56 research outputs found
Market Discounts for Sinks: A Concept for Restricting Forest Contributions in Accounting for Emission Reductions?
No full textForests are capable of the best and the worst when greenhouse gases are at stake. Their controversial contribution for helping developed countries to reach their emission reduction targets is largely responsible for the November 2000 failure of the Kyoto Protocol being enforced in the near future. Regarding the unit price of emission credits for fossil fuels, future transactions for carbon offsets associated with land use change and forestry projects may well reveal market discounts due to risks and uncertainties related to their evaluation and management. The author proposes to apply these market discounts for assessing at intergovernmental level the 'contributive' value of forestry activities eligible for meeting countries' emission reduction targets
Market Discounts for Sinks: A Concept for Restricting Forest Contributions in Accounting for Emission Reductions?
No full textForests are capable of the best and the worst when greenhouse gases are at stake. Their controversial contribution for helping developed countries to reach their emission reduction targets is largely responsible for the November 2000 failure of the Kyoto Protocol being enforced in the near future. Regarding the unit price of emission credits for fossil fuels, future transactions for carbon offsets associated with land use change and forestry projects may well reveal market discounts due to risks and uncertainties related to their evaluation and management. The author proposes to apply these market discounts for assessing "at intergovernmental level" the the 'contributive' value of forestry activities eligible for meeting countries' emission reduction targets.
This proposal is preceded by an outline of the position of the forestry projects within the Kyoto treaty, as well as by an outlook on the establishment of a market for carbon offsets. Indications are given for correcting emission reductions and removal assessments by adjustments that are required when assuming that the true contributive value of one CO2-e ton to be retained may vary (1) according to the uncertainty degree associated to evaluations and (2) that this degree is closely related to project features and origins.
Fixing consensual rules for consideration and quantification of uncertainties associated with carbon uptakes and removal evaluations, including market appraisals as a last resort, has the potential of moving international negotiations from divergences in the eligibility of activities towards verification and penalty, in short to policing the Protocol. The chances for the treaty to be effective and successful would then be enhanced
A critical switch in the enzymatic properties of the Cid1 protein deciphered from its product-bound crystal structure
No full textThe addition of uridine nucleotide by the poly(U) polymerase (PUP) enzymes has a demonstrated impact on various classes of RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), histone-encoding RNAs and messenger RNAs. Cid1 protein is a member of the PUP family. We solved the crystal structure of Cid1 in complex with non-hydrolyzable UMPNPP and a short dinucleotide compound ApU. These structures revealed new residues involved in substrate/product stabilization. In particular, one of the three catalytic aspartate residues explains the RNA dependence of its PUP activity. Moreover, other residues such as residue N165 or the β-trapdoor are shown to be critical for Cid1 activity. We finally suggest that the length and sequence of Cid1 substrate RNA influence the balance between Cid1's processive and distributive activities. We propose that particular processes regulated by PUPs require the enzymes to switch between the two types of activity as shown for the miRNA biogenesis where PUPs can either promote DICER cleavage via short U-tail or trigger miRNA degradation by adding longer poly(U) tail. The enzymatic properties of these enzymes may be critical for determining their particular function in viv
A study of the dimer formation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA and of its effect on viral protein synthesisin vitro
No full textAnalysis of hepatitis C virus RNA dimerization and core-RNA interactions.
No full textInternational audienceThe core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown previously to act as a potent nucleic acid chaperone in vitro, promoting the dimerization of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the HCV genomic RNA, a process probably mediated by a small, highly conserved palindromic RNA motif, named DLS (dimer linkage sequence) [G. Cristofari, R. Ivanyi-Nagy, C. Gabus, S. Boulant, J. P. Lavergne, F. Penin and J. L. Darlix (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 2623-2631]. To investigate in depth HCV RNA dimerization, we generated a series of point mutations in the DLS region. We find that both the plus-strand 3'-UTR and the complementary minus-strand RNA can dimerize in the presence of core protein, while mutations in the DLS (among them a single point mutation that abolished RNA replication in a HCV subgenomic replicon system) completely abrogate dimerization. Structural probing of plus- and minus-strand RNAs, in their monomeric and dimeric forms, indicate that the DLS is the major if not the sole determinant of UTR RNA dimerization. Furthermore, the N-terminal basic amino acid clusters of core protein were found to be sufficient to induce dimerization, suggesting that they retain full RNA chaperone activity. These findings may have important consequences for understanding the HCV replicative cycle and the genetic variability of the virus
Cryo-EM architecture of a near-native stretch-sensitive membrane microdomain
No full textBiological membranes are partitioned into functional zones termed membrane microdomains, which contain specific lipids and proteins 1–3 . The composition and organization of membrane microdomains remain controversial because few techniques are available that allow the visualization of lipids in situ without disrupting their native behaviour 3,4 . The yeast eisosome, composed of the BAR-domain proteins Pil1 and Lsp1 (hereafter, Pil1/Lsp1), scaffolds a membrane compartment that senses and responds to mechanical stress by flattening and releasing sequestered factors 5–9 . Here we isolated near-native eisosomes as helical tubules made up of a lattice of Pil1/Lsp1 bound to plasma membrane lipids, and solved their structures by helical reconstruction. Our structures reveal a striking organization of membrane lipids, and, using in vitro reconstitutions and molecular dynamics simulations, we confirmed the positioning of individual PI(4,5)P 2 , phosphatidylserine and sterol molecules sequestered beneath the Pil1/Lsp1 coat. Three-dimensional variability analysis of the native-source eisosomes revealed a dynamic stretching of the Pil1/Lsp1 lattice that affects the sequestration of these lipids. Collectively, our results support a mechanism in which stretching of the Pil1/Lsp1 lattice liberates lipids that would otherwise be anchored by the Pil1/Lsp1 coat, and thus provide mechanistic insight into how eisosome BAR-domain proteins create a mechanosensitive membrane microdomain.</p
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN STROKE DENGAN FOKUS GANGGUAN AKTIFITAS SEHARI-HARI (ADL) : DEFISIT PERAWATAN DIRI DI PUSKESMAS RAWAT INAP GABUS I KABUPATEN GROBOGAN
No full textBackground - Stroke is a clinical syndrome with symptoms such as focal and global brain function disorders.Which can cause death or disability that lasts more than 24 hours. Without other causes except vascular disorders. The independence of activities of daily living in post-stroke patients means that post-stroke clients can take care of themselves and be able to perform daily life activities (ADL), either without help at all or need helpGoals - Writing scientific papers is to discribe Nursing care in stroke patient with a focus on distruption of daily activites, self car deficits in puskesmas Gabus I Grbogan districts.Method - Writing scientific papers use case study design, Nursing care in stroke patient with a focus on distruption of daily activites, self car, in this case study the action taken by nurses (writers) with the method of nursing care ( nursing proses approach)Result - Stroke,self care deficit describes a condition of some one who has adisability ability to carry out self-care activities, such as bathing, changing clothes, eating and toileting, from nursing care by the author there is a problem of self- care deficit on both clients, in volving the family in care will be very effective for continued care while at home
PEMBUATAN BAKSO MENGGUNAKAN DAGING IKAN GABUS
No full textThe purpose of the experimental study was to determine the level of consumer preference for cork fish meatballs which included 1.) aroma, 2.) texture, 3.) elasticity, 4.) taste. The procedure of the research was to observe the prescription standards of the experts then apply it into an experimental recipe so that it becomes a cork fish meatball formula that is acceptable to the community. The author concludes that the aroma, taste, texture and suppleness of meatballs that use cork fish meat that can be accepted by the community is with cork fish meatball formula which consists of several ingredients, namely ground beef without spines 125 gram cork fish, 2.5 grams of garlic, flour tapioca 15 grams, 10 gram salt and 2 gram pepper.
Keywords: Meatballs, Cork Fish, Organoleptic Test
A critical switch in the enzymatic properties of the Cid1 protein deciphered from its product-bound crystal structure
No full textThe addition of uridine nucleotide by the poly(U) polymerase (PUP) enzymes has a demonstrated impact on various classes of RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), histone-encoding RNAs and messenger RNAs. Cid1 protein is a member of the PUP family. We solved the crystal structure of Cid1 in complex with non-hydrolyzable UMPNPP and a short dinucleotide compound ApU. These structures revealed new residues involved in substrate/product stabilization. In particular, one of the three catalytic aspartate residues explains the RNA dependence of its PUP activity. Moreover, other residues such as residue N165 or the β-trapdoor are shown to be critical for Cid1 activity. We finally suggest that the length and sequence of Cid1 substrate RNA influence the balance between Cid1's processive and distributive activities. We propose that particular processes regulated by PUPs require the enzymes to switch between the two types of activity as shown for the miRNA biogenesis where PUPs can either promote DICER cleavage via short U-tail or trigger miRNA degradation by adding longer poly(U) tail. The enzymatic properties of these enzymes may be critical for determining their particular function in vivo
Wenda_JCellSci_2021
No full textRaw data for Wenda et al., Journal of Cell Science (2021) 134, jcs259088. doi:10.1242/jcs.25908
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