13 research outputs found
The Design of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Structure Magnetic Sensor
No full textAbstractThis paper presents the MSM structure magnetic detector device that normally detects the electromagnetic wave. The device is special design for magnetic field detector and still detects the electromagnetic wave as normal function. The schottky diode with the split contacts structure allows us to reach this target. The device operates with the saturation current and the magnetic response is the current difference between two contacts which is injected from one metal and deflected in semiconductor toward to another metal. From the simulation result by Sentaurus TCAD, the relative sensitivity is 14.19 mT-1 at the current 0.3μA. This device is the first MSM multi-sensor for magnetic and electromagnetic wave detector
Mechanical instabilities of aorta drive blood stem cell production: a live study
No full textDuring embryogenesis of all vertebrates, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells 16 (HSPCs) extrude from the aorta by a complex process named Endothelial-to-17 Haematopoietic Transition (EHT). HSPCs will then colonize haematopoietic organs 18 allowing haematopoiesis throughout adult life. The mechanism underlying EHT 19 including the role of each aortic endothelial cell within the global aorta dynamics 20 remains unknown. In the present study, we show for the first time that EHT involves the 21 remodelling of individual cells within a collective migration of endothelial cells which is 22 tightly orchestrated, resulting in HSPCs extrusion in the sub-aortic space without 23 compromising aorta integrity. By performing a cross-disciplinary study which combines 24 high resolution 4D imaging and theoretical analysis based on the concepts of classical 25 mechanics, we propose that this complex developmental process is dependent on 26 mechanical instabilities of the aorta preparing and facilitating the extrusion of HSPCs. 27 28 29 We dedicate this work to the memory of our friend and colleague, V. Lorman. 30 31 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity
Circulating levels of CXCL11 and CXCL12 are biomarkers of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
No full textInternational audienc
Serum CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL14 chemokine patterns in patients with acute liver injury
No full textInternational audienc
Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 reduces vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus persistence and promotes Bacteroidetes resilience in the gut following antibiotic challenge.
No full textABSTRACT.Enterococci, in particular vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Promoting intestinal resistance against enterococci could reduce the risk of VRE infections. We investigated the effects of two Lactobacillus strains to prevent intestinal VRE. We used an intestinal colonisation mouse model based on an antibiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis to mimic enterococci overgrowth and VRE persistence. Each Lactobacillus spp. was administered daily to mice starting one week before antibiotic treatment until two weeks after antibiotic and VRE inoculation. Of the two strains, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 decreased significantly VRE numbers in the feces demonstrating an improvement of the reduction of VRE. Longitudinal microbiota analysis showed that supplementation with L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 was associated with a better recovery of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Bile salt analysis and expression analysis of selected host genes revealed increased level of lithocholate and of ileal expression of camp (human LL-37) upon L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 supplementation. Although a direct effect of L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 on the VRE reduction was not ruled out, our data provide clues to possible anti-VRE mechanisms supporting an indirect anti-VRE effect through the gut microbiota. This work sustains non-antibiotic strategies against opportunistic enterococci after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. © 2018 The Author(s)
Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 reduces vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus persistence and promotes Bacteroidetes resilience following antibiotic challenge
No full textInternational audienc
Effect of probiotic strains on intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
No full textInternational audienceAmong intestinal pathobionts, enterococci, in particular vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are a leading cause in critically ill, elderly and immunocompromised patients of health-care associated and community-acquired infections with life threatening issues. Promoting intestinal resistance against enterococcal overgrowth after antibiotic treatments could reduce the risk of VRE infections. In this study, we investigated the effects of two Lactobacillus strains on intestinal VRE to evaluate the use of probiotic strains to prevent VRE infections.We used an intestinal colonization mouse model based on a microbiota dysbiosis induced by clindamycin to mimic enterococci overgrowth and VRE establishment. Each probiotic was administered daily to mice starting one week before antibiotic treatment until two weeks after antibiotic and VRE inoculation. Enterococci increased transiently with clindamycin treatment and reached the highest level one day after stopping the antibiotic. Inoculated E. faecalis VRE evolved concomitantly to indigenous enterococci and persisted up to 11 days post-inoculation. No significant difference of VRE level was observed in Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 treated mice compared to the control. Remarkably, administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 significantly decreased VRE level in the gut microbiota. Absence of growth inhibition of L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 on the VRE strain in vitro suggests an indirect effect on the gut microbiota or on the host. Transcriptomic analysis on a selection of host genes and whole microbiota analysis are underway to understand how L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 favors intestinal colonization resistance against VRE. Ultimately, this work will contribute to propose non-antibiotic prophylactic strategies against opportunistic enterococci after antibiotic dysbiosis
CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV-Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis
No full textInternational audienceDeaths from viral hepatitis continue to rise around the world due to the lack of early biomarkers. We aimed here to evaluate the chemokine CXCL14, as a novel biomarker in acute viral hepatitis. We used a mouse model of acute hepatitis induced by murine hepatitis virus (MHV), a hepatotropic and lytic coronavirus, and showed that CXCL14 is overexpressed in the liver and sera of infected mice. Using primary cultures of murine and human hepatocytes, we showed that hepatocytes are the main source of CXCL14 after lytic hepatotropic virus infection and that CXCL14 expression is also induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF alpha. CXCL14 KO mice infected with MHV were partially protected and showed an attenuated antiviral immune response compared to wild-type mice. Finally, we show that CXCL14 is overexpressed in the sera of human patients infected with hepatitis viruses A, B, and E or herpes simplex virus. A positive correlation between CXCL14 and ALT levels in the sera of patients with acute herpetic hepatitis, as well as in mice models, suggests that hepatocyte lysis is necessary for the release of CXCL14. Overall, these data highlight that CXCL14 expression is associated with the occurrence of acute viral hepatitis and could be considered an alarmin and a new indicator of inflammation. CXCL14 serum levels are also associated with the severity of viral-induced liver injury
Effect of probiotic strains on intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
No full textInternational audienceAmong intestinal pathobionts, enterococci, in particular vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are a leading cause in critically ill, elderly and immunocompromised patients of health-care associated and community-acquired infections with life threatening issues. Promoting intestinal resistance against enterococcal overgrowth after antibiotic treatments could reduce the risk of VRE infections. In this study, we investigated the effects of two Lactobacillus strains on intestinal VRE to evaluate the use of probiotic strains to prevent VRE infections.We used an intestinal colonization mouse model based on a microbiota dysbiosis induced by clindamycin to mimic enterococci overgrowth and VRE establishment. Each probiotic was administered daily to mice starting one week before antibiotic treatment until two weeks after antibiotic and VRE inoculation. Enterococci increased transiently with clindamycin treatment and reached the highest level one day after stopping the antibiotic. Inoculated E. faecalis VRE evolved concomitantly to indigenous enterococci and persisted up to 11 days post-inoculation. No significant difference of VRE level was observed in Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 treated mice compared to the control. Remarkably, administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 significantly decreased VRE level in the gut microbiota. Absence of growth inhibition of L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 on the VRE strain in vitro suggests an indirect effect on the gut microbiota or on the host. Transcriptomic analysis on a selection of host genes and whole microbiota analysis are underway to understand how L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 favors intestinal colonization resistance against VRE. Ultimately, this work will contribute to propose non-antibiotic prophylactic strategies against opportunistic enterococci after antibiotic dysbiosis
