens Sprayed with Water before Transportation
Full text linkTransportation to the slaughterhouse is a series of processes that can cause high levels of stress in broilers. Heat stress will increase if the distance between the farm and the slaughterhouse is far. One of the solutions to overcome heat stress due to transportation is to do watering a few minutes before the transportation so that the broilers are still able to maintain their homeostatic conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of watering methods before transportation with different distances on the haematological, hormonal, and quality status of broiler chickens. This study was arranged based on a factorial randomized block design (RAK). A total of 54 broilers of the Cobb strain aged 35 days were divided into 2 treatments, namely; without watering (P0) and watering (P1). Chickens in each treatment were transported to the poultry slaughterhouse with 2 different distances; 30km (J1) and 60km (J2), as well as 1 control treatment (without transport) (J0). Watering is done just before the transportation process. The results showed that the transportation distance increased the yellowness value (b*) of the breast meat, decreased the brightness value (L*), and increased the pH of the broiler thigh meat (P0.05). Hematocrit values, hemoglobin levels, and concentrations of the hormone triiodothyronine (T3), other meat color components, as well as the pH of the breast meat, did not change significantly, both in terms of watering, distance traveled, and the interaction between the two (P0.05). The solution of water spraying before transportation on different distances could not restore the hematology and hormonal status, as well as the meat quality of the broiler. However, the decline in meat quality was shown in transported broilers
Chemical Content and In Vitro Digestibility of Broiler Litter Fermented at Different Ripen Time
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to examine effect of length of chicken litter fermentation on chemical content and in vitro digestibility. Completely randomized design was applied in this study with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were T0 = no fermentation; T1 = fermentation of chicken litter for 3 weeks; T2 = fermentation of chicken litter for 6 weeks; and T3 = fermentation of chicken litter for 9 weeks. Parameters observed were chemical content and digestibility value of fermented chicken litter. Different fermentation time affected the chemical content of fermented chicken litter, namely water, fat, BETN and TDN content, but did not affect ash content and fiber content. Different fermentation time affected dry matter, protein, fiber fraction digestibility (ADF, NDF, Hemicellulose), but did not affect organic matter digestibility, VFA concentration, NH3 concentration and total protein production of chicken litter. Based on dry matter, ADF, NDF hemicellulose digestibility and VFA concentration, it is concluded that recommended ripen time for chicken litter fermentation is 6 weeks