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A Journey in Indonesian Regional Autonomy: The Complications of “Traditional” Village Revival in Mentawai, West Sumatra
Full text linkThis article aims to show the development of local identities and of local government political interests, as captured by clans and élite groups in Mentawai, West Sumatra, Indonesia. An ethnographic analysis was made of those islands in the Indian Ocean, which contain a high diversity of clan dialects/languages and new élite groups that have emerged as a result of young academic Mentawaians returning from the mainland. Influenced by a notion of indigenous political strength, a change in regional administration has set in motion political lobbying by young academics infused with new political ideas and economic interests. Regional autonomy raised the importance of local specific community demands of minority and indigenous governance, and the formation of local élite groups aligned with local interest groups, especially in remote regions of the Indonesian archipelago. The complications of a political landscape with numerous independent clans and recently created élite groups focused on their own narrow concern have compromised the negotiation capacity to advance the general interests of the communities in the Mentawai archipelag
CONTEMPORARY MENTAWAI RECAPITULATES ANCESTRY: THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN SIBERUT SOCIETY
Full text linkThe indigenous Mentawaians, who reside on Siberut Island, the archipelago off the west coast of Sumatera, are located in communities whose culture and cosmology stem from the traditions of Arat Sabulungan. The guidance is valuable for the social relation of the community, nevertheless the practise subordinates certain groups in society, especially women. For example, the gender roles in particular for women stem from the traditional norms of Arat. However it is essentially a social construct that favours men, and has been perpetuated through cultural practices. The continuing position of women is being subordinated to male dominance, which has led to resistance from women. Male dominance built on truth claims derived from indigenous legitimacy in arat, is resisted by women. Women are now constructing their own truth claims, and are questioning the status quo
ISLAM AND ARAT SABULUNGAN IN MENTAWAI
Full text linkThe remoteness of the Mentawai Islands has contributed to an almost autonomous development, unaided by mainland Sumatra. As a result of a well endowed environment and supported by staple local foods such as sago, taro and bananas, as well as an abundance of wildlife including wild boars, a finely tuned self-sufficiency was realised. In this space the management and distribution of food, including animal protein, is an important aspect of the culture of Arat Sabulungan. As the result of the compulsory state sanctioned religions program introduced in 1954, some Mentawaians have converted to Islam or Catholicism as their formal religious identity. However, a remarkable adaptation occured in which the layers of Mentawai identity were not lost in the adaption to the Islamic faith. Islam with its teachings, and other formal religions, are considered as the sasareu (outsiders). The prohibition of consuming boar as part of islamic rules is a sasareu rules that contradict to Mentawaian Arat .[Kepulauan Mentawai yang terisolasi telah berkembang secara mandiri tanpa bantuan dari pulau induknya, Sumatra. Lingkungan yang subur dan mendukung ketersediaan sumber makanan pokok lokal seperti sagu, talas, dan pisang serta berlimpahnya satwa liar, termasuk babi hutan, telah mendorong terciptanya swasembada pangan. Manajemen dan distribusi makanan merupakan aspek penting dalam jalinan budaya dan sistem kepercayaan local, Arat Sabulungan. Sebagai hasil dari kebijakan pemerintah untuk menerapkan agama resmi bagi orang Mentawai pada tahun 1954, orang Mentawai kemudian masuk Islam atau Katolik. Namun demikian, adaptasi yang luar biasa juga terjadi, sehingga lapisan-lapisan identitas Mentawai tidak hilang dalam adaptasinya dengan keyakinan Islam. Islam dengan ajaran-ajarannya, juga agama-agama dunia lainnya, dipandang sebagai ajaran asing. Larangan mengkonsumsi daging babi sebagai bagian dari ajaran Islam, misalnya, dipandang sebagai ajaran asing yang bertentangan dengan Arat Mentawai.]Keywords: Mentawai, Islamic syncretism, Arat Sabulungan</p
Akses dan Ekslusi dalam Reformasi Hutan di Sumatera: Studi Kasus di Nagari Simanau, Kecamatan Tigo Lurah, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat
Full text linkThis article discusses the village forest in Simanau. This research was conducted by using a qualitative method, one of which is a case study. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and literature study. Research departs from solutions to the problem of deforestation and forest degradation as business as usual or with international assistance through the village forest scheme. Village forests are one of Nawacita's priority programs as a strategic step in reducing deforestation and forest degradation and also overcoming poverty and poverty in national land tenure. My intension is to analyze the forest from a critical anthropological perspective, one of which is the political ecology framework to explore the village forest in Simanau. For this reason, I use the concepts of "access" and "exclusion" in sharpening economic goals in ecological terms. The research findings show that Simanau forest reform raises a dilemma where access to forests is limited for non-management communities. The concept of access is used to hide who gets (and doesn't get) the benefits of the existence of the village forest and through what they get it. This concept of access is then related to the concept of exclusion which means preventing people from accessing forests
Local Wisdom vs. Public Policy: Nagari Batu Bajanjang\u27s Rejection of Government Projects in Indonesia
No full textThe Indonesian government believes that the development of an electric power plant in Gunung Talang will have a positive impact on improving the welfare of the community. However, this plan is not uniformly accepted by the local community, as their area will be affected by the development. The local community around Gunung Talang who will be affected by it have protested the government\u27s plan. It is important to consider the local community\u27s thoughts in development planning. The methodology used in this study is ethnography, utilizing emic and etic data, and employing purposive sampling, key informants, and ordinary informants. The results indicate that the local community\u27s understanding and beliefs about their customary land are essential to their survival and well-being. They feel that the land is a source of life that needs to be protected and preserved. They also feel that the government has not considered their needs and interests in this development plan. The conclusion of this study is that involving the local community in development planning and considering their perspective is crucial to minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive outcomes from it. Therefore, this can provide broader benefits to the community and strengthen social and ecological sustainability.Pembangunan pembangkit listrik di Gunung Talang oleh pemerintah Indonesia diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, rencana ini tidak diterima dengan baik oleh sebagian masyarakat lokal karena wilayah mereka akan terkena dampak pembangunan. Untuk memahami pandangan masyarakat lokal tentang pembangunan ini, peneliti menggunakan metodologi etnografi dengan memanfaatkan data emik dan etik, dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, informan kunci dan informan biasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran masyarakat lokal tentang tanah ulayat sangat penting dalam hidup dan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Mereka merasa bahwa tanah adalah sumber kehidupan yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan. Mereka juga merasa bahwa pemerintah tidak memperhatikan kebutuhan dan kepentingan mereka dalam rencana pembangunan ini. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa perlu melibatkan masyarakat lokal dalam pembangunan dan mempertimbangkan perspektif mereka agar dapat meminimalkan dampak negatif dan memaksimalkan dampak positif dari pembangunan. Dengan demikian, pembangunan dapat memberikan manfaat yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat dan memperkuat keberlanjutan pembangunan secara sosial dan ekologi
Sipuisilam dalam Selimut Arat Sabulungan Penganut Islam Mentawai di Siberut
Full text linkThe Mentawai island group, due to relative remoteness, has been able to develop independently from activities on the mainland. Therefore, a large part of the population was raised on the organically developed culture and dynamic capacity of the community. This was possible due to the richly endowed environment, which includes the staple food provision in sago trees and an abundance of wildlife, including boars. The food source became an important element in the traditional believe of Arat Sabulungan, as it served as a binding agent in ritual feasts, bonding of sharing animal protein with clan members, payments to fulfil bride price requirements and traditional fines. In 1954, a compulsory introduction of state sanctioned religions was arranged. As the Mentawains acknowledge certain advanced wisdom and wealth of the sasareu or foreigners, many incentive programs made successful converts. Nevertheless, a remarkable adaptation was included; in which some layers of Mentawai identity was not lost in the conversion. In this adaptation the Islamic faith was infused with local perception.  
Dari desa ke Laggai :: Resistensi dan identitas orang Mentawai di Muntei, Siberut Selatan, Sumatera Barat
No full textThe Batin Sembilan Community in Jambi Province: Socio- Cultural Elements in Enhancing Local Food Security
Full text linkThe policy of resettling the Batin Sembilan people, from living in the forest and finding food in the forest to living in housing, has created complex socio-cultural dynamics related to community food security. This article explains the various socio-cultural implications of the Batin Sembilan people in food security and diversification. Orang Batin Sembilan in this paper is a community group that lives in the Bahar River area in Jambi, and is settled in Kelumpang village in the Hutan Harapan area, under the guidance of PT. REKI, a non-profit company engaged in ecosystem conservation by managing forest areas in Jambi. The purpose of this research is to understand how the Orang Batin Sembilan have come from a nomadic way of life to living in a settlement by utilizing limited forest products and starting to plant and have their own fish ponds in the neighborhood. A deep understanding of the process of changing ways of life and changing food culture in various dimensions provides a model for problem solving and lessons learned for the preparation of community food security plans. Using qualitative methods, and an ethnographic approach, the results showed that the long process of changing the nomadic way of life in the forest to the settlement area made Orang Batin Sembilan independent in food and created diversification of food sources.
Keywords: food diversification, nomadic to sedentary, Batin Sembilan, food securit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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