46 research outputs found
Electrical/thermal behaviors of bimetallic (Ag–Cu, Ag–Sn) nanoparticles for printed electronics
Get PDFThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IOP Publishing via the DOI in this recordIn this work, Ag–Cu and Ag–Sn nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a physical vapor condensation method, i.e. DC arc-discharge plasma. The as-prepared bimetallic NPs consist of metallic cores of Ag–Cu or Ag–Sn and ultrathin oxide shells of CuO or a hybrid of SnO and SnO2. Ag–Sn NPs exhibit a room-temperature resistivity of 4.24 × 10−5 Ω · cm, a little lower than 7.10 × 10−5 Ω · cm of Ag–Cu NPs. Both bimetallic NPs demonstrate typical metallic conduction behavior with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance over 25–300 K. Ag–Sn NPs exhibit thermally competitive stability up to 230 °C and a lower resistivity of 3.18 × 10−5 Ω · cm after sintering at 200 °C, giving it potential for application in flexible printed electronics.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC
Selective electrochemical etching of the Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/0.07 wt% graphene nanoparticle composite solder
No full textThe morphological changes of SAC305 solder alloy with the addition of 0.07 wt% graphene was investigated using selective electrochemical etching. To evaluate the effect of graphene inclusion, selective electrochemical removal of the beta-Sn phase from SAC305 and SAC305/0.07GNP was performed using a standard three-electrode cell approach at specific potentials determined by cyclic voltammetry. The phase, chemical structure and microstructural changes were observed. The texture and the phases of SAC305 solder paste were retained, while the microstructure of beta-Sn and Ag3Sn was refined owning to graphene addition. Sufficient removal of beta-Sn without affecting other phases was obtained by using etching potential below -350 mV. Due to Van der Waals force attraction, two types of agglomeration of graphene were observed from cross-sectional observation. Large agglomerations seen at the vicinity of solder/substrate interface were found to help in forming diffusion barrier. This contributes to the refinement of microstructure with the presence of graphene. Accurate observation regarding the shape and texture of the intermetallic compound (IMC) phases affected by the addition of graphene provided by selective electrochemical removal helps better insight into understanding the electrochemical dissolution mechanism of SAC alloys. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Tin Industry (Research and Development) Board Research Grant 2021 [304.PBAHAN.6050479.L114]The authors appreciate the financial support provided by Tin Industry (Research and Development) Board Research Grant 2021 (304.PBAHAN.6050479.L114
Multinuclear (Sn/Pd) complexes with disodium 2,2′-(dithiocarboxyazanediyl)diacetate hydrate; Synthesis, characterization and biological activities
Get PDFThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.Bimetallic chlorodi-/triorganotin(IV) derivatives of general formulas R 2 (H 2 O)SnLCSSSn(Cl)R 2 (R=Me: 1; Ph: 2) and R 3 Sn(Na)LCSSSnR 3 ·H 2 O (R=Bu: 3; Ph: 4) were prepared by reaction of iminodiacetic acid disodium salt hydrate (Na 2 LH) with CS 2 and R 2 SnCl 2 /R 3 SnCl in methanol. The reaction between Na 2 LH, CS 2 , and PdCl 2 produced [Na 2 LCSS] 2 Pd·2H 2 O (5) which was treated with R 3 SnCl to synthesize the heterobimetallic derivatives [R 3 Sn(Na)LCSS] 2 Pd·2H 2 O (R=Me: 6; Ph: 7). The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses. Elemental analysis data, mass fragmentation, and thermal degradation patterns supported the molecular composition of the complexes. FT-IR data indicated monodentate binding of carboxylate while a chelating coordination mode of the dithiocarboxylate was verified in the solid state. A five-coordinate tin(IV) was demonstrated in the solid state. In solution, a tetrahedral/trigonal bipyramidal configuration around Sn(IV) and a square planar geometry of Pd(II) was indicated by multinuclear NMR ( 1 H and 13 C) and UV-visible studies. The Pd(II) derivatives showed interaction with salmon sperm-DNA and caused an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALPs). The antibacterial/antifungal potential of the coordination products varied with the nature of incorporated metal and a substitution pattern at tin(IV); the palladium metallation decreased the antimicrobial activities. The triorganotin(IV) products exhibited more powerful action against bacteria/fungi as compared to their diorganotin(IV) counterparts. The complexes displayed sufficiently lower hemolytic effects in vitro as compared to triton X-100 and slightly higher than PBS.SH thanks the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan, for the financial support under the PhD Fellowship Scheme Batch-IV (PIN Code: 074-3160-Ps4-362)
Printed Energy Harvesting Electrodes: Sustainable Power Solutions for Batteryless Smart Diapers
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.Amid the rapid expansion of internet-of-things (IoT) devices, one of the most significant challenges is how to power these wireless sensor nodes adopting sustainable and environment-friendly solutions as the conventional batteries are inadequate to meet the power demands of the vast IoT ecosystem. Recent years have witnessed remarkable advancements in IoT sensor electronics, particularly in wearable biomedical devices. Innovative approaches have emerged to design energy-optimized electronic systems, opening the door to batteryless applications through energy harvesting techniques. In this study, a novel energy harvesting solution is proposed by designing sustainable energy harvesting electrodes, leveraging the capabilities of printed electronics technology. These electrodes are engineered directly on diaper back sheets to harvest green energy from urine with the ultimate goal of powering energy-efficient wearable IoT sensor nodes for batteryless smart diapers. The study encompasses a comprehensive characterization of these sustainable harvesting electrodes, involving experiments conducted within a controlled laboratory environment employing both in-jar and in-diaper deployment. The results demonstrate the great promise of continuously powering the IoT sensor nodes overnight to have batteryless smart diaper operations. This research highlights a significant stride towards addressing the power challenges of the ever-expanding IoT ecosystem.Peer reviewe
Process system analysis on oil processing facility and economic viability from oil well-to-tank
No full textHydrocarbon processing from extraction to the final product is an important aspect that needs an optimised technology for consumption-led market growth. This study investigated real data from the oil processing facility and analysed the simulation model for the entire crude oil processing unit based on the process system engineering aspect using Aspen HYSYS. The study mainly emphasises the process optimisation in processing the hydrocarbon for the maximum yield of the product with less energy consumption. The investigation also includes a thorough economic analysis of the processing facility. The datasets for oil properties are obtained from a modern petroleum refinery. The investigation comprises of varying transient conditions, such as well shutdowns using three oil reservoirs (low, intermediate, and heavy oil). The impact of various conditions, including process heating, well shutdown, oil combinations, presence of water on the production, is analysed. The results indicate that the factors involving crude oil processing are significantly affected by the process conditions, such as pressure, volume, and temperature. The vapour recovery unit is integrated with the oil processing model to recover the separator's gas. The optimisation analysis is performed to maximise the liquid recovery with Reid vapour pressure of 7 and minimum water content in oil around 0.5%. Economic analysis provided an overall capital cost of 2.1 x 10(6) for the process configuration. The model results further investigate the constraints that maximise the overall energy consumption of the process and reduce the operational cost.Correction published 11 January 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04934-5 WOS:000741367300001In this article the second author was incorrectly shown with a second affiliation. The original article has been corrected.</p
Correction to: Process system analysis on oil processing facility and economic viability from oil well‑to‑tank
No full textSummarization: The Original Article was published on 02 June 2021
1 Correction to: SN Applied Sciences (2021) 3:682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04635-z
In this article the second author was incorrectly shown with a second affiliation. The original article has been corrected.Presented on
Narrow-band imaging and white-light endoscopy with optical magnification in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: results of the Asia-Pacific Barrett's Consortium
No full textObjective: The advent and utility of new endoscopic imaging modalities for predicting the histology of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in real time with high accuracy appear promising and could potentially obviate the need to perform random biopsies where guidelines are poorly adhered to. We embarked on evaluating the performance characteristics of white-light endoscopy with magnification (WLE-z), narrow-band imaging with magnification (NBI-z) and a combination of both modalities. Design: This was a prospective online study with 28 endoscopists from 11 countries (Asia-Pacific region) participating as assessors. In total, 35 patients with BE were assessed using 150 slides from WLE-z and NBI-z randomly arranged using a simple classification with corresponding histology. The overall Accuracy (Acc), Sensitivity (Sn), Specificity (Sp), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of WLE-z, NBI-z and a combination of both were calculated. Results: The overall Acc for WLE-z and NBI-z images was 87.1 % and 88.7 %, respectively. When images from the two modalities were placed side by side, the Acc increased to 90.3%. The Sn, Sp, PPV, and NPV of WLE-z were 48 %, 92 %, 45 %, and 93 % while with NBI-z, these improved to 89 %, 89 %, 56 %, and 98 %, respectively. When both imaging modalities were viewed together, they improved further to 93 %, 90 %, 61 %, and 99 %. Conclusion: The high NPV (99 %) when both WLE-z and NBI-z were used simultaneously indicates that areas with regular appearance that are diagnosed with confidence can effectively be left alone and not biopsied when performed at a skilled resourced center. This approach could potentially lead to a paradigm shift of how patients with BE are assessed.Rajvinder Singh, Mahesh Jayanna, Jennie Wong, Lee Guan Lim, Jun Zhang, Jing Lv, Dong Liu, Yi-Chia Lee, Ming-Lun Han, Ping-Huei Tseng, Vikneswaran Namasivayam, Rupa Banerjee, Noriya Uedo, Wah Kheong Chan, Shiaw Hooi Ho, Shi-yao Chen, Shobna Bhatia, Kohei Funasaka, Takafumi Ando, Justin Wu, Cosmas Lesmana, William Tam, Wen-Lun Wang, Chi-Yang Chang, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Kee Wook Jung, Muhammad Begawan Bestari, Kenshi Yao, Vui Heng Chong, Prateek Sharma, Khek-Yu H
Kinetics and mechanism of rhenium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Re(IV)-EDTA) complex degradation; For 99Tc-EDTA degradation in the natural environment
No full text© 2022 The Author(s)Mechanism and kinetics of Rhenium complexes as a surrogate of Technetium-99 (99Tc) is worthy of study from radioactive waste safe disposal perspective. Re(IV)-EDTA was synthesized via the reduction of Re(VII) with Sn(II) in the presence of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The Re(IV)-EDTA was then degraded by H2O2 (7%–30%) at pH of 3–11 in ionic strength I = 0–2 M solution. The Re-EDTA was observed to degrade more rapidly at pH of ≤ 3–4 than one of ≥ 10–11 and remained stable at pH = 7–9. The Re-EDTA was degraded in accordance with the H+ addition mechanism in the acidic range and ligand charge transfer in the alkaline region. Complex degradation followed the zero-order rate kinetics for the H+ and Re-EDTA parameters, apart from a pH of 3, for which degradation was a better fit to first order kinetics. A higher Re(IV)-EDTA stability at a pH of 7–9 demonstrated that Re(IV)-EDTA (or 99Tc(IV)-EDTA) tends to be more persistent in natural environments similar to the pH range of 7–9.11Nsciescopu
Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO
Get PDFInternational audienceCore-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30 for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN
