189 research outputs found
Caldrà una fenomenologia de l'amor? Un esbós a partir d'Emmanuel Lévinas i Jean-Luc Marion
No full textEn aquest article intento respondre a la pregunta per una fenomenologia de l’amor des de dos enfocaments diferents de l’ortodòxia husserliana. L’amor és una experiència que fou de gran utilitat a la fenomenologia d’Emmanuel Lévinas per establir les seves línies i refundar-la en una versió el poder major de la qual fou la vulnerabilitat i la feblesa de l’amor. En un peculiar gir teològic, si l’autor acceptés aquest mèrit, Jean-Luc Marion ha estat un lector voraç de Lévinas des del seus inicis com a pensador i fa de la seva fenomenologia de l’amor una fenomenologia de la caritat cristiana per tal d’arribar a extremar la pràctica que el mateix Lévinas no arribà a dur fins a l’extrem.In this paper, I try to answer the question for a phenomenology of love from two approaches that are different from Husserlian orthodoxy. Love is an experience that was very useful for Emmanuel Levinas’phenomenology in order to establish his new lines and his personal refocus trough a version whose greater power was the vulnerability and weakness of love. In a peculiar theological turn, if this author accepts such a merit, Jean-Luc Marion has been a voracious reader of Levinas since his beginnings as a thinker, moving his phenomenology of love towards a phenomenology of Christian charity in order to reach the extreme practice that Levinas himself did not manage
MRI guided thermotherapies : advances in MR thermometry and feedback control methods
No full textLes ultrasons focalisés de haute intensité (HIFU) guidés par IRM et combinés à la thermométrie basée sur la fréquence de résonance du proton (PRF) sont une technique prometteuse pour l’ablation non invasive de tumeurs, le dépôt local de médicaments et l’activation des transgènes. Ce travail présente de nouveaux développements dans le domaine de la thermométrie PRF en présence de mouvement physiologique périodique associé aux variations du champ magnétique. De nouvelles stratégies de correction sont proposées et exploitent la méthode multi-baseline établie en incluant un modèle de variation de phase. Elles sont illustrées avec des exemples de thermométrie dans le sein et dans le cœur humain. De plus, d’autres facteurs influençant la thermométrie PRF, notamment la présence de graisse dans le sein et le flux sanguin dans le cœur, sont étudiés. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail a été abordée la problématique du contrôle précis de la température. Une première approche propose un algorithme de contrôle proportionel, intégral et dérivatif (PID) amélioré utilisant des paramétres de contrôle adaptatifs. En étendant ce concept à un contrôle 3D de la température, une implémentation de chauffage volumétrique est proposée. Par ailleurs, une nouvelle méthode de repositionnement dynamique de la coupe d’imagerie permet de fournir des informations volumétriques sur l’anatomie et la température en temps réel. La combinaison avec la compensation 2D de mouvement et l’adaptation du faisceau ultrasonore permet la réalisation d’un chauffage volumétrique suivant une courbe de température ou de dose thermique prédéfinie qui fonctionne même en présence de mouvements.MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) using proton resonance frequency (PRF) based thermometry is a promising technique for non-invasive ablations in tumor therapy as well as for targeted drug delivery and the activation of transgenes. This work presents further developments in the field of PRF thermometry in the presence of periodical physiological motion and the associated magnetic field variations. Using the examples of thermometry in the human breast and the human heart, new correction strategies are presented which extend the established multi-baseline phase correction to include a model of the phase variation and external sensor readings from a pencil-beam navigator. In addition further factors, namely the presence of fat in the breast and blood flow in the heart influencing the performance of MR thermometry in these organs are examined.In the second part of this work, the issue of precise temperature control has been approached in two ways. First, an improved proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller using adaptive control parameters is developed. By expanding the concept of temperature control to 3D, an implementation of volumetric heating is presented. A novel slice sweep technique provides volumetric anatomic and temperature information in near-real time. The combination with 2D motion compensation and adaptation of the ultrasound beam position allows to achieve volumetric heating according to a pre-defined target temperature or thermal dose value even in the presence of motion
Roads, lands, markets, and deforestation : a spatial model of land use in Belize
No full textRural roads promote economic development but also facilitate deforestation. To explore the tradeoffs between development and environmental damage posed by road building, the authors develop and estimate a spatially explicit model of land use. This model takes into account location and land characteristics and predicts land use at each point on the landscape. They find that: (a) market access and distance to roads strongly affect the probability of agricultural use, especially for commercial agriculture; (b) high slopes, poor drainage, and low soil fertility discourage both commercial and semi subsistence agriculture; and (c) semi-subsistence agriculture is especially sensitive to soil acidity and lack nitrogen (confirming anthropological findings that subsistence farmers are shrewd judges of soil). Spatially explicit models are analytically powerful because they exploit rich spatial variation in causal variables, including the precise siting of roads. They are useful for policy because they can pinpoint threats to particular critical habitats and watersheds. This model is a descendant of the venerable von Thunen model. It assumes that land will tend to be devoted to its highest-value use, taking into account tenure and other constraints. The value of a plot for a particular use depends on the land's physical productivity for that use and the farmgate prices of relevant inputs and outputs. A reduced-form, multinomial logit specification of this model calculates implicit values of land in alternative uses as a function of land location and characteristics. The resulting equations can then be used for prediction or analysis. The model was applied to cross-sectional data for 1989-92 for Belize, a forested country currently experiencing rapid expansion of both subsistence and commercial agriculture. A geographic information system was used to manage the spatial data and extract variables based on the three kilometer sample grid. Three land uses were distinguished:"natural"vegetation, comprising forests, woodlands, wetlands, and savanna; semi-subsistence agriculture, comprising traditional milpa (slash-and-burn) cultivation and other nonmechanized cultivation of annual crops; and commercial agriculture, consisting mainly of sugarcane, pasture, citrus, and mechanized production of corn and kidney beans. Two dimensions of distance to market were distinguished: the distance from each sample point to the road, and on-road travel time to the nearest town. Data on a wide variety of land and soil characteristics were also used.Wetlands,Water Conservation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Climate Change,Land Use and Policies,Forestry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Climate Change,Energy and Environment,Wetlands
La Revelación y su relación con Cristo y la Trinidad según el planteo fenomenológico de Jean-Luc Marion en Givenness & Revelation
No full textIn this article, the author expounds the theme of Revelation and its relationship with Christ and the Trinity in the phenomenological perspective of Jean-Luc Marion. The center of His analysis is the book of Marion Givenness & Revelation. In relation to the Christological the emphasis of Marion is in Christ as icon of God and from a phenomenological exegesis of 1 Corinthians 2. He invites to a radical anamorphosis what allows to contemplate to Christ as a center of the wisdom of God. In relationship to the Trinity, Marion distinguish the contributions of Karl Rahner and Karl Barth, the Cappadocian Fathers and Saint Augustine with emphasis in the function of the Spirit in the Trinitarian deployment of God.En el presente artículo el autor expone el tema de la Revelación y su relación con Cristo y la Trinidad en la perspectiva fenomenológica de Jean-Luc Marion. El centro de su análisis radica en la obra del filósofo francés Givenness & Revelation. En cuanto al enfoque cristológico, Marion enfatiza a Cristo como ícono de Dios y, a partir de una exégesis fenomenológica de 1 Corintios 2, invita a una radical anamorfosis que permita contemplar a Cristo como centro de la sabiduría de Dios. En cuanto a la Trinidad, destaca los aportes de Karl Rahner y Karl Barth, profundizando en los padres capadocios y San Agustín, para enfatizar la función del Espíritu en el despliegue trinitario de Dios
Brain networks of rats under anesthesia using resting-state fMRI: comparison with dead rats, random noise and generative models of networks
No full textInternational audienceObjective Connectivity networks are crucial to understand the brain resting-state activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Alterations of these brain networks may highlight important findings concerning the resilience of the brain to different disorders. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the robustness of brain network estimations, discriminate them under anesthesia and compare them to generative models. Approach The extraction of brain functional connectivity (FC) networks is difficult and biased due to the properties of the data: low signal to noise ratio, high dimension low sample size. We propose to use wavelet correlations to assess FC between brain areas under anesthesia using four anesthetics (isoflurane, etomidate, medetomidine, urethane). The networks are then deduced from the functional connectivity matrices by applying statistical thresholds computed using the number of samples at a given scale of wavelet decomposition. Graph measures are extracted and extensive comparisons with generative models of structured networks are conducted. Main results The sample size and filtering are critical to obtain significant correlations values and thereby detect connections between regions. This is necessary to construct networks different from random ones as shown using rs-fMRI brain networks of dead rats. Brain networks under anesthesia on rats have topological features that are mixing small-world, scale-free and random networks. Betweenness centrality indicates that hubs are present in brain networks obtained from anesthetized rats but locations of these hubs are altered by anesthesia. Significance Understanding the effects of anesthesia on brain areas is of particular importance in the context of animal research since animal models are commonly used to explore functions, evaluate lesions or illnesses, and test new drugs. More generally, results indicate that the use of correlations in the context of fMRI signals is robust but must be treated with caution. Solutions are proposed in order to control spurious correlations by setting them to zero
Tumor classification and prediction using robust multivariate clustering of multiparametric MRI
No full textInternational audienceIn neuro-oncology, the use of multiparametric MRI may better characterize brain tumor heterogeneity. To fully exploit multiparametric MRI (e.g. tumor classification), appropriate analysis methods are yet to be developed. In this work, we show on small animals data that advanced statistical learning approaches can help 1) in organizing existing data by detecting and excluding outliers and 2) in building a dictionary of tumor fingerprints from a clustering analysis of their microvascular features
Assessment of the residual strength of concrete members after fire exposure
No full textThis paper discusses the use of the structural Eurocode EN 1992-1-2 for assessment of the residual strength of concrete members after exposure to fire. This code deals with the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures during fire and provides a strength decrease formulation as a function of the temperature, as well as the thermal properties of calcareous and siliceous concrete. In EN 1992-1-2, simplified methods are described to calculate the fire resistance, such as the 500°C isotherm method. This method takes only the concrete heated below 500°C in account and considers the strength decrease of the reinforcement at the actually obtained temperature during fire. However, after fire exposure the concrete strength will reduce further. First, when the concrete is cooled with water by the fire brigade, additional strength losses of up to 30 % were noticed in experiments performed by the author. Second, experiments show that storage of the concrete in air and in water may result in additional strength losses of up to 20 % in the first weeks after cooling, after which slow recovery is possible. These additional residual strength losses are not considered in the EN 1992-1-2, since the models are intended for reinforced concrete during a fire. In this paper the residual bearing resistence of a pretensioned small beam, heated during a real fire and afterwards submitted to a static loading test is calculated. In this experiment the residual strength losses are incorporated and the results show adequate correspondence with the experimental test results
Emmanuel BELLANGER, Ivry, banlieue rouge. Capitale du communisme français, XX e siècle , Grâne, Créaphis, 2017, 552 p. Emmanuel BELLANGER et Julia MORO, Nogent-sur-Marne, cité modèle. Histoire d’une banlieue résidentielle aux XIX e -XX e siècles , Paris, La Découverte, 2017, 224 p.: Banlieue Rouge, Communisme municipal
No full textInternational audienceAs the crow flies, less than ten kilometres separate the town halls of Ivry-sur-Seine and Nogent-sur-Marne. The two municipalities, both located in the department of Seine and, after 1968, Val-de-Marne, convey very contrasting images of the Paris suburbs. While the former is identified with the red suburbs, the latter can be seen as emblematic of the residential suburbs of the Paris conurbation... The communist Georges Marrane presided over the destiny of Ivry from 1925 to 1965 (with an interruption during the Second World War, of course), while the Gaullist Roland Nungesser was mayor of Nogent from 1959 to 1995... And while the former was Minister of Health until 1947, the latter was Minister of Youth and Sports in 1968 before becoming President of the Val-de-Marne General Council from 1970 to 1976. Emmanuel Bellanger has published two books – one of which was written in collaboration with Julia Moro, archivist at the Val-de-Marne department 1 – which trace the political developments of the two municipalities from the late 19th century to the dawn of the 21st century. Both books feature a wealth of illustrations, including period maps (see the 1932 development plan for Ivry on pp. 142-143) that help readers understand the changes in urban spaces, maps created by the author showing the location of the two municipalities within the political and administrative realities of the Paris metropolitan area, numerous postcards, posters and photographs illustrating cultural policies - in Nogent, the petit vin blanc festivals, with television presenter Danielle Gilbert as queen in 1972, the guinguette evenings, whose patron was the accordionist and adopted daughter of Nogent, Yvette Horner, and the inauguration in 2008 of the François Cavanna municipal library, named after the most famous child of ‘Ritalie Nogentaise’; and, in Ivry, the theatrical productions of Antoine Vitez. Also in Ivry, several photos belong to the work of Jean Herrmann, the municipality's official photographer from 1955 to 1971 (see p. 446 or p. 455). In 2013, around thirty of his photographs were exhibited on the gates of Maurice Thorez Park, including those of Yuri Gagarin's visit to Ivry on 1 October 1963. Several of these photos are reproduced in the book in sizes that do justice to the publisher.A vol d'oiseau, moins d'une dizaine de kilomètres séparent la mairie d'Ivry sur Seine et celle de Nogent sur Marne. Les deux communes, toutes deux situées dans le département de la Seine puis, après 1968, du Val-de-Marne renvoient à des images très contrastées de la banlieue parisienne. Autant la première s'identifie à la banlieue rouge, autant la seconde peut apparaître comme emblématique des banlieues résidentielles de l'agglomération parisienne… Le communiste Georges Marrane a présidé aux destinées d'Ivry de 1925 à 1965 (avec bien sûr une interruption pendant le second conflit mondial), le gaulliste Roland Nungesser a été maire de Nogent de 1959 à 1995… Et si le premier a été ministre de la Santé jusqu'en 1947, le second est ministre de la Jeunesse et des Sports en 1968 avant de devenir président du conseil général du Val-de-Marne de 1970 à 1976. Emmanuel Bellanger publie deux ouvrages -dont l'un avec la collaboration de Julia Moro, archiviste au département du Val-de-Marne 1 -qui permettent de retracer les cheminements des politiques des deux municipalités de la fin du XIXe siècle à l'orée du XXIe siècle. Les deux ouvrages disposent d'une riche iconographie associant cartes d'époque (voir le plan d'aménagement d'Ivry en 1932 p. 142-143) qui permettent de comprendre les mutations des espaces urbains, cartes réalisées par l'auteur permettant de situer les deux communes dans les réalités politico-administratives de l'agglomération parisienne, de nombreuses cartes postales, affiches, photographies qui donnent à voir les politiques culturelles -à Nogent, les fêtes du petit vin blanc dont l'animatrice de télévision Danielle Gilbert est la reine en 1972, les soirées guinguettes dont la marraine est l'accordéoniste et nogentaise d'adoption, Yvette Horner ou l'inauguration, en 2008, de la bibliothèque municipale François Cavanna, le plus célèbre des enfants de la « Ritalie Nogentaise » ou, à Ivry, les réalisations théâtrales d'Antoine Vitez. A Ivry toujours, plusieurs photos appartiennent à l'oeuvre de Jean Herrmann, photographe attitré de la municipalité de 1955 à 1971 (voir p. 446 ou p. 455). En 2013, une trentaine de ses clichés a été exposée sur les grilles du parc Maurice Thorez, dont ceux de la visite de Youri Gagarine à Ivry, le 1 er octobre 1963. Plusieurs de ces photos sont reproduites dans l'ouvrage dans des dimensions qui honorent l'éditeur
Clinique de l'humanisation à l'épreuve des traumatismes extrêmes cumulés à l'exil : de la torture déshumanisante à une psychanalyse de la réhumanisation
No full textBased on an intensive clinical experience of more than ten years, the author explores how the absence of encounter between a traumatized person on the run from the horror in his/her country and the people who are supposed to take care of him/her, can maintain, or even reinforce the process of disconnection and alienation from oneself, the others and the world, process that started in the country of origin and the almost always long and very dangerous journey on the run. These developments will open to a metapsychology of intersubjectivity based on the responsibility towards the Other and the recognition of Otherness. As will be shown in the last chapter, this metapsychological proposition is not without consequences, neither for the clinical theory and practice nor for the way of thinking about and practicing the reception in our country of the subjects on the run, in trauma and in exile.(PSYE - Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation) -- UCL, 201
A simulation tool for dynamic contrast enhanced MRI.
No full textInternational audienceThe quantification of bolus-tracking MRI techniques remains challenging. The acquisition usually relies on one contrast and the analysis on a simplified model of the various phenomena that arise within a voxel, leading to inaccurate perfusion estimates. To evaluate how simplifications in the interstitial model impact perfusion estimates, we propose a numerical tool to simulate the MR signal provided by a dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI experiment. Our model encompasses the intrinsic R1 and R2 relaxations, the magnetic field perturbations induced by susceptibility interfaces (vessels and cells), the diffusion of the water protons, the blood flow, the permeability of the vessel wall to the the contrast agent (CA) and the constrained diffusion of the CA within the voxel. The blood compartment is modeled as a uniform compartment. The different blocks of the simulation are validated and compared to classical models. The impact of the CA diffusivity on the permeability and blood volume estimates is evaluated. Simulations demonstrate that the CA diffusivity slightly impacts the permeability estimates (< 5% for classical blood flow and CA diffusion). The effect of long echo times is investigated. Simulations show that DCE-MRI performed with an echo time TE = 5 ms may already lead to significant underestimation of the blood volume (up to 30% lower for brain tumor permeability values). The potential and the versatility of the proposed implementation are evaluated by running the simulation with realistic vascular geometry obtained from two photons microscopy and with impermeable cells in the extravascular environment. In conclusion, the proposed simulation tool describes DCE-MRI experiments and may be used to evaluate and optimize acquisition and processing strategies
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