7 research outputs found
Transitioning to a sustainable urban water future in the Netherlands: How decision-making processes and institutional factors contribute to climate adaptation in urban drainage systems
No full textThis thesis aims to understand if decision-making processes and institutional factors in Dutch municipalities hinder or enable the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban drainage systems, and consequently climate adaptation efforts in the Netherlands. Interview findings showed that decision-making processes are evolving to incorporate climate adaptation efforts where possible. Implementation of climate adaptation measures was identified to occur when there was an opportunity to incorporate them into other necessary infrastructure projects, such as large-scale neighbourhood redevelopments, however taking advantage of these opportunities depended not only on their existence, but also on current institutional factors. Frequently identified hindering and enabling factors included the availability of financial resources, the current regulatory framework, fragmented roles and responsibilities within municipalities and the availability of sufficient and appropriately skilled personnel. Factors such as cultural/cognitive resistance and political incentive to action were also identified as hindering and enabling climate adaptation efforts. Interview findings also showed that in addition to the institutional factors, the actors involved in the decision-making process and the resources available to these actors played an important role in the decision-making processes. Four key actors were identified from the data: technical designers/ decision-makers, the local community, the municipal council and housing developers. The support or resistance of these actors strongly impacted the duration of the decision-making process and success implementing climate adaptive measures. Though the decision-making processes are evolving, the use of opportunity-based initiation tactics and ineffective bargaining tactics resulted in processes were often stalled or blocked prior to decision implementation. Improvements can be made to the decision-making tactics used by practitioners, however, the processes by themselves were not found to act as distinct hinderances. The institutional context within which these decisions are made has significant influence on the outcomes of the process and the institutional factors identified indicate that the current context is more hindering than enabling. Strategies to address some of these hindering factors can therefore also facilitate the decision-making processes and lead to an increase in implementation of climate adaptation in urban drainage systems.Engineering and Policy Analysi
Les migrants européens du littoral sénégalais (Petite Côte, Saloum) : ouverture de l’économie touristique et entre-soi identitaire
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyses the mobilities of residential tourism and its associated professional migrations from Europe towards two coastal regions of Senegal. Such mobilities partly respond to the economic crisis that professional and retired people face in Europe. Residential and entrepreneurial mobilities breathe new life into tourism dynamics at both local and international scale and they encourage the economic openness of the Petite Côte and Saloum regions. However, these activities rely on networks of sociability based on social distinction. Processes of ethnic and racial segregation highlight unequal socioeconomic status between European and Senegalese residents. European migrants tend therefore to withdraw into their own social group, creating a fragile and ambivalent world, that persists because of its constant renewal.Cet article propose d’analyser les mobilités du tourisme résidentiel et les migrations professionnelles qui s’y rattachent, en provenance d’Europe vers deux régions littorales du Sénégal. Ces circulations répondent en partie aux difficultés de la crise économique que rencontrent leurs protagonistes en Europe, retraités comme actifs. Ces mobilités résidentielles et entrepreneuriales renouvellent les dynamiques touristiques à une échelle locale et internationale et favorisent l’ouverture économique de la Petite Côte et du Saloum. Cependant, les activités concernées reposent sur des réseaux de sociabilité bâtis selon des mécanismes de distinction sociale. Des processus de ségrégation, d’ethnicisation et de racialisation s’appuient en effet sur des inégalités de classe entre résidents européens et sénégalais. Les premiers tendent à se replier sur un entre-soi fragile et ambivalent, qui perdure grâce à sa constante recomposition
Les migrants européens du littoral sénégalais (Petite Côte, Saloum) : ouverture de l’économie touristique et entre-soi identitaire
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyses the mobilities of residential tourism and its associated professional migrations from Europe towards two coastal regions of Senegal. Such mobilities partly respond to the economic crisis that professional and retired people face in Europe. Residential and entrepreneurial mobilities breathe new life into tourism dynamics at both local and international scale and they encourage the economic openness of the Petite Côte and Saloum regions. However, these activities rely on networks of sociability based on social distinction. Processes of ethnic and racial segregation highlight unequal socioeconomic status between European and Senegalese residents. European migrants tend therefore to withdraw into their own social group, creating a fragile and ambivalent world, that persists because of its constant renewal.Cet article propose d’analyser les mobilités du tourisme résidentiel et les migrations professionnelles qui s’y rattachent, en provenance d’Europe vers deux régions littorales du Sénégal. Ces circulations répondent en partie aux difficultés de la crise économique que rencontrent leurs protagonistes en Europe, retraités comme actifs. Ces mobilités résidentielles et entrepreneuriales renouvellent les dynamiques touristiques à une échelle locale et internationale et favorisent l’ouverture économique de la Petite Côte et du Saloum. Cependant, les activités concernées reposent sur des réseaux de sociabilité bâtis selon des mécanismes de distinction sociale. Des processus de ségrégation, d’ethnicisation et de racialisation s’appuient en effet sur des inégalités de classe entre résidents européens et sénégalais. Les premiers tendent à se replier sur un entre-soi fragile et ambivalent, qui perdure grâce à sa constante recomposition
Les migrants européens du littoral sénégalais (Petite Côte, Saloum) : ouverture de l’économie touristique et entre-soi identitaire
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyses the mobilities of residential tourism and its associated professional migrations from Europe towards two coastal regions of Senegal. Such mobilities partly respond to the economic crisis that professional and retired people face in Europe. Residential and entrepreneurial mobilities breathe new life into tourism dynamics at both local and international scale and they encourage the economic openness of the Petite Côte and Saloum regions. However, these activities rely on networks of sociability based on social distinction. Processes of ethnic and racial segregation highlight unequal socioeconomic status between European and Senegalese residents. European migrants tend therefore to withdraw into their own social group, creating a fragile and ambivalent world, that persists because of its constant renewal.Cet article propose d’analyser les mobilités du tourisme résidentiel et les migrations professionnelles qui s’y rattachent, en provenance d’Europe vers deux régions littorales du Sénégal. Ces circulations répondent en partie aux difficultés de la crise économique que rencontrent leurs protagonistes en Europe, retraités comme actifs. Ces mobilités résidentielles et entrepreneuriales renouvellent les dynamiques touristiques à une échelle locale et internationale et favorisent l’ouverture économique de la Petite Côte et du Saloum. Cependant, les activités concernées reposent sur des réseaux de sociabilité bâtis selon des mécanismes de distinction sociale. Des processus de ségrégation, d’ethnicisation et de racialisation s’appuient en effet sur des inégalités de classe entre résidents européens et sénégalais. Les premiers tendent à se replier sur un entre-soi fragile et ambivalent, qui perdure grâce à sa constante recomposition
Alternatives to Aging Alone?: “Kinlessness” and the Importance of Friends Across European Contexts
No full textIncreasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on nonkin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This article hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. Although these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current “aging alone” narratives.This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged more than 50 years who lack kin across 17 countries.Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are “very important” in life.This article challenges dominating assumptions about “aging alone” that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of “alone.” Future studies of “kinlessness” should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on “aging alone” may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where “kinlessness” and alternative sources of support are less common.This paper uses data from SHARE Waves 1, 2, 3 (SHARELIFE), 4, 5 and 6 (DOIs: 10.6103/SHARE.w1.610, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.610, 10.6103/SHARE.w3.610, 10. 6103/SHARE.w4.610, 10.6103/SHARE.w5.610, 10.6103/ SHARE.w6.610), see Börsch-Supan et al. (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been primarily funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006–062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005–028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006–028812) and FP7 (SHAREPREP: N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: N°227822, SHARE M4: N°261982). Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_ BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org). The author would like to thank three anonymous reviewers, Markus Schafer, and members of the Maryland Population Research Center for their insightful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. In addition, special thanks to Gretchen McHenry for inspiration, to Feinian Chen, Nekehia Quashie, and Dena Smith for substantive input, and to Zebadiah J. Drinkwater for technical assistance.https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/74/8/1416/537315
Estudio de caso sobre la energía a partir de plantas vivas y propuesta de prototipo
No full textAnte la constante demanda de energía eléctrica, diversas tecnologías son estudiadas para así disminuir la dependencia a las energías convencionales que han llevado a un punto de quiebre las condiciones del medio ambiente. De esta forma, dentro de las biotecnologías recientes se encuentran las celdas de combustible microbianas aplicadas a plantas, la cual será el pilar de esta investigación. Así mismo, se busca realizar un estudio cienciométrico con la base de datos de Scopus, que permita la comparación de los documentos enfocados en la investigación respecto a la producción de energía eléctrica limpia a partir de celdas de combustible microbianas en plantas (CCM-P) con el fin de analizar los factores que principalmente abarcan el funcionamiento correcto de una CCMP y estudiar la posibilidad de implementar las CCMs en plantas aisladas dentro de un microcosmos cerrado, es decir, un terrario. Esta investigación busca plantear un prototipo ideal basándose en los resultados, previamente comparados, de diversos autores; el análisis prospecta posibles escenarios en la implementación de la biotecnología autosostenible.In the face of the constant demand for electrical energy, various technologies are studied to reduce dependence on conventional energies, which have led to a breaking point in environmental conditions. Thus, recent biotechnologies include microbial fuel cells applied to plants, which will be the mainstay of this research. Likewise, the aim is to carry out a scientometric study with the Scopus database, which allows the comparison of documents focused on research regarding the production of clean electrical energy from microbial fuel cells in plants (P-MFC) to analyze the factors that mainly encompass the correct functioning of a P-MFC and study the possibility of implementing the MFC in isolated plants within a closed microcosm, in other words, terrarium. This research seeks to propose an ideal prototype based on the previously compared results of various authors; the analysis prospects possible scenarios in the implementation of self-sustaining biotechnology.Ingeniera Ambientalhttps://www.ustabuca.edu.co/Pregrad
25 mm Hg versus 35 mm Hg elastic compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome after deep vein thrombosis (CELEST): a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The optimal strength of compression needed to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after a proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is debated. We aimed to assess whether 25 mm Hg elastic compression stockings (ECS) are non-inferior to 35 mm Hg ECS in preventing PTS after a DVT.Methods: In this multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial, we enrolled adults (≥18 years) with a first ipsilateral proximal DVT attending 46 French vascular medicine hospital departments or private practices. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre, age, and sex; with varying block sizes of two and four) to wear 25 mm Hg or 35 mm Hg ECS for 2 years. The primary outcome was the cumulative rate of PTS 2 years after inclusion, defined by a Villalta scale (≥5). Efficacy was assessed by intention-to-treat and in eligible participants who had complete primary outcome data. A per-protocol analysis was also conducted among compliant patients as a secondary outcome measure. Safety was assessed in all participants who used ECS at least once, and for which we have at least some tolerance information during follow-up. The margin for non-inferiority was 12·5%. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01578122, and has been completed.Findings: Between June 28, 2012, and July 21, 2017, we enrolled 341 eligible participants who consented to randomisation. 233 (68%) were men and median age was 59 years (IQR 45-70). Collection of ethnicity and race as a routine research variable is not authorised in France. Median follow-up was 735 days (IQR 721-760). 249 (73%) had complete data at 2 years. For the primary analysis, 40 (31%) of 129 participants with complete data in the 25 mm Hg ECS group and 40 (33%) of 120 in the 35 mm Hg group had PTS (absolute difference -2·3% [90% CI -12·1 to 7·4], pnon-inferiority=0·0062; relative risk 0·93, 95% CI 0·65 to 1·33). Results remained similar after imputation of missing data in patients we were authorised to do so: the cumulative proportion of PTS was 45 (29%) of 154 in the 25 mm Hg ECS group versus 52 (35%) of 148 in the 35 mm Hg ECS group (relative risk 0·83, 95% CI 0·60 to 1·16). Absolute difference was -5·9%, (90% CI -14·7 to 2·9), p=0·0003 for non-inferiority. Adherence was optimal (>80% and modified GIRERD score of 0-2) for 75 (51%) of 146 patients assigned to 25 mm Hg ECS and for 56 (42%) of 134 patients assigned to 35 mm Hg ECS (p=0·11). Regarding major adverse events related to ECS, there were no between-group differences in rates of deep vein thrombosis (0 vs 1 [0·6%]), ipsilateral leg ulcer (0 vs 1 [0·6%]), infection (0 vs 0), or death (0 vs 0) between the 169 patients evaluated in the 25 mm Hg ECS group and the 159 patients in the 35 mm Hg ECS group. Two (1%) of 328 patients who ever wore ESC developed ECS-related serious adverse events, one distal DVT and one leg ulcer (both in the 35 mm Hg ECS group). In the 25 mm Hg group, 6 patients died, 14 had a venous thromboembolic recurrence (proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism), and 7 had a major bleed. In the 35 mm Hg group, 5 patients died, 10 had a venous thromboembolic recurrence (proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism), and 6 had a major bleed.Interpretation: Although we did not reach the prespecified sample size, our results suggest that 25 mm Hg ECS are non-inferior to 35 mm Hg ECS in preventing PTS. Larger more powerful studies are needed
