65,379 research outputs found
The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
No full textThe Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way
Societas and consortium: The origin of classic partnership
No full textPoreklo klasičnog ugovora o ortakluku sporno je i mnogo diskutovano pitanje. Razlog tome je najpre oskudica izvora. Osim toga, kompleksna pravna priroda ugovora u kome su isprepleteni ekonomski i socijalno- etički elementi kao i šarenilo vrsta ortakluka različitih ciljeva ukazuje na složeno poreklo instituta. U ovom radu razmatra se uticaj koji je i mala arhaična institucija rimska - consortium na pojavu konsenzualnog societasa i u tom kontekstu se ukazuje na neke slabosti tzv. konzorcijalne teorije koja poreklo societasa direktno i isključivo veže za consortium. Ako se consortium shvati, u svetlu raspoloživih izvora, naročito novih Gajevih fragmenata kao i istorijsko- komparativnih i socioloških dostignuća kao rimska varijanta veliko porodične zadruge, on da se ovaj arhaični institut ne bi mogao smatrati direktnim izvorom konsenzualnog ortakluka. Ovo zbog toga što im je suština različita i jer su suprotne okolnosti pretpostavke za postojanje i prosperitet ovih instituta. S druge strane, u pravnom režimu ortakluka ima mnogo rešenja zasnovanih na ius fraternitatis, što se može pripisati uticaju konzorcijuma, ali i ulozi koju u antičkim društvima imaju udruženja u celini. Kada je reč o najširem obliku ortakluka svih dobara (societas omnium bonorum), gde je uticaj consortiuma očigledan, ne isključujemo mogućnost direktne nasledne veze ovih instituta.The origin of classical contract of partnership is a controversial question. Continuous discussion is provoked first of all by scarcity of sources. In addition, the very legal nature of the contract, with interlaced economic, social and ethical elements, as well as great variety of types of partnership point at the complexity of the origin of that institute. The archaic Roman institute of consortium was influential in instituting consensual societas, but the weak point in this respect is that so-called consortium theory connected the origin of societas directly and exclusively to consortium. However, if consortium is understood, through available sources, and especially new Gaius' fragments, as well as while analyzing historical-comparative and sociological achievements - as a Roman variety of great family cooperative, then this archaic institute could not be considered a direct source of the consensual partnership. Their essence is different and the circumstances are contrary which are prerequisites for the existence and development of these institutes. On the other hand, the legal regime of partnership consists of many solutions based on ius fraternitatis - which may be ascribed to the influence of consortium, but to the role associations in general had in ancient societies as well. In case of the widest form of partnership, however, relating to all property (societas omnium bonorum), where the influence of consortium is obvious, the possibility is not excluded of a direct relationship between these institutes
Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
No full textGenetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10<sup>−11</sup>; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Consortium Building For PEM MFC Using Synthetic Media As Substrate
No full textMicrobial production of electricity is an important form of bioenergy since Microbial Fuel cells (MFC) offer the possibility of extracting electric current from a wide range of organic wastes and renewable biomass. Factors affecting the MFC operational effectiveness are the MFC design and the bacterial metabolism and electron transfer. The purpose of this study is to identify species which are responsible for electricity generation so as to build a suitable consortium and to investigate the relative efficiencies between the microbial consortiums. Enrichment by repeated transfer of a bacterial consortium harvested from the anode compartment of a MFC with synthetic media as a substrate increased the output from an initial level of 34 mA to a maximal level of 363 mA. Scanning electron microscope image indicated the enhanced microbial biofilm deposition over the electrode which were not initially detected in the community
Large-eddy simulation of a separated flow with a sub-filter scale model based on the integral length-scale
No full textA new sub-filter scale model for large-eddy simulations, which uses a length-scale proportional to the integral scale of the turbulence instead of the grid resolution to parametrize the modelled stresses, will be assessed in the prediction of the flow of a boundary-layer over a rough surface, which includes separation and reattachment
Near Wall PIV-Measurements on the Windward Slope of a Hill
No full textThe turbulent flow over periodic hills was measured near to the wall, using planar Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) at high spatial resolution. Our focus is on the near wall turbulence structure on the windward slope of the hill. For large-eddy simulation (LES) we suspect that, if this was not predicted accurately, it affects the prediction of the velocity profiles over the hill crest which in turn will affect the recirculation length downstream of the hill. Regarding the time averaged velocities, we were able to resolve the linear viscous region of the boundary layer. The velocity distribution and also the Reynolds stress does not comply with the law of the wall as it is valid for a turbulent boundary layer at equilibrium
Needs assessment to strengthen capacity in water and sanitation research in Africa:experiences of the African SNOWS consortium
No full textDespite its contribution to global disease burden, diarrhoeal disease is still a relatively neglected area for research funding, especially in low-income country settings. The SNOWS consortium (Scientists Networked for Outcomes from Water and Sanitation) is funded by the Wellcome Trust under an initiative to build the necessary research skills in Africa. This paper focuses on the research training needs of the consortium as identified during the first three years of the project
Energy dissipation and flux laws for unsteady turbulence
No full textDirect Numerical Simulations of spatially periodic unsteady turbulence show that the high Reynolds number scalings of the instantaneous energy dissipation rate and interscale energy flux at intermediate wavenumbers are qualitatively different from the well-known cornerstone scalings of equilibrium turbulence where and are time-dependent rms velocity and integral length-scales. Instead, they both scale as where and are length and velocity scales characterizing initial/overall unsteady turbulence conditions
CONSORTIUM AND THE JOINT FAMILY (ZADRUGA)
No full textRoman consortium is often considered as one of the most controversial Roman institutes. This type of family organization has appeared in the cradle of Roman civilization and disappeared in the early stages of Roman history. However, it seems that some mutated forms remained to exist for centuries. Many questions evoke: What was the legal nature of the consortium? Did it have any influence on later institutes? Is there a place for analogy between the consortium and Southern Slavic Joint Families? In an attempt to answer these questions, greatest difficulty presents the general lack of Roman sources. However, Plinius’s Epistulae and Gaius’s Institutions reveal valuable information for analysis. In this paper, author tried to examine the consortium as it can be found in these two most relevant texts, and on the other hand to analyze the institute of consortium in general- along with some possible comparisons.Rimski consortium je u nauci često smatran jednim od najkontraverznijih rimskih instituta. Ovaj tip porodice se javlja se još od kolevke Rimske civilizacije i nestaje već u ranim stadijumima rimske istorije. Međutim, izvesni mutirani oblici ove ustanove se sreću i vekovima kasnije. Analiza pobudjuje mnoga pitanja: Kakva je pravna priroda consortiuma? Da li je izvršio neki uticaj na kasnije pravne institute? Ima li mesta analogiji između rimskog consortiuma i porodičnih zadruga južnoslovenskih naroda? U pokušaju da se na ova pitanja odgovori, susretanje sa problemom nedostatka rimskih izvora je neizbežno. Ipak, Plinijeve Epistulae i Gajeve Institucije jesu dva dela koja nam daju dragocene podatke za analizu ovog instituta. U ovom radu, autor se sa jedne strane trudio da ispita consortium-e kakvi su opisani u ova dva verovatno najrelevantnija teksta, a sa druge strane da analizira ovaj tip porodice uopšte, ne gubeći pri tom iz vida neizbežne komparacije sa sličnom institucijom porodične zadruge
- …
