1,480 research outputs found
Portrait of Paul Ham at the National Library of Australia, 15 November 2011 /
No full textTitle from nformation supplied by photographer.; Part of the collection: Podcast photograph of author Paul Ham at the National Library of Australia, 15 November 2011.; Mode of access: Online.; Photographed by a staff member of the National Library of Australia
A multi-factor approach to understanding socio-economic segregation in European capital cities
No full textThe research leading to the results presented in this chapter has received funding from the Estonian Research Council (Institutional Research Grant IUT no. 2–17 on Spatial Population Mobility and Geographical Changes in Urban Regions); European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial Inequality, Deprived Neighbourhoods, and Neighbourhood Effects); and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant no. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood Choice, Neighbourhood Sorting, and Neighbourhood Effects).Growing inequalities in Europe, even in the most egalitarian countries, are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competiveness of European cities. Surprisingly, though, there is a lack of systematic representative research on the spatial dimension of rising inequalities. This is filled by our book project Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West, with empirical evidence from Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Madrid, Milan, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. This introductory chapter outlines the background to this international comparative research and introduces a multi-factor approach to studying socio-economic segregation. The chapter focuses on four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regime and housing system. Based on these factors, we propose a hypothetical ranking segregation levels in the thirteen case study cities. As the conclusions of this show, the hypothetical ranking and the actual ranking of cities by segregation levels only match partly; the explanation for this can be sought in context-specific factors which will be discussed in-depth in each of the case study chapters
Remisi hukuman dan konstitusionalitas hukuman penjara seumur hidup di Seychelles
No full textThis article critically examines the legal framework surrounding life imprisonment in Seychelles, particularly in light of recent legislative and judicial developments. Historically, Seychelles' legal landscape allowed for the remittance of sentences for all prisoners except those serving life terms or convicted of severe drug offenses. Prior to 2021, ambiguity existed regarding whether life imprisonment necessitated incarceration for the entirety of an offender's life, leading to varied interpretations and inconsistent practices wherein some individuals were released after 15 to 20 years of imprisonment. This uncertainty was addressed by an important decision of the Seychelles Court of Appeal, which asserted that life imprisonment should indeed mean incarceration for the remainder of the convict's natural life. Subsequently, legislative amendments in 2021 codified this understanding within the Criminal Procedure Code, expressly defining life imprisonment as confinement for the duration of the offender's life. However, the article argues that such a statutory definition and practice may contravene fundamental human rights principles, particularly concerning human dignity and protection from inhuman or degrading treatment. Drawing on comparative jurisprudence from various African jurisdictions, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, and standards articulated by international human rights bodies, the author contends that indefinite life imprisonment without the prospect of release violates prisoners' rights enshrined in international law. Furthermore, the author invokes the drafting history of Article 10(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), emphasizing that the intent behind the provision was to safeguard against overly punitive sentences that deny any possibility of rehabilitation or eventual release. This historical context, according to the article, supports the argument that Seychelles' current approach to life imprisonment undermines its obligations under international human rights norms. Moreover, the Constitution of Seychelles grants the President discretionary powers under Article 60 to commute sentences, theoretically enabling the release of individuals sentenced to life imprisonment. This aspect introduces a layer of executive discretion that intersects with constitutional principles and international human rights standards, warranting further examination and critique. In conclusion, the article posits that Seychelles' statutory definition of life imprisonment raises constitutional and human rights concerns, advocating for a reevaluation of current practices in light of international legal standards and principles of justice.Pasal 30 Seychelles Prisons Act menetapkan bahwa hukuman bagi semua narapidana, kecuali mereka yang dijatuhi hukuman penjara seumur hidup atau dihukum karena pelanggaran berat terkait narkoba, dapat diampuni. Pasal 31 Seychelles Prisons Act memberikan kewenangan kepada Pengawas untuk memberikan izin bebas bersyarat kepada narapidana. Sebelum tahun 2021, undang-undang Seychelles tidak membahas masalah apakah seseorang yang dijatuhi hukuman penjara seumur hidup harus menghabiskan sisa hidupnya di penjara. Akibatnya, narapidana yang dijatuhi hukuman penjara seumur hidup dapat dibebaskan setelah menjalani hukuman antara 15 dan 20 tahun. Tidak puas dengan pendekatan ini, Pengadilan Tinggi memutuskan bahwa hukuman penjara seumur hidup berarti hukuman penjara selama sisa hidup pelaku. Pada tahun 2021, KUHAP diubah untuk mendefinisikan hukuman penjara seumur hidup sebagai hukuman penjara selama sisa hidup pelaku. Pasal 60 Konstitusi memberi wewenang kepada Presiden untuk meringankan hukuman apa pun. Artinya, Presiden dapat menggunakan Pasal 60 untuk meringankan hukuman seumur hidup. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menggunakan data-data, antara lain, statistik dari Seychelles Prisons Service di mana Presiden telah menggunakan Pasal 60 sejak tahun 1999, yurisprudensi dari beberapa negara Afrika, European Court of Human Rights dan badan-badan hak asasi manusia internasional untuk menyatakan bahwa hukuman penjara seumur hidup sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam undang-undang Seychelles adalah inkonstitusional karena melanggar hak-hak narapidana atas martabat manusia dan tidak menjadi sasaran perlakuan yang tidak manusiawi dan merendahkan martabat. Penulis juga menggunakan sejarah penyusunan Pasal 10(3) Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Sipil dan Politik untuk berpendapat, antara lain, bahwa hukuman penjara seumur hidup tanpa kemungkinan pembebasan bertentangan dengan kewajiban hak asasi manusia internasional Seychelles
Trim17, novel E3 ubiquitin-ligase, initiates neuronal apoptosis
No full textAccumulating data indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls apoptosis by regulating the level and the function of key regulatory proteins. In this study, we identified Trim17, a member of the TRIM/RBCC protein family, as one of the critical E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the control of neuronal apoptosis upstream of mitochondria. We show that expression of Trim17 is increased both at the mRNA and protein level in several in vitro models of transcription-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Expression of Trim17 is controlled by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Moreover, the Trim17 protein is expressed in vivo, in apoptotic neurons that naturally die during post-natal cerebellar development. Overexpression of active Trim17 in primary CGN was sufficient to induce the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in survival conditions. This pro-apoptotic effect was abolished in Bax(-/-) neurons and depended on the E3 activity of Trim17 conferred by its RING domain. Furthermore, knock-down of endogenous Trim17 and overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of Trim17 blocked trophic factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis both in CGN and in sympathetic neurons. Collectively, our data are the first to assign a cellular function to Trim17 by showing that its E3 activity is both necessary and sufficient for the initiation of neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation (2010) 17, 1928-1941; doi: 10.1038/cdd.2010.73; published online 18 June 201
Vernacular architecture inspires flood-proof housing
No full textUrbanisation in Southeast Asia has to cope with land subsidence, rain floods, clogged rivers, storm surges and typhoons. On particular locations, like in the deserted fish ponds in the Manila Bay Area in the Philippines, floating housing can be an attractive building style. PhD researcher Pieter Ham and Finch Floating Homes are inspired by centuries-old building technologies to design 21st century housing.Applied Mechanic
Dilema Hak Atas Pekerjaan dalam Kebijakan Pasar Tenaga Kerja Fleksibel
No full textThe right to work demands the role of the State in its fulfillment but the development of a flexible labor market poses a dilemma for the state in fulfilling the right to work. This study was conducted by using a normative type of research that examines the right to work in a flexible labor market using a statutory approach. In Indonesia, the flexible labor market is embodied in the Job Creation Act, which describes the state’s dilemmatic position in carrying out its duties for the right to work. Against this dilemmatic position, the state prioritizes job creation over the feasibility of the jobs created. Based on this research, the author outlines the importance of a holistic approach in viewing human rights in the legislation process. So that the availability of work and the feasibility of work are not placed separately. This is because indecent work places the degree of human beings, who are trying to be protected by human rights, in a vulnerable position.Hak atas pekerjaan menuntut peran Negara dalam pemenuhannya, namun kehadiran pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel telah menimbulkan dilema bagi negara dalam pemenuhan hak atas pekerjaan yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang menelaah hak atas pekerjaan di dalam pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Di Indonesia, pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel mewujud dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang menggambarkan posisi dilematis negara dalam menjalankan tanggungjawabnya terhadap hak atas pekerjaan. Terhadap posisi dilematis ini, negara mendahulukan terciptanya lapangan kerja dibandingkan dengan kelayakan pekerjaan yang diciptakan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terkuak pentingnya pendekatan holistik dalam memandang hak asasi manusia. Sehingga antara ketersediaan pekerjaan dan kelayakan pekerjaan tidak diletakkan secara terpisah. Hal ini dikarenakan pekerjaan yang tidak layak, menempatkan derajat manusia yang dilindungi oleh hak asasi manusia dalam posisi yang rentan
Testing the ‘residential rootedness’ hypothesis of self-employment for Germany and the UK
No full textThe work on this paper was funded by a Marie Curie grant from the European Commission within the 7th Framework Program (ID 252752). Based on the notion that entrepreneurship is a ‘local event’, the literature argues that entrepreneurs are ‘rooted’ in place. This paper tests the ‘residential rootedness’ hypothesis of self-employment by examining for Germany and the UK whether the self-employed are less likely to move over long distances (internal migration) than workers in paid employment. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), and accounting for transitions in employment status we found little evidence that the self-employed in Germany and the UK are more rooted in place than workers in paid employment. Generally speaking, the self-employed were no less likely than workers in paid employment to migrate over longer distance. In contrast to the residential rootedness hypothesis we found that entry into self-employment and female self-employment are associated with internal migration, and that the self-employed who work from home (home-based businesses) are fairly geographically mobile. The gendered results suggest that women might use self-employment as a strategy to be spatially mobile with their household, or as a strategy to stay in the workforce after having moved residence until they find a job in the more secure wage and salary sector.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Violet Paget (London, England) to Matilda Paget (Florence, Italy)
No full textWill go with Kit Anstruther-Thomson, Flora Priestly, and Miss Price into the country for 10 days; Kit took her Berenson to see the Velaquezes at Apsley House; called on Countess Feo Gleichen, a funny mixture of royalty and Bohemia ; went to Ham Common to see Mrs. Scott and her daughters
Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities: An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book
No full textThe book “Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: a Global Perspective” investigates the link between income inequality and residential segregation between socio-economic groups in 24 large cities and their urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Author teams with in-depth local knowledge provide an extensive analysis of each case study city. Based on their findings, the main results of the book can be summarised as follows. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries, which leads to a convergence of global trends. In many cities the workforce is professionalising, with an increasing share of the top socio-economic groups. In most cities the high-income workers are moving to the centre or to attractive coastal areas, and low-income workers are moving to the edges of the urban region. In some cities, mainly in lower income countries, high-income workers are also concentrating in out-of-centre enclaves or gated communities. The urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than city-wide single-number segregation indices reveal. Taken together, these findings have resulted in the formulation of a Global Segregation Thesis.UrbanismUrban Studie
Interpretation – kommunikation som gör skillnad
No full textInterpretation – kommunikation som gör skillnad erbjuder inte bara konkreta metoder för utveckling av vägledning till natur- och kulturarv - självguidande och ögamot- öga, den fångar också hur vårt sätt att förstå interpretation har förändrats de senaste 20 åren. Med den här efterlängtade boken ger Sam Ham perspektiv på vad samtida kommunikationsforskning betyder för interpretationens praktik. Boken tar med vägledare i natur- och kulturarv på vägar som hjälper dem att förstå hur de medvetet kan göra skillnad. I tio kapitel presenteras principer för design, planering och leverans av tematisk interpretation. Några utmanar gamla tankesätt och presenterar nya spännande och kreativa möjligheter
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