Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Effect of Body Condition Score on Reproductive Performance and Chest Girth of Bali cows in Different Rearing Systems
Full text linkNutrition and rearing systems are some of the main factors affecting productivity of cows. Body condition score (BCS) is a method used to assess nutritional status and evaluate rearing systems of each animal. This study was done to analyze effect of BCS on reproductive performance and chest girth of Bali cow in different rearing systems. This study was conducted at the Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat Kuamang Abadi, Bungo Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. A total of 62 heads of Bali cow with BCS of 2, 3, and 4 (scale 1-5) reared on intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems were used in this study. This study was conducted using survey and direct observation. Variables observed were as follows: BCS, calving interval (CI), days open (DO), service per conception (S/C) and chest girth (CG). Data were analyzed using simple correlation and regression analysis in SPPS, followed by descriptive analysis. Result showed that the BCS of Bali cow in different rearing systems did not affect CI, DO, S/C and CG. BCS had a weak correlation coefficient (r), with the reproductive performance of CI, DO, and S/C at 0.09, 0.09, and 0.08, respectively. In addition, the relationship between BCS and CG was highly significant, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.532. Therefore, BCS had a positive relationship with CI, DO, S/C, and CG. Moreover, BCS cannot be used as the only indicator to assess the reproductive performance of Bali cow in different rearing systems
Effect of In-ovo Injection of L-Arginine on Hatchability, Chick Quality, Performances and Muscle Histology of Native Chicken
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine on hatchability, chick quality, performances, and muscle histology of native chicken. In-ovo injection was carried out on the 10th day. A total of 375 fertile eggs with an average weight ranged 39-43 g were grouped into 5 treatments. The first treatment was without injection (negative control), the second treatment was injection of NaCl solution 0.9% (positive control), the third treatment was injection of L-arginine solution 0.5 g per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (0.5%, m/v) The fourth treatment was injection of 1.0 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.0%, m/v), and the fifth treatment was injection of 1.5 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.5%, m/v). The injection was carried out at the pointed area of the egg in a vertical position (pointed below, blunt above). The Injection was carried out with a depth of 10 mm from the eggshell using an automatic injector. The results showed that all treatments produced the same hatchability. In-ovo injection of L-arginine has a beneficial effect on chick quality and post-hatch performance, the concentration of L-arginine solution used did not cause embryo death. In-ovo injection of 0.5% L-arginine increased hatching weight, weekly body weight, muscle mass, and myofiber size
Effect of Broiler Litter Based Complete Feed Fermentation Time on Nutrient Content and In vitro Digestibility
Full text linkBroiler litter waste is increasing as the population of broiler chickens increases, on the other hand the need for ruminant feed is increasing so that alternative feeds are needed in the form of complete feed made from litter. This study was aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the nutritional content and digestibility of the complete feed. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications were applied in this study. Treatment T0 = not fermented; T1 = fermentation for 10 days; T2 = fermentation for 24 days; T3 = fermentation for 38 days. Parameters observed were nutrient content, VFA, NH3, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility in vitro using cow rumen. Results showed that fermention of complete feed with 2.5% EM4 starter and 5% probiofeed for 38 days (T3) had a significant effect (P0.05) on nutrient content, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA and NH3. The T3 significantly affected ash content, crude fat, crude protein, BETN, TDN, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA, and NH3 but had no significant effect on water content and crude fiber. It is concluded that the complete feed could be used as an alternative feed for ruminants, and it is easy to obtain, cheap and able to reduce environmental pollution
Effect of Lactobacillus casei and Garlic Powder Administration on Broiler Performance, Immune Response and Blood Profile
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine effect of giving a mixture of Lactobacillus casei and garlic powder (LGP) on broiler performance, immune response and blood profile. One hundred and forty-day old broilers with an average body weight of 43.70 ± 0.88 g were placed randomly in 20 experimental units. Completely randomized design was used in this study, with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was conducted when the chickens were 22-35 days old (finisher phase). The chickens were given a mixture of Lactobacillus casei and garlic powder (LGP) at concentration levels of: 0, 1, 2, and 3%. Parameters measured were blood profile, weight of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus), and carcass production. Data were analyzed for variance and if there was a significant effect, then Duncan’s multiple range test was followed at the 5% level. Results showed that the administration of LGP improved the immune response, carcass weight and final body weight of broiler chickens. The administration of 3% LGP improved immune response and achieved the best broiler performance
Impact of Aging on Sperm Quality of Sentul Roosters
Full text linkThis study was done to determine impact of aging on sperm quality of Sentul roosters. Materials used in this study were Sentul males aged 48, 58, 68 and 78 weeks, NaCl, eosin and aquades. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study with 4 treatments in 5 repetitions. Statistical analysis showed that increasing age of rooster had a very significant effect (p0.01) on decreasing semen consistency, mass motility, spermatozoa concentration and increasing spermatozoa motility. Aging in Sentul roosters affected semen volume significantly (P0.05) but did not significantly affect (p0.05): semen pH, live spermatozoa, and spermatozoa abnormalities. Average volume of semen produced in this study ranged from 0.54-0.88ml; semen pH 6.80-7.12; mass movement score 1.60-3.00; spermatozoa concentration 2.76-4.86 x109/ml; spermatozoa motility 66-79%; Live spermatozoa 91.75-93.10%, and spermatozoa abnormalities 1.75-2.51%. Semen from Sentul males aged 48-68 weeks had a thick consistency and cloudy white in color. At the age of 78 weeks, the consistency varies from thick, medium and liquid. The color of semen in Sentul males aged 78 weeks also varied from clear white to cream. It is concluded that aging in Sentul roosters causes reproductive disorders which are characterized by low sperm quality. The best quality spermatozoa were produced by Sentul roosters aged 58-68 weeks
Influence of Tenebrio molitor L Supplementation on Egg Quality and Omega-3 Content
Full text linkTenebrio molitor L is one of the alternative feed ingredients because it is rich in nutrients, namely protein, vitamins, minerals (calcium), energy, and fat. Tenebrio molitor L also contains 33.64±0.22% omega-3, so it is hoped that the eggs produced contain omega-3. In this study 300 Lohman Brown laying hens of 20-week-old were used. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study with 3 treatments and 10 replications, each replication contained 10 laying hens. Treatments were: P0= Feed containing 5% MBM, P1= Feed containing 2.5% MBM + 2.5% Tenebrio molitor L, and P2= Feed containing 5% Tenebrio molitor L. This research was conducted for 6 months. The variables observed were egg production, egg weight, egg shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk index, and omega-3. Treatment had no influence on egg physical quality but had a significant influence on egg weight. Treatment P0 prodeced the lowest egg weight that was 59.02±0.53 g. Treatment P2 had higher omega-3 contents than P0 and P1 that was 88±0.12 mg 100 g-1. It was concluded that Tenebrio molitor L could replace MBM up to 5% in laying hens feed, improve eggs quality, and omega-3 content in eggs
Physiological Responses, Performance, Behaviour, and Welfare of Garut Sheep Cared using Semi-Intensive System in Indonesia
Full text linkSheep farming in Indonesia still relies on the intensive system which is very labor-intensive, movement restrictions, and reduced quantity of sheep can be kept, developed countries, on the other hand, have evolved a semi-intensive system that may minimize the number of staff while still providing welfare to the sheep. This study aimed to compare the performance, physiological responses, behavior, and welfare of reared Garut sheep in semi-intensive management with outdoor pen and full indoor pen treatments, employing a T-test experimental design using ten replicates (n=10). This experiment used 20 ewes sheep (one-year-old) with an average body weight of 18.74±2.53 kg. This experiment found no difference in dry matter intake (gram/head/day) or average daily gain (gram/head/day) between both treatments (P0.05). When compared to ewes with full indoor pen, ewes with access to outdoor pen had better physiological status especially heart rate and respiratory rate, particularly in the morning and afternoon (P0.05). The ratio of blood N/L for ewes with an outdoor pen showed better results (P0.05), and the rearing environment also did not show any difference nor induce stress on livestock with access to outdoor pen (P0.05). Ewes' welfare increases and they become more active after being provided access to outdoor pen. In conclusion, a semi-intensive system with an outside enclosure enhances Garut ewes' performance while also improving their physiological health and welfare index fulfillment. This approach has to be promoted throughout Indonesia for better farming management
Production Efficiency of Poultry Small-Scale Laying Hen in Indonesia
Full text linkCompetitiveness of layer business was determined by the level of efficiency, which was influenced by the level of technology adoption, production costs, and economy of scale. This study was carried out from April to July aim to analyse the performance of small-scale layer poultry farming. The study site was in the layer production centre, namely in Payakumbuh West Sumatera, Blitar East Java and Sidrap South Sulawesi. Primary data were collected through interviews with 50 farmers and 12 poultry shops at all study sites. Analysis of the efficiency level is using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) software and business feasibility using financial analysis. The following were the main research findings: (1) the development of layer farming technology had not been responded well by farmers so that the production level and mortality of chickens were still below standard; (2) relatively, the level of layer poultry farming efficiency in Sidrap and Payakumbuh was better than in Blitar with a value closer to one, where the inefficiency was due to the use of excessive inputs; and (3) small-scale layer poultry farming was financially feasible, where the determining factors were feed and eggs price. The study recommended the need to add both technical service staff from poultry shops and local agricultural extension workers. Feed costs should be reduced by IDR 1,000 in Blitar and IDR 57 di Sidrap per kilogram of eggs produced per period. In addition, an accurate and better allocation of corn for feed was needed to optimise the ratio of feed and egg price optimal
Household Consumers Perception towards Frozen Beef
Full text linkDemand of beef in Indonesia is higher compared to the domestic beef supply, hence the Indonesian government has established policy to import frozen beef from other countries in order to support the high demand of Indonesia people. However, mosf of Indonesian people prefer to purchase fresh meat (freshly slaughtered beef) rather than frozen beef. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of household consumers who bought beef meat and their perceptions towards frozen beef; including to analyze the relationship between perceptions and consumer characteristics of frozen beef, and to analyze the consumer behavior in making decision to buy frozen beef in Bogor area and DKI Jakarta. Total about 200 households were directly interviewed using structured questionnaire. The questionnaires includes general characteristics of respondents (age, education level, occupation, income, number of family member), purchasing behavior which was analyzed descriptively, and respondents perceptions toward frozen beef which was analyzed by calculating the average value of perception and then categorized based on the level of perception category. Results showed that consumer’s perceptions toward frozen beef according to several aspects had a low score (average final score 2.37), indicated that consumers had a poor perceptions towards frozen beef. Furthermore, most of the respondents who buy beef were housewives who buy meat in traditional markets which only provide fresh meat, they assumed that fresh meat had very good quality because the meat came from slaughtered beef. Those respondents think that freezing causes negative effects on beef, freezing treatment reduce the quality such as changes of meat color and flavour; and reduce nutritional content of beef. It was discovered that socialization about frozen beef and the process of handling frozen meat is required for household consumers to control the quality of beef as well as to increase the consumer’s trusts in purchasing frozen beef
Influence of Duck Eggshell Nano-Calcium Fortification on the Chemical Quality of Beef Sausage
Full text linkDuck eggshells are one of bio-wastes from poultry industry and household that have been disposed. Duck eggshells contain high calcium which can be applied as an alternative source of daily calcium for the body. Nanostructured duck eggshell calcium can be used as a food additive in beef sausage processing. This study was conducted to determine the chemical quality of beef sausage fortified by duck eggshell nano-calcium. The materials include beef, soy protein isolate, palm oil, garlic, salt, pepper, shallot, onion, tapioca, monosodium glutamate, sodium tripolyphosphate, nutmeg, coriander, frankfurter, sugar, duck eggshell nano-calcium, ice, and nano-structured duck eggshell. Treatments for fortification of duck eggshell nano-calcium were 0; 0.15; 0.3; 0.45; and 0.6% of the total dough. Parameters tested were moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, sugar, calcium, sodium, and energy of the sausage. Each treatment consisted of 5 replications. Data collected was analyzed by analysis of variance using completely randomized design and if there was significant different (P0.01) then further tested by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Results showed that the fortification of duck eggshell nano-calcium had a highly significant effect (P0.01) on protein, fat, ash, sugar, calcium, and sodium, but did not affect moisture, carbohydrate, fiber, and energy of beef sausage. Fortification of duck eggshell nano-calcium up to 0.6% increased protein, ash, dan calcium but decreased fat, sugar, and sodium of beef sausage