1,721,264 research outputs found
Présentation
No full textBouvard Laurence, Combes Pierre-Philippe, Decreuse Bruno, Laouénan Morgane, Schmutz Benoît, Trannoy Alain. Présentation. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 23, n°3, 2009. pp. 3-7
Présentation
No full textBouvard Laurence, Combes Pierre-Philippe, Decreuse Bruno, Laouénan Morgane, Schmutz Benoît, Trannoy Alain. Présentation. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 23, n°3, 2009. pp. 3-7
Distance and Trade: Disentangling unfamiliarity effects and transport cost effects
Get PDFThis paper provides evidence supporting Grossman’s (1996) claim that not only transport costs but also unfamiliarity can explain the negative correlation between geographic distances and bilateral trade volumes. A gravity model that controls for as many natural causes of trade as possible reveals that countries high in uncertainty-aversion (based on Hofstede’s survey) export disproportionately less to distant countries (with which they are presumably less familiar). More important, this result is mainly driven by differentiated products, not by products with international organized exchanges or with reference prices. For transport costs alone to explain such a trade pattern, one would have to assume that distance-related ad valorem transport costs are higher when a trade route originates from a high uncertainty-aversion country, which is unlikely. This trade pattern is easy to explain, however, if one accepts that geographic distance is a proxy for unfamiliarity and that exporters in high uncertainty-aversion countries are more sensitive to informational ambiguity. A further result is that high uncertainty- aversion countries trade less and thus grow more slowly in the long run, which suggests that cultural factors are as important as geographic ones in determining trade openness.
Coûts de transport et inégalités régionales. Une approche structurelle
No full textTransport costs and regional inequalities: a structural approach
This paper presents an economic geography model we use to investigate transport costs as a cause of regional inequalities. We perform a structural estimation of this model for 64 sectors simultaneously using a new dataset on generalized transport costs between the 341 French Employment Areas. Transport costs, intermediate inputs and geography play a critical role in the concentration pattern of economic activities. We provide simulations of local production conditions. Large concentration incentives exist in France, possibly inducing the emergence in the long-run of a monocentric core-periphery structure. Besides, in the short-run, a transport costs decline reduces concentration at the country level, but it increases inequalities in a large number of French regions.Coûts de transport et inégalités régionales. Une approche structurelle
Cet article présente un modèle d'économie géographique permettant d'effectuer une estimation structurelle du lien unissant répartition spatiale des activités et coûts de transaction. Nous effectuons cette estimation au niveau des 341 zones d'emploi françaises, pour 64 secteurs simultanément, en utilisant de nouvelles données de coût généralisé de transport. Nous montrons que ces coûts, les liens intersectoriels et la géographie jouent un rôle déterminant dans la distribution des activités. Diverses simulations montrent que les forces d'agglomération sont prédominantes en France. Les créations et relocalisations d'établissements conduiraient, dans le long terme, à l'émergence d'une structure monocentre-périphérie très marquée. En revanche, à localisation des établissements donnée, la baisse des coûts de transport réduit la concentration à l'échelle de la nation, mais l'accroît au sein d'un grand nombre de régions.Lafourcade Miren, Combes Pierre-Philippe. Coûts de transport et inégalités régionales. Une approche structurelle. In: Revue économique, volume 53, n°3, 2002. pp. 505-516
Are Academics Who Publish More Also More Cited? Individual Determinants of Publication and Citation Records
No full textThanks to a unique individual dataset of French academics in economics, we explain individual publication and citation records by gender and age, coauthorship patterns (average number of authors per article and size of the co-author network) and specialisation choices (percentage of output in each JEL code). The analysis is performed on both EconLit publication scores (adjusted for journal quality) and Google Scholar citation indexes, which allows us to present a broad picture of knowledge diffusion in economics. Citations are largely driven by publication records but also substantially increased by larger research team size and co-author networks
Are Academics Who Publish More Also More Cited? Individual Determinants of Publication and Citation Records
No full textThanks to a unique individual dataset of French academics in economics, we explain individual publication and citation records by gender and age, coauthorship patterns (average number of authors per article and size of the co-author network) and specialisation choices (percentage of output in each JEL code). The analysis is performed on both EconLit publication scores (adjusted for journal quality) and Google Scholar citation indexes, which allows us to present a broad picture of knowledge diffusion in economics. Citations are largely driven by publication records but also substantially increased by larger research team size and co-author networks
International trade and economics of science : distances, agglomeration, peer effects and discrimination
No full textCette thèse rassemble principalement des contributions en économie de la science à laquelle les deux premières parties sont consacrées. La première teste l'importance des choix méthodologiques dans la mesure de la production scientifique et étudie les canaux de diffusion de la connaissance. La deuxième s'intéresse aux déterminants individuels et locaux de la productivité des chercheurs et au différentiel de promotion entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail académique. Sont établis les résultats suivants : les choix méthodologiques dans la mesure de la production scientifique n'affectent que très peu les classements des institutions de recherche. Les citations et les poids associés à la qualité des journaux mesurent globalement la même productivité de la recherche. La localisation des chercheurs a un impact sur leur productivité dans la mesure où certaines universités génèrent davantage d'externalités que d'autres. Ces externalités sont plus importantes là où les chercheurs sont homogènes en terme de performances, où la diversité thématique est grande, et dans une moindre mesure dans les grands centres de recherche, lorsqu'il y a plus de femmes, de chercheurs âgés, de stars et là où les chercheurs sont connectés à des co-auteurs à l'étranger. Si les femmes sont moins souvent Professeur des Universités (par opposition à Maître de Conférences) que les hommes, ce n'est ni parce qu'elles sont discriminées dans le processus de promotion, ni que le coût de promotion (mobilité) est plus important pour elles, ni qu'elles ont des préférences différentes concernant le salaire et le prestige des institutions dans lesquelles elles travaillent.The core of this thesis lies in the field of economics of science to which the two first parts are devoted. The first part questions the impact of methodological choices in the measurement of research productivity and studies the channels of knowledge diffusion. The second part studies the impact on individual publication records of both individual and departments' characteristics and analyse the gender gap in occupations on the academic labour market. The main results are the following: methodological choices in the measurement of research productivity do not impact the estimated hierarchy of research institutions. Citations and journal quality weights measure the same dimension of publication productivity. Location matters in the academic research activity: some departments generate more externalities than others. Externalities are higher where academics are homogeneous in terms of publication performance and have diverse research fields, and, to a lower extent, if the department is large, with more women, older academics, stars and co-authors connection to foreign departments. If women are less likely to be full Professor (with respect to Assistant Professor) than men, this is neither because they are discriminated against in the promotion process, neither because the promotion cost (mobility) is higher for them, nor because they have different preferences for salaries versus department prestige. A possible, but not tested, explanation is that women self-select themselves by participating less in or exerting lower effort during the promotion process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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