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Developing and implementing business ecosystem strategies in the legal sector: current situation and prospects in France
No full textInternational audienceSince the beginning of the 2000s, the concept of business ecosystem (BE), which was introduced by James F Moore in the early 1990s, has become a major topic in management (strategy, management of innovation) and economics (Daidj, 2011). BE is now a concept widely used by both the economic press and the academic world to explain why successful companies are those that collaborate with other organizations to significantly improve their performance and competitiveness (Iansiti & Levien, 2004). The application of this concept to the law thus appears promising for understanding how companies collaborate with other geographically close actors in order to develop legal ecosystems that they can, if necessary, mobilise not only to defend their own interests, but also to provide them with the information and legal know-how they need to carry out their national and international activities.From a conceptual and theoretical perspective, the interpretations of BEs may differ according to various scholars providing their own definitions and representations. Moreover, BEs also vary according to the context and the continuous changes in the business environment with digital transformation, the development and adoption of new technologies (such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, data analytics etc.) and the emergence of new players that have a significant impact on value chain and business models. As the notion of BE has been used in various and sometimes competing ways, we have made the choice here to refer mainly to Moore’s academic work in strategic management. This chapter aims at providing some theoretical insights into BEs drawing mainly from Moore’s publications in order to understand the main features and the evolution of this organizational/network form and to attempt to explain its relevance for the legal sector in France. This chapter includes a description of this sector and its main challenges today with the intensification of uberization and the competition between new entrants (technological platforms) and the various incumbent operators
Graph theory-based exploration of structure and dynamics of surface organometallic catalysis
No full textInternational audienc
Strengthening temporal action segmentation through diffusion models
No full textInternational audienceThis paper addresses the task of temporal action segmentation and presents a joint approach that combines low-level and high-level video analysis techniques. Our approach introduces the usage of diffusion models to enhance the quality and accuracy of temporal action segmentation. This paper introduces a new method to segment actions in videos over time. We blend basic and advanced video analysis methods, using the diffusion technique from denoising to make our results more accurate. By combining text information with visual features from different levels of a video, we create a multi-stage process that generates diverse features using the denoising network and improves the quality of our visual data. By leveraging the interplay between denoising and high-level segmentation tasks, our approach offers several advantages. These include the incorporation of a feedback loop for iterative refinement, improved overall performance through synergy between the two tasks, enhanced robustness and generalization. Our approach achieves reliable accuracies of 83.4%, 90.7% and 77.6% on the Georgia Tech Egocentric Activities, 50 Salads and Breakfast datasets respectively
Why consumers react differently to brand transgressions: Functional vs. ethical breaches and psychological contracts
No full textFNEGE 3, ABS 2International audienceBrand transgressions are increasingly common, but their effects on consumer behavior remain inconsistent. While some incidents lead to negative word-of-mouth without affecting sales, others cause a decline in purchasing behavior. Existing literature does not fully explain the divergence in consumer responses. This study investigates how consumers react to functional versus ethical brand transgressions through the lens of psychological contract theory. Drawing on a survey of 862 participants and using structural equation modeling, we examine the mechanisms underlying consumer reactions to breaches of brand promises. Our findings identify two mechanisms: withdrawal, primarily triggered by functional breaches, and indignation, associated with ethical breaches that generate negative word-of-mouth. This research expands psychological contract theory beyond functional failures and demonstrates its relevance in ethical contexts. The results underscore the importance of understanding how consumers interpret a transgression and of tailoring brand responses accordingly
Exponential degradation of adhesion between visco-hyperelastic materials by isogeometric analysis
No full textInternational audienceVisco-hyperelastic materials are extensively utilized in engineering applications due to their excellent adhesive properties. However, this adhesion gradually weakens when subjected to cyclic bonding–debonding. In this paper, a modified cohesive zone model is developed by introducing an exponential degradation factor that is related to the number of bonding–debonding cycles to characterize the adhesion degradation phenomenon. This model also takes the effect of real contact area on adhesion in each bonding–debonding cycle into account. We then couple this model with the bi-potential contact algorithm to handle interfacial contact during the bonding process, because the cohesive zone model concerns the process of separation. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical implementations of large deformation frictional contact and adhesion are carried out in the context of isogeometric analysis, which offers a geometrically accurate description, a continuous normal field of the contact interface, and precise determination of contact forces. Numerical examples show that the effect of material viscosity on adhesion varies depending on the boundary conditions, and the rough surface has an obvious effect on adhesion
Structurally defined synthetic heparin oligosaccharides reveal unique signatures for nanopore structural analysis of GAGs
No full textInternational audienceEfforts to fully understand the structure-to-function relationships of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have beenhampered by the complexity and polydispersity of GAGs and, more importantly, by the need for sensitiveanalytical techniques to discern their subtle structural motifs. Conventional analytical methods often fail toprovide information on the sparse motifs of GAGs. Concurrently, nanopore-based analysis has shown great potentialin GAGs structural analysis. Still, until now, it has been limited by the difficulty of relating ionic currentchanges to specific motifs. To address this, the present study allowed for obtaining reference signals byemploying carefully designed synthetic sulfated tetra- to dodecasaccharides to allow precise sequence controland purity. Reference signals were obtained for specific motifs, paving the way for accurate motif recognition.The outcomes of the study demonstrated unequivocal recognition of specific GAG structures by monitoring theevolution of nanopore signals in response to the translocation of synthetic heparin (HP)-like oligosaccharideswith controlled structures, allowing extensive structural discrimination. The findings highlight the nanopore'scapability to detect subtle structural features, such as differences in sulfation patterns and epimerization ofuronic acid. These results open the way to establishing detailed heparin (HP)-specific reference signals and tonanopore fingerprinting and sequencing of GAGs
Evolution of tribolayer in GH2132/GH4169 fretting wear at elevated temperatures
No full textInternational audienceTo investigate the development of the tribolayer in the GH2132/GH4169 superalloy pair, a systematic tangential fretting wear interruption test was conducted to analyze the microstructure, chemical composition, formation mechanism, and evolutionary characteristics of the tribolayer at 600℃. The results reveal that in the early stages of fretting, severe plastic deformation of material in the contact area and dislocation accumulation within the grains promote dynamic recrystallization and crack initiation, ultimately resulting in significant adhesive wear. As the test progresses, tribo-sintering of oxidized debris and continuous grain refinement give rise to a dense nanocrystalline tribolayer with enhanced hardness. This tribolayer, which is composed of nanocrystalline metal oxides, unoxidized nanograins, and amorphous phases, forms at the contact interface and serves as a mechanically and chemically robust barrier. It suppresses metal-to-metal contact, slows oxidation, and significantly reduces the wear rate, thereby stabilizing the worn surface
Imaginaires, technologies et enjeux éthiques à l’ère hypermoderne. Préface
No full textInternational audienc
Enhancing thermal management of GaN transistors with direct oil jet impingement: Experimental insights for high-power electronics
No full textInternational audienceThis study experimentally investigates the cooling performance of oil jet impingement on high-power GaN transistors, focusing on the effects of nozzle geometry (diameter: 0.5 mm, 1 mm; nozzle-transistor distance: 5 mm, 10 mm) and properties of two fluids (a NewOil-A and Siloil M40). At a flow rate of 80 mL/min, Siloil M40 achieved a heat transfer coefficient of 13 848 W/m2K, reducing junction temperatures to 120 °C under 38 W power dissipation (corresponding to a heat flux density of 135 W/cm2). In contrast, NewOil-A yielded a junction temperature of 90 °C under identical power and heat flux conditions, demonstrating NewOil-A's superior cooling performance. The optimized system enabled a 198 % improvement in power handling compared to uncooled operation. Smaller nozzles (diameter: 0.5 mm) and reduced nozzle-transistor distance (5 mm) enhanced cooling efficiency. Additionally, a novel correlation linking Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers is proposed, offering practical design guidelines for GaN-based power electronics in applications like electric vehicles