Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
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Characterisation of Nano-Calcium Lactate from Chicken Eggshells Synthesized by Precipitation Method as Food Supplement
Full text linkOsteoporosis can be prevented by consuming calcium lactate. Calcium that is consumed is generally in a micro-size. Micro-sized calcium is only absorbed by the body by about 50% which can cause deficiency. Eggshells are poultry waste that is rich in calcium and can be used as a cheap source of dietary calcium through nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has been developed to increase calcium absorption. This study aimed to synthesize nano-calcium lactate from chicken eggshells,and commercial calcium oxide by precipitation method. Synthesis was carried out by reacting a solution of 1 mol/L eggshell calcium oxide and commercial calcium oxide (control) as much as 20 ml mixed with a solution of 6 mol/L lactic acids as much as 30 ml with a ratio of 1:1.5 (v/v) for 30 minutes at 50°C at a speed of 500 rpm/minute using a magnetic stirrer. Ethanol 50% was added as much as 20 ml (v/v), oven-dried at 105°C for 72 hours then crushed to produce eggshell nano-calcium lactate (NCaL) powder. Characterisation of NCaL using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Result showed that NCaL in the form of white crystals could be synthesized from chicken eggshells by precipitation method. Characterization with XRD showed that the diffraction angle was 2θ with the peaks of NCaL, namely 9.3800°, 10.3869°, and 22.9570°. Characterization with FTIR obtained a peak in the wavenumber from NCaL, namely 1,589.34 cm-1. Characterization using TEM showed that the crystal size of NCaL was 75 nm
Milk Yield of Dairy Buffaloes Supplemented with Yeast Solution and Yeast-fermented Cassava Pulp
Full text linkFeed resource availability and quality are two of the major factors limiting dairy production in the Philippines. Utilization of microbial-based feed additives and agricultural by-products such as cassava pulp aided by fermentation technology can help provide the needed resource. This study aimed to determine the effect of activated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) solution (AYS) and yeast-fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) on milk production and feed cost-efficiency in dairy buffaloes. The study followed RCBD design using 63 dairy buffaloes at the Philippine Carabao Center in Ubay Stock Farm, Bohol. The average daily milk yield (ADMY) of buffaloes supplemented with 0.5L AYS and 1L AYS twice daily were greater than that of control buffaloes by 0.67L and 0.69L, respectively (P = 0.0039).On the other hand, the ADMY of buffaloes fed with YFCP and YFCP+AYS were greater than that of control buffaloes by 0.64 and 0.68L, respectively (P = 0.0320). Supplementation of AYS and feeding YFCP yielded the lowest cost per liter of milk produced at PhP 20.25 and PhP 16.24, respectively. It is recommended to supplement milking dairy buffaloes with AYS or feeding YFCP in areas with cassava pulp to increase feed resource, increase milk production and improve feed cost-efficiency thereby increasing significantly the farmer’s income
Diversity of SNP c.795A>G PLAG1 Gene and its Association to Birth Weight of Bali Cattle
Full text linkPLAG1 gene is one of those that regulate growth and body size. This study aimedto look at the PLAG1 gene polymorphism and its relationship to birth weight in Bali cattle using PCR-RFLP. The total sample used was 104 samples consisting of 66 Bali cattle from BPTU-HPT Denpasar and 38 Bali cattle from BPT-HMT Serading, each of which had birth weight data. PLAG1 gene polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP and the Sac1 restriction enzyme. The genotype and allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were all examined using Popgen32. General Linear Model was used to analyze the association of SNP 795AG PLAG1 gene with birth weight in Bali cattle. Amplification of the PLAG1 gene resulted in 776 bp fragments and two alleles. The PLAG1 gene had three genotypes: AA (562 bp and 182 bp), AG (562 bp, 182 bp, and 104 bp), and GG (562 bp, 182 bp, and 104 bp). Based on the results, the PLAG1 gene in Bali cattle was polymorphic. The alleles frequency of Bali cattle wasin Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The SNP c.795AG PLAG1 gene genotype were associated with birth weight in Bali cattle. The A allele is a determinant of high birth weight in Bali cattle where the AG genotype has the highest birth weight
Polymorphisms of the Thy1 (Thymocyte Differentiation Antigen 1) Gene in Candidate IPB D2 Chicken Line
No full textThe Thy1 gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is found in many different animals. This gene encodes a Thy1 protein (CD90) which measures 25–37 kDa. Although the function of the Thy1 gene is unknown, it is thought to play a crucial role in the immunological response, particularly in the activation of T cells. The goal of this study was to find a variation in the Thy1 gene in IPB D2 chickens that might be utilized as candidates for immunoresistance genetic markers. A total of 123 samples from IPB D2 chickens consisting of 38 samples from IPB D2 G0 (basic generation) chickens and 85 samples from IPB D2 G2 (second generation) chickens were used in this study. PCR methods and direct-DNA sequencing were used in this study. Data analysis in this study consisted of genotype frequency, allele frequency, observed heterozigosity, expected heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the study discovered two SNPs on the intron (g.2139 CT and g.2542 AG). Four haplotypes were created by combining two SNPs. The g.2139 CTand g.2542 AG were polymorphic, but not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Growth Performance and Cost Benefits of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Ipomoea asarifolia Leaf Meal
Full text linkThis experiment was conducted to determine growth performance and cost benefit of including cooked Ipomoea asarifolia leaf meal (CIALM) in broiler diets. Eight diets were compounded by including Ipomoea asarifolia leaf meal at 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% to form T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively of both starter and finisher diets. One hundred and twenty broiler birds were used in a Complete Randomized Design experiment that lasted for eight weeks. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were measured. Average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, total feed consumed, feed conversion ratio and cost benefit parameters were calculated. In starter phase results showed that there were significant differences (P0.05) between treatment means in all the parameters except initial weight of the birds. There were significant differences (p0.05) between treatment means in all the parameters measured during the finisher phase including the cost analysis parameters except that feed cost decreasing with increasing levels of CIALM and net profit decreased from T1 to T4 because of the decrease in total weight gain from T1 to T4. Final weight gain, total weight gain, average daily feed intake, total feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and feed cost per kg weight gain all decreased with increasing levels of CIALM. Results control diet performed better than other treatment diets which suggest that lower levels of inclusion that is less than 2.5% may give positive results
Mammalian Contribution to Transmission of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in West Lore, Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkStudies on the role of domestic animals in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in the West Lore Sub-district, Poso District, are still limited despite its importance as zoonosis. This study used a cross-sectional design to determine schistosomiasis prevalence in domestic mammals and identify the relative contribution of each mammalian species’ schistosomiasis transmission in the West Lore Sub-District. Fecal samples were obtained from 209 animals (seven buffaloes, 70 dogs, 44 cattle, 86 pigs, and two horses). The Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique was used to detect both the occurrence of S. japonicum egg in feces and the intensity of schistosomiasis infection. The examination of 1852 human fecal samples using the Kato-Katz method was carried out by the Laboratory of Schistosomiasis Lengkeka. The measurement of environmental pollution with S. japonicum eggs and the relative contribution of each species in the transmission was performed. The highest prevalence of S. japonicum infection in animals was in horses (100%; 2/2), cattle (54.55%; 24/44), and pigs (51.16%; 44/86). The prevalence in buffaloes and dogs was 28.57% (2/7) and 32.86% (23/70). Cattle (69.74%) were the main contributors to S. japonicum eggs contamination in the environment, followed by pigs (21.95%) and buffaloes (4.71%). This study reported a high prevalence of schistosomiasis in animals (45.46%), while low human schistosomiasis prevalence (0.59%)
Effectiveness of Various Glycerol Concentrations as a Cryoprotectant in Frozen Semen of Pasundan Cattle
Full text linkThis study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Glycerol as a cryoprotectant with various concentrations on the quality of Pasundan cattle semen. Semen was collected from seven bulls of Pasundan Cow using an artificial vagina twice a week for three months. The semen sample was added with a TRIS-Egg Yolk Extender containing 20% (v/v) egg yolk and treated with the addition of Glycerol with five different concentrations (G5=5%, G6=6%, G7=7%, G8= 8%, and G9=9%) were then performed with cryopreservation. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to examine the effect of five different concentrations of Glycerol on motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), the integrity of acrosome cap (IAC), abnormalities, and recovery rate (RR) of spermatozoa after cryopreservation (post-thawing). The results of diluted Pasundan cattle semen evaluation showed that the addition of 7% Glycerol (G7) resulted in the best motility and IAC values (83.68% and 72.84%), the addition of 7% and 8% Glycerol (G7 and G8) resulted in the best IPM values (85.00% and 84.50%). The addition of 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9% Glycerol (G6, G7, G8, and G9) resulted in the lowest abnormality values (1%). On the post-thawing Pasundan cattle semen evaluation, the addition of 7% Glycerol (G7) resulted in the best motility, IAC, IPM, and RR values (54.49%, 38.57%, 54.29%, and 72.28%). Meanwhile, adding various Glycerol concentrations did not significantly affect the abnormality value of post-thawing spermatozoa. Generally, the addition of 7% Glycerol in semen extenders shows optimal results as a cryoprotectant
Effectivity of Dry and Liquid BS4 Enzymes in Improving Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Nutrient Density Diet
Full text linkSupplementation of enzymes in feed is now commonly practiced to increase the nutrient availability of feed and the performance of poultry. A new enzyme called BS4 was produced by cultivating Eupenicilium javanicum. It is necessary to test the efficacy of this enzyme since the effectiveness of enzyme supplementation depends on many factors. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary BS4 enzyme supplementation in improving the performance of broiler chickens. A number of 300 broilers DOC was distributed into 30 pens and reared until 35 d. Six experimental diets i.e., factorial of 2 (Standard diet, and low nutrient density diet) X 3 (Control, BS4 liquid enzyme, and BS4 powder enzyme) were formulated with 5 replications. The performance (feed intake, body weight, FCR, and survival rates) were observed during the starter (1-21 d) and whole (1-35 d) periods. At the end of the trial, measurements were also made on the carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver, and gizzard weights. Results showed that performances of broilers from 1-35 d were not significantly affected by interaction between nutrient density and enzyme supplement. The nutrient density also did not affect performances of broilers. However, dietary enzyme supplementation significantly reduced feed intake and improved FCR of broilers as compared to the control. Supplementation of BS4 in liquid or powder form, reduced feed intake by 3.6%. Supplementation of liquid and powder BS4 enzymes improved FCR by 6.4% and 8.9%, respectively, but no different effect between liquid and powder BS4 enzymes on performance of broilers. Nutrient density, enzyme supplementation, and interactions between the two factors did not significantly influence carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver, and gizzard relative weights of broilers
Ultrasound Imaging to Estimate Carcass Quality of Pasundan Cattle based on Body Condition Score
Full text linkThis research aimed to estimate carcass quality of Pasundan cattle using ultrasound imaging based on Body Condition Score (BCS). Total 31 head of female cattle with age ranging from 4 to 7 years from Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Center for Artificial Insemination and Artificial Insemination for Beef Cattle Development at Ciamis West Java, Indonesia with BCS ranging from 1.0-4.0. The marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF), backfat thickness (LP), and thickness musculus of m. longissimus dorsi (LD), m. psoas major (PM), m. psoas minor (PMN), m. gluteus medius (GM) and m. biceps femoris (BF) were scanned using ultrasound on 3 different locations, i.e. on 12th-13th ribs (thorax), lumbar 4th - 5th (lumbar), and between tuber coxae and tuber ischii (gluteal) with 5 MHz frequency of convex transducer. The results showed that BCS increased when LP, marbling score and IMF from m. LD, m. PM, m. PMN, and m. GM was rising. Pasundan cattle showed marbling scores ranging from score 1 to 5 and percentage IMF ranging from 2.62% to 4.82%. Body Condition Score affected carcass quality of Pasundan cattle on parameters such as musculus thickness, marbling score, and intramuscular fat (IMF) from ultrasound imaging of m. LD, m. PM. m. PMN, m. GM, and m. BF
Pathogenicity of Philippine and Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi Isolates in Mice and Their Responses to Trypanocides
Full text linkPathogenicity of 10 isolates of T. evansi collected from Mindanao, Philippines, and one isolate from East Java, Indonesia was determined and compared. The susceptibility of these isolates against diminazene aceturate, melarsomine dihydrochloride, suramin and quinapyramine sulphate/chloride was also tested. Twenty-five mice were infected intraperitoneally with each isolate and 20 were treated with the 4 drugs (5 mice/drug) while 5 infected and 7 uninfected mice served as infected-untreated and uninfected controls, respectively. Treatment was carried out 24 hours post-infection and parasitemia was monitored for 35 days. Mice infected with Philippine isolates significantly died earlier (5-11 days) than those infected with the Indonesian isolate (14-16 days). The prepatent period for Philippine isolates (3-8 days) was significantly shorter than the Indonesian strain (11-13 days). Trypanosomes were not observed in the blood of mice infected with any of the Philippine isolates when treated with quinapyramine sulphate/chloride, melarsomine dihydrochloride or suramin. Two of 10 mice infected with either C4 or A9 Philippine isolates and treated with diminazene aceturate had parasitemia on days 29 and 31, respectively. It is concluded that isolates of T. evansi from Mindanao, Philippines, are more pathogenic than the isolate from East Java, Indonesia. This study also indicated that quinapyramine sulphate/chloride, melarsomine dihydrochloride and suramin are effective against these T. evansi isolates from Mindanao, Philippines and East Java, Indonesia, while two of the Mindanao isolates are resistant to diminazene. This information is valuable in the enhancement of the control strategy against surra in the Philippines and Indonesia