90 research outputs found
Rapid and intense {CO}2 emissions into the atmosphere: Examples from the end-Triassic extinction
No full textThe Psychology of Graphic Images,
No full textParole chiave e frasi:
visual perception, technical drawing, anamorphosis, distal stimulus, projective geometry, concave polygon, Descartes, Feynman diagrams, Hugo Pratt, visual system, hypothetigraphy, taxonomic, affine transformations, figure-ground, rectangle, M. C. Escher, concave angles, 18th century, Scott McCloud, ideography
Indice
Introduction
1
technical drawing, ideography, projective geometry
Invariance and Transformation
25
anamorphosis, affine transformations, cross ratio
The Elusive Context
48
Heinrich Kley, Max Ernst, Magritte
The Quest for Balance
65
anamorphosis, Piranesi, Saul Steinberg
What Makes a Graphic Image Work
97
optical axis, Weber carburetor, Saul Steinberg
Visualizing the Invisible
141
Feynman diagrams, Descartes, hypothetigraphy
altre »
Seeing and Showing Time
178
Hugo Pratt, red square, BACTERIUM
Graphics and Perception
215
concave polygon, concave angles, convex angles
Ambiguity and Information
243
distal stimulus, M. C. Escher, figure-ground
Toward a Taxonomy of Drawings
267
taxonomy, three Graces, ical
Notes
289
Gool, Nougier, Pauwels
References
297
Author Index
305
Subject Index
309
taxonomic drawing, images in sequence, distance between image
Architetti dattilografi. Manfredo Tafuri e lo studio AUA
No full textThis paper investigates the formative years of Manfredo Tafuri in Rome, first as a member of the student group ASeA, then as a founder of the AUA studio, together with Vieri Quilici and Giorgio Piccinato. Rome at that time was a place of dense debate. Discussions were conducted mostly outside the retrograde School of Architecture, but in the context of the network of associations and professional firms in the area. In this fervid cultural climate, Tafuri emerged first as a highly controversial author and actor, then as an extraordinary architectural critic, since in 1964 he decided to abandon designing altogether and dedicate himself entirely to history. Manfredo Tafuri’s Roman years have been analyzed through his writings and through the projects he carried out as a member of research groups, along with the accounts of some of his colleagues
Tracing volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic pollution in tree rings: preliminary results from synchrotron-light chemical analyses
Get PDFWe analysed larch trees from high elevation in northern Italy for Hg with a Lumex RA-915M Mercury Analyzer with pyrolyzer PYRO-915+) and for S, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb (by synchrotron light X-ray fluorescence at beamline i18 Diamond Light Source, UK). Hg analyses were performed on 11 single rings per sample centred on the year of a known volcanic eruption. The in-situ synchrotron analyses were carried out on longer timeseries of up to 150 years with a maximum replication of 5 samples. We detected significant peaks of volatile elements in tree rings matching periods of repeated volcanic eruptions with high volcanic explosivity indices (VEI 5-6, out of a maximum of 8). A good example is shown by increased Zr, Cu, S, Pb occurring during the decade 1875-1886 corresponding to eruptions of the volcanoes Askja (Iceland, year 1875, VEI 5), Vesuvius (Italy, 1875), Cotopaxi (Ecuador, 1877, VEI 4), Krakatoa (Indonesia, 1883 and 1884, VEI 6) and Okataina (New Zeland, 1886, VEI 5). Furthermore, during the last 3 decades of the XX century, we observed a monotonic long-term increase of the elements Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu in association with a significant reduction of the tree-ring widths. We consider the chemical shifts and the abrupt growth reduction as reflecting anthropogenic pollution mainly related to a sustained and increasing use of fossil fuel, in particular leaded gasoline. Notably, the chemical contamination in the analysed wood decreases significantly in the first decade of the XXI century, when unleaded gasoline was substituted the Pb-rich fuels. Both these approaches seems promising in detecting hidden effects of volcanic or pollution activities when other tree-ring traits do not show any other peculiar feauture
Pricing Weather Derivatives
Get PDFThis article presents a general method for pricing weather derivatives. Specification tests find that a temperature series for Fresno, CA follows a mean-reverting Brownian motion process with discrete jumps and autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic errors. Based on this process, we define an equilibrium pricing model for cooling degree day weather options. Comparing option prices estimated with three methods: a traditional burn-rate approach, a Black-Scholes-Merton approximation, and an equilibrium Monte Carlo simulation reveals significant differences. Equilibrium prices are preferred on theoretical grounds, so are used to demonstrate the usefulness of weather derivatives as risk management tools for California specialty crop growers. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Massive methane fluxing from magma–sediment interaction in the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
Get PDFExceptional magmatic events coincided with the largest mass extinctions throughout Earth’s history. Extensive degassing from organic-rich sediments intruded by magmas is a possible driver of the catastrophic environmental changes, which triggered the biotic crises. One of Earth’s largest magmatic events is represented by the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which was synchronous with the end-Triassic mass extinction. Here, we show direct evidence for the presence in basaltic magmas of methane, generated or remobilized from the host sedimentary sequence during the emplacement of this Large Igneous Province. Abundant methane-rich fluid inclusions were entrapped within quartz at the end of magmatic crystallization in voluminous (about 1.0 × 106 km3) intrusions in Brazilian Amazonia, indicating a massive (about 7.2 × 103 Gt) fluxing of methane. These micrometre-sized imperfections in quartz crystals attest an extensive release of methane from magma–sediment interaction, which likely contributed to the global climate changes responsible for the end-Triassic mass extinction
Magma–Shale Interaction in Large Igneous Provinces: Implications for Climate Warming and Sulfide Genesis
No full textLarge igneous provinces (LIPs) whose magma plumbing systems intersect sedimentary basins are linked to upheavals of Earth’s carbon and sulfur cycles and thus climate and life history. However, the underlying mechanistic links between these phenomena are elusive. We address this knowledge gap through short time-scale petrological experiments (1200°C and 150 MPa) that explore interaction between basaltic melt and carbonaceous shale (mudstone) using starting materials from the Canadian High Arctic LIP and the Sverdrup Basin in which it intrudes. Here we show that entrainment of shale xenoliths in basaltic melt causes shale to shatter due to incipient thermal stress and devolatilization, which accelerates assimilation by increasing reactive surface area. Shale assimilation therefore facilitates transfer of sediment-derived volatile elements to LIP magma plumbing systems, whereupon carbon dominates the vapor phase while sulfur is partitioned into sulfide melt droplets. This study reveals that although carbon and sulfur are efficiently mobilized as a consequence of shale assimilation, sulfides can sequester sulfur—an important climate cooling agent—thus enhancing net emissions of climate warming greenhouse gases by shale-intersecting LIPs
I volti e la bibliografia di Teorie e storia dell’architettura di Manfredo Tafuri nelle edizioni italiane
No full textPrendendo in esame un caso studio puntuale ma indicativo della vasta produzione storiografica di Manfredo Tafuri (1935-1994), l’articolo vorrebbe offrire una lettura alternativa, per quanto parziale, del contraddittorio rapporto che lo storico dell’architettura di origini romane ha avuto con l’architettura e gli architetti a lui contemporanei, spesso interpretato estremizzando elementi di continuità o di rottura, o collocando su piani equiparabili e alternativi critica dell’ideologia e filologia. Il problema verrà indagato a partire da nuove fonti attraverso la modifica del volto, cioè della copertina del libro più noto e tradotto di Tafuri, Teorie e storia dell’architettura (1968), la cui immagine iniziale, tratta da un disegno di Franco Purini e Laura Thermes e sostituita nel 1986 con un disegno di Baldassarre Peruzzi, era forse stata, stando a una recente testimonianza di Purini, il frutto di un malinteso tra l’autore e il grafico. Le indagini svolte consentono di assumere questo libro alla stregua di un ‘progetto’ al quale lo storico ha lavorato per tutta la vita. Perché dunque tenere così a lungo un’immagine ‘sbagliata’? Il contributo si conclude con un’appendice con la bibliografia della prima edizione di Teorie e storia e le modifiche apportate nelle riedizioni italiane fino al 1986, offrendosi come strumento di lavoro per ulteriori indagini. -----By examining a specific case study but indicative of the historiographic production of Manfredo Tafuri (1935-1994), the article would like to offer an alternative, albeit partial, reading of the contradictory relationship that the Roman-born historian of architecture had with contemporary architects and architecture, often interpreted by taking elements of continuity or rupture to extremes, or by placing criticism of ideology and philology on comparable and alternative levels.
The problem will be investigated with new sources through the modification of the cover image of Tafuri's best-known and most translated book, Teorie e storia dell'architettura (1968, first edition), whose initial image, taken from a drawing by Franco Purini and Laura Thermes and replaced in 1986 with a drawing by Baldassarre Peruzzi, was perhaps, according to a recent testimony by Purini, the result of a misunderstanding between the author and the graphic artist. The investigations carried out make it possible to consider this book as a 'project' on which the historian worked all his life. Why, then, keep a 'wrong' image for so long?
A final appendix containing a bibliography of the first edition of Teorie e storia and the modifications made in the Italian editions up to 1986 is offered as a working tool for further investigation
An Epistemological Critique of Critical Historical Project: Manfredo Tafuri and the School of Venice
No full text本文針對意大利建築史家曼菲德?塔夫利用威尼其學派所提出之批判的歷史計劃之理論取向提出一個認識論批判。首先，作者將塔夫利及威尼期學派之形成與轉變放回義大利與戰後歐洲的社會脈絡中做一回顧。然後，就批判歷史之論述本身，將其對空間形式與脈絡組織，應用等三方面的觀點加以闡述。最後，提一個認識論批判?總結，由(1)空間的特殊性，(2)論述，空間形式與衝突的社會經濟變動等兩層次，分析塔夫利之歷史計劃之理論性質與限制。This essay is an epistemological critique of the approach of the critical history formulated by Italian architectural historian Manfredo Tafuri and the school of Venice First, the evolution of Tafuri's "critical project" and the school of Venice are reviewed in the social historical context of the post war Europe and Italy Then, the author tries to elaborate upon the substance of Tafuri's theoretical discourse in three different aspects to see how Tafuri deals with these issues the spatial form, the form-context relationship, and the application Finally to conclude this epistemological review, a discus in of the theoretical characters and the limitation of Tafuri's historical project concentrate on two aspects 1 The specificity of space, 2 The discourse, spatial form, and conflictive social economic dynamics
Panorama delle bonifiche e delle trasformazioni agrarie in Somalia
No full textL'autore, che fu esperto agrario al Ministero dell'Agricoltura della Somalia, presenta un sintetico panorama delle bonifiche e delle trasformazioni agrarie che sono state realizzate lungo i due fiumi somali, l'Uebi Scebeli e il Giuba, mettendo in luce gli aspetti economici e sociali delle imprese agricole che ne sono derivate.Qraaga, oo ka ahaa khabiir beereed ee Wasaarradda Beeraha ee Soomaaliya, wuxuu si kooban uga hadlayaa horumarkii laga gaaray arrimaha beeraha ku dhararan webiyada Jubba iyo Shabeelle.The author, who was an agricultural expert at the Ministry of Agriculture of Somalia, outlines the improvements obtained through land reclamations along the Shebelle and Juba rivers. The economical and social aspects of the agricultural enterprises hence derived are particularly enphasized.Documento messo a disposizione del Centro Studi Somali dal Prof. Remo Roncati.Prof. Remo Roncati ayaa dokumentigan ku deeqay xarunta cilmibaarista (Centro Studi Somali).Document provided to the Somali Studies Centre by Prof. Remo Roncati
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