864 research outputs found
Acting Out:Cuban Artists Challenge to the State
No full textFive of the videos in Coco Fusco’s exhibition Tomorrow, I Will Become an Island at KW were filmed in Cuba, where the artist has collaborated with local artists on a range of projects for over thirty years. The videos explore the fraught relationship between civic engagement and the Cuban state. Coco Fusco will be joined by Cuban artist and former political prisoner Hamlet Lavastida, and Cuban poet and essayist Antonio José Ponte for a discussion about Fusco’s work and the current state of artistic activism in relation to cultural politics in Cuba today. Hamlet Lavastida is a Cuban artist, based in Berlin. He studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts San Alejandro and the University of the Arts (ISA) in Havana. Lavastida reinterprets the role of Cuban political rhetoric and iconography in public culture. He focuses on the ways that Cuban propaganda shapes and distorts history. He explores the visualization of state ideology in his videos, collages, drawings, and public art. Lavastida’s work has been shown at Documenta 15 (Kassel, Germany); Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (Madrid); Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin); Center of Contemporary Art Łaźnia (Gdańsk) and Center of Contemporary Art, Zamek Ujazdowski (Warsaw). Antonio José Ponte was born in Matanzas, Cuba in 1964. He first worked as a hydraulics engineer, and later as a professor of literature, script writer and author. He is Deputy Director of the online daily Diario de Cuba, founded in Madrid in 2009. His published work includes the essays Un seguidor de Montaigne mira La Habana (1995), Las comidas profundas (1997), El libro perdido de los origenistas (2004), Villa Marista en plata (2010) and La lengua suelta y Diccionario de la lengua suelta (2021), the short stories Cuentos de todas partes del Imperio (2000) and Un arte de hacer ruinas y otros cuentos (2005), a book of poems with the title Asiento en las ruinas (2005), and the two novels Contrabando de sombras (2002) and La fiesta vigilada (2007). Coco Fusco is an interdisciplinary artist and writer. She is a recipient of numerous awards, including a Guggenheim fellowship, an American Academy of Arts and Letters Award, Latinx Art Award, a Fulbright fellowship and the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts. Fusco’s performances and videos have been presented in the 56th Venice Biennale, Frieze Special Projects, Basel Unlimited, three Whitney Biennials (2022, 2008 and 1993), and several other international exhibitions. Her works are in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, The Walker Art Center, the Centre Pompidou, the Imperial War Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona. She is the author of Dangerous Moves: Performance and Politics in Cuba (2015), English is Broken Here: Notes on Cultural Fusion in the Americas (1995), The Bodies That Were Not Ours (2001) and A Field Guide for Female Interrogators (2008). She is a Professor of Art at Cooper Union.Coco Fusco Hamlet Lavastida Antonio José Ponte An event of KW Institute for Contemporary Art in cooperation with ICI BerlinFünf der Videos in Coco Fuscos Ausstellung Tomorrow, I Will Become an Island in den KW wurden auf Kuba gedreht, wo die Künstlerin seit über dreißig Jahren mit lokalen Künstler*innen in einer Reihe von Projekten zusammenarbeitet. Die Videos thematisieren das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen zivilem Engagement und dem kubanischen Staat. Mit Coco Fusco diskutieren der kubanische Künstler und ehemalige politische Gefangene Hamlet Lavastida und der kubanische Dichter und Essayist Antonio José Ponte über ihr Werk und den aktuellen Stand des künstlerischen Aktivismus in Bezug auf die Kulturpolitik in Kuba heute. Hamlet Lavastida ist ein kubanischer Künstler, der in Berlin wohnt. Er studierte Malerei an der Akademie der Künste San Alejandro und der Universität der Künste (ISA) in Havanna. Lavastida interpretiert die Rolle der politischen Rhetorik und Ikonographie in der öffentlichen Kultur Kubas neu. Er konzentriert sich auf die Art und Weise, wie die kubanische Propaganda die Geschichte prägt und verzerrt. Anhand seiner Videos, Collagen, Zeichnungen und seiner Kunst im öffentlichen Raum erforscht er die Visualisierung staatlicher Ideologie. Lavastidas Arbeiten wurden auf der Documenta 15 (Kassel, Deutschland) gezeigt, im Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (Madrid), im Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin), im Zentrum für zeitgenössische Kunst Łaźnia (Danzig) und im Zentrum für zeitgenössische Kunst, Zamek Ujazdowski (Warschau). Antonio José Ponte wurde 1964 im kubanischen Matanzas geboren. Er arbeitete zuerst als Hydraulik-Ingenieur und dann als Literaturprofessor, Drehbuchautor und Schriftsteller. Er ist stellvertretender Direktor der 2009 in Madrid gegründeten Online-Tageszeitung Diario de Cuba. Zu seinen veröffentlichten Werken gehören die Essays Un seguidor de Montaigne mira La Habana (1995), Las comidas profundas (1997), El libro perdido de los origenistas (2004), Villa Marista en plata (2010) und La lengua suelta y Diccionario de la lengua suelta (2021), die Kurzgeschichten Cuentos de todas partes del Imperio (2000) und Un arte de hacer ruinas y otros cuentos (2005), ein Gedichtband mit dem Titel Asiento en las ruinas (2005) und die beiden Romane Contrabando de sombras (2002) und La fiesta vigilada (2007). Coco Fusco ist eine interdisziplinär arbeitende Künstlerin und Autorin. Sie wurde mit zahlreichen Preisen ausgezeichnet, darunter ein Guggenheim-Stipendium, der American Academy of Arts and Letters Award, der Latinx Art Award, ein Fulbright-Stipendium und der Herb Alpert Award in the Arts. Fuscos Performances und Videos wurden auf der 56. Biennale von Venedig, bei Frieze Special Projects, Basel Unlimited, drei Whitney-Biennalen (2022, 2008 und 1993) und mehreren anderen internationalen Ausstellungen gezeigt. Ihre Werke sind Teil der ständigen Sammlungen des Museum of Modern Art, des Art Institute of Chicago, des Walker Art Center, des Centre Pompidou, des Imperial War Museum und des Museum of Contemporary Art in Barcelona. Sie ist die Autorin von Dangerous Moves: Performance and Politics in Cuba (2015), English is Broken Here: Notes on Cultural Fusion in the Americas (1995), The Bodies That Were Not Ours (2001) und A Field Guide for Female Interrogators (2008). Sie ist Kunstprofessorin an der Cooper Union.Coco Fusco Hamlet Lavastida Antonio José Ponte Ein Event von KW Institute for Contemporary Art in Kooperation mit dem ICI Berli
Crowdsourcing to co-design meaningful social change
No full textOld Town Bari is the center of Bari City and the main city of Apulia region, in the southeast of Italy. For ages, it was a place neglected to its own community due to the high criminality level. This study follows a social innovation initiative launched by a young Bari collective to leverage education using crowdsourcing knowledge, in order to better understand how to develop crowdsourcing for effective social innovation.
To address this research question, the author conducted action research on a 12 days workshop, organized by the collective, in the Old Town of Bari. The workshop aimed to create a School Open Source with the help of the crowd, which was engaged on promoting and co-creating the social initiative. Furthermore the researcher collected and analyzed the online discussions, paths and topics from the days of the workshop to the opening of the School.
The study reveals how crowdsourcing acted as an opportunity to build a new community which revitalized the local social environment. The author also found that design processes played a major role on the community creation and instructed new governance models. Additionally, digital communications built a network, which is able to generate and regenerate the local socio-economical fabric and connect it with the rest of the world. These results indicate a first step towards a proposal for an open innovation model for social innovation which combines online crowd engagement with offline activities and where design processes nurture the sense of belonging between community and territory
Gene expression profile in fibroblast growth factor 2-transformed endothelial cells.
No full textFibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) exerts paracrine and autocrine functions on endothelial cells. FGF2-overexpressing murine aortic endothelial cells (FGF2-T-MAE cells) induce opportunistic hemangioendothelioma-like tumors when inoculated in immunodeficient mice. To evaluate the impact of FGF2-mediated activation on gene expression profile in transformed endothelial cells, we performed subtractive suppression hybridization analysis between FGF2-T-MAE cells and parental MAE cells. The two cell populations were compared for differential gene expression also by gene macroarray hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNAs. The two approaches allowed the identification of 27 transcripts whose expression was upregulated by FGF2 in endothelial cells. With the exception of one unknown gene, the differentially expressed transcripts encoded for proteins involved in the modulation of cell cycle, differentiation, and cell adhesion. Among them, the stress-inducible genes A170, GADD45 and GADD153 are upregulated by FGF2 transfection or recombinant growth factor treatment. Their expression was also induced in vascular tumors originated by parental or FGF2-transfected MAE cells in nude mice. This study extends the number of genes involved in tumor angiogenesis and/or endothelial cell transformation, a finding with possible implications for the discovery of novel targets for angiostatic therapy
An Analysis of Speech Act in the Animation Movie: Coco
No full textLinguistic aspects are very important in English. When linguistics became a linguistic science, people studied it in several branches of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, semantics, sociolinguistics, and Practical. Speech act is one of the important components of pragmatics because speech act is a branch of pragmatics, related to all types of utterances made by speakers and its meaning depends on the point of view of the speaker. speaker and interlocutor. Speech acts are divided into three types: speech, speech, and speech. As technology advances, more media can support the learning process making it more enjoyable. Like learning by reading novels, watching movies and even listening to songs. This search is an analytical speech act introduced by Searle in Cartoons: Coco. The problem of this research is: what types of speech acts are proposed by the main characters in cartoons: Coco and what is the most dominant speech act among the main characters in cartoons: Coco. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. With the qualitative descriptive method, information is gathered via the use of words and images rather than figures. Interviews, field notes, photos, videotapes, private documents, notes or memos, and other documents can all provide data. The author of this research does a case study, provides a basic description, and goes over the language. Because the study's focus is on natural events or symptoms, the author employs this kind of qualitative research in it. The author of this paper will examine Coco, the cartoon's primary character, through an analysis of her verbal acts. Results of the study is: to explore the type of speech act that the main character proposes in the cartoon: Coco and to find out which speech act is most dominant among the main characters in an animated film: Coco. In this study, the author only focuses on studying one type of linguistic behavior, which is linguistic behavior
The Effect of Morphometry, Land-Use and Lithology on Landslides Susceptibility: An Exploratory Analysis
No full textGIS features provide simple and useful tools for landslides susceptibility and hazard studies, allowing the identification and the quantification of predisposing factors, and their relative importance. In lithologically homogeneous areas, the most influent factor of landslides is slope morphometry, in particular inclination, height and form. Moreover, within a hydrographic basin, landslides are coupled with drainage network. In fact landslides density and drainage density are positively correlated. Furthermore, human activity strongly influences the development of landslides. In our previous works, we introduced MSI (Morphometric Slope Index) as general index for slope morphometry, combining the main linear and areal morphometric features (area, form, length, inclination, width). Its formula is: MSI=A3D/A2D·L·Rc (where A3D is the three-dimensional area of the slope, A2D is its plan area, L is the slope length and Rc is the circularity ratio). We tested MSI as driver of different erosion landforms, demonstrating its influence in determining, on the one hand, the development and the final arrangement of calanchi drainage network (the typical Italian badlands), and, on the other hand, the erosion processes within them, mainly gullies and landslides. The present study is an exploratory application of this index to landslides susceptibility, aimed to analyze the combined effect of slope morphometry (summarized in MSI), lithology and land-use on the distribution of landslides in small catchments. The study is located in the Italian periadriatic foredeep, in the Abruzzo Region. This study has reinforced our perspective about the validity of the application of the techniques of geomorphometric analysis to the landslides susceptibility. Especially we consider this approach an efficient tool to summarize different controlling factors
Resultaten van de CoCo-module "Groeien planten beter met chilisalpeter" bij 4 havo leerlingen
No full textHet ministerie van OC&W heeft het doel gesteld om de bèta en technische opleidingen aantrekkelijker te maken, door o.m. het huidige scheikunde curriculum te actualiseren. In dit beschrijvende, kwalitatieve onderzoek stellen we de onderzoeksvraag of de context-en-conceptbenadering (CoCo-benadering), die gehanteerd gaat worden bij het nieuwe scheikunde curriculum, een oplossing is voor drie pijnpunten, die geconstateerd zijn bij het huidige scheikunde curriculum. Dit onderzoek is gericht op de leerervaringen, die een groep 4 havo leerlingen opgedaan heeft tijdens doorlopen van een aangepaste versie van de CoCo-module, genaamd “groeien planten beter met chilisalpeter”. Conceptmaps, leerzinnen en de resultaten van een cognitieve toets zijn hierbij gehanteerd als onderzoeksinstrument. Uit de beantwoording van de deelvragen, van de onderzoeksvraag, is geconcludeerd dat de CoCo-benadering een goede start is voor het adresseren van de pijnpunten van het huidige scheikunde curriculum. Oefenen met de de- en recontextualisatie van de concepten in de les en tijdens cognitieve toetsen is noodzakelijk. Het is ook evident dat de docent expliciete, continue aandacht aan de leerlingen moet schenken om de koppelingen tussen de contexten en de concepten te leggen.Science EducationScience Education and CommunicationApplied Science
Emilio Coco, crisol de la poesía italiana, española y latinoamericana contemporáneas
No full textEsta tesis es un estudio completo sobre la figura de Emilio Coco y más concretamente sobre su labor de divulgación de la poesía contemporánea española y latinoamericana en Italia y viceversa. Su principal objetivo es resaltar el papel clave de este renombrado hispanista que con sus estudios, traducciones y poemas ha conseguido romper el estado de incomunicación entre las tres tradiciones literarias, facilitando un enriquecimiento recíproco y la intensificación de las relaciones culturales entre ellos. En el primer capítulo presentamos a nuestro autor abordando sus tres facetas, traductor, editor y poeta, pues las tres mantienen un diálogo constante a lo largo de nuestro trabajo, a través de una breve noticia biobibliográfica y una entrevista personal. A continuación se presentan los cinco capítulos centrales en los que llevamos a cabo un estudio de cada una de estas facetas, teniendo en cuenta para la primera una visión personal del autor sobre el arte de traducir, una selección de los poemas traducidos de los respectivos autores enmarcados en un breve panorama de la poesía desde los años 60 hasta nuestros días y una clasificación cronológica y breve reseña de las antologías, libros y revistas que incluyen sus traducciones; para la segunda sus colecciones de poesía; y para la tercera un análisis de su poética acompañada por una muestra de sus poemas y su alcance en revistas italianas y extranjeras.
Esta tesis es un estudio completo sobre la figura de Emilio Coco y más concretamente sobre su labor de divulgación de la poesía contemporánea española y latinoamericana en Italia y viceversa. Su principal objetivo es resaltar el papel clave de este renombrado hispanista que con sus estudios, traducciones y poemas ha conseguido romper el estado de incomunicación entre las tres tradiciones literarias, facilitando un enriquecimiento recíproco y la intensificación de las relaciones culturales entre ellos. En el primer capítulo presentamos a nuestro autor abordando sus tres facetas, traductor, editor y poeta, pues las tres mantienen un diálogo constante a lo largo de nuestro trabajo, a través de una breve noticia biobibliográfica y una entrevista personal. A continuación se presentan los cinco capítulos centrales en los que llevamos a cabo un estudio de cada una de estas facetas, teniendo en cuenta para la primera una visión personal del autor sobre el arte de traducir, una selección de los poemas traducidos de los respectivos autores enmarcados en un breve panorama de la poesía desde los años 60 hasta nuestros días y una clasificación cronológica y breve reseña de las antologías, libros y revistas que incluyen sus traducciones; para la segunda sus colecciones de poesía; y para la tercera un análisis de su poética acompañada por una muestra de sus poemas y su alcance en revistas italianas y extranjeras.
Esta tesis es un estudio completo sobre la figura de Emilio Coco y más concretamente sobre su labor de divulgación de la poesía contemporánea española y latinoamericana en Italia y viceversa. Su principal objetivo es resaltar el papel clave de este renombrado hispanista que con sus estudios, traducciones y poemas ha conseguido romper el estado de incomunicación entre las tres tradiciones literarias, facilitando un enriquecimiento recíproco y la intensificación de las relaciones culturales entre ellos. En el primer capítulo presentamos a nuestro autor abordando sus tres facetas, traductor, editor y poeta, pues las tres mantienen un diálogo constante a lo largo de nuestro trabajo, a través de una breve noticia biobibliográfica y una entrevista personal. A continuación se presentan los cinco capítulos centrales en los que llevamos a cabo un estudio de cada una de estas facetas, teniendo en cuenta para la primera una visión personal del autor sobre el arte de traducir, una selección de los poemas traducidos de los respectivos autores enmarcados en un breve panorama de la poesía desde los años 60 hasta nuestros días y una clasificación cronológica y breve reseña de las antologías, libros y revistas que incluyen sus traducciones; para la segunda sus colecciones de poesía; y para la tercera un análisis de su poética acompañada por una muestra de sus poemas y su alcance en revistas italianas y extranjeras. ABSTRACT
This thesis is a comprehensive study of the figure of Emilio Coco and his work to extend knowledge about Spanish and Latin American contemporary poetry in Italy and vice versa. Its main objective is to highlight the key role of this renowned Spanish studies scholar, who with his studies, translations and poems, has overcome the divide between these three literary traditions, facilitating mutual enrichment and the strengthening of cultural relations between them. In the first chapter, we present our author through a brief bio-bibliographical note and a personal interview, where we address his three facets as translator, editor and poet. Next we present the five main chapters of this thesis where a study of each of these facets is carried out; first we present his views on the art of translation, a selection of translated poems and their authors considered within a brief overview of poetry from the 60s to the present day. A chronological classification and brief revision of the anthologies, books and magazines that published his translations are also included. To account for his facet as editor, the collections of poetry he edited are considered, and finally an analysis of his poetic production is presented, accompanied by a sample of his poems and a reflection upon the impact and influence they had in Italian and foreign journals
BORDER CROSSINGS: CONVERSATIONS ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND CULTURES
No full textThe Spring 1997 PROVOST\u27S LECTURE SERIES, presented by the Institute for the Study of Culture and Society (ICS), offers a series of events which explore cultural interactions at the crossroads between social realities and cultural worlds. The series includes talks and events by interdisciplinary scholar and performance artist Coco Fusco; Third World scholar Barbara Harlow; and African-American cultural critic Michael Awkward.
Bringing these nationally known scholars and artists to our learning community at Bowling Green State University marks an attempt to dare to cross borders between the known and unknown ; to gather a group of scholars, artists, and individuals who are dedicated to cultural equity and international rights; and to take ourselves there where we do not expect, are not expected to be. Borders thus cease to be dividing lines and instead, as Elsbeth Probyn has noted, become those places at the limits of who we think we are and where we can articulate, respect and use our differences to produce new knowledge.https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ics_fellow_lectures/1123/thumbnail.jp
PENDAMPINGAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN UMKM NATA DE COCO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI PRODUK DI GODEGAN, SRANDAKAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
No full textMitra dalam program pengabdian KKN PPM ini adalah pengusaha Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dan warga di wilayah Godegan Srandakan Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dinyatakan Mitra adalah UMKM karena program utama Pengabdi akan mendampingi beberapa UMKM yang ada di dusun Godegan, khususnya UMKM Nata de coco, disamping itu juga akan menyelenggarakan program bantu berupa Digitalisasi Data Kependudukan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nilai hasil olahan produk nata de coco, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan penghasilan warga hingga terjadi kemandirian ekonomi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah pengelola UMKM nata de coco yang hanya mengolah nata de coco dalam bentuk setengah jadi, tidak memiliki pengetahuan untuk meningkatkan nilai produk supaya mempunyai nilai jual yang lebih baik. Kemasan, logo, dan merk produk juga menjadi kendala untuk memasarkan hasil olahan produk jadi. Selain permasalahan yang terdapat pada usaha UMKM nata de coco, terdapat juga permasalahan di dusun, yaitu administrasi data kependudukan yang tidak update, karena dicatat secara manual. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, Pengabdi menyelesaikan masalah dengan melakukan kegiatan yang terbagi menjadi aspek produksi, pemasaran, dan Pencatatan Keuangan. Pada aspek produksi: diselenggarakan pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan produk dan pengemasan nata de coco yang menarik untuk meningkatkan nilai produk; dari aspek pemasaran diperlukan pendampingan tentang pemasaran produk secara online, sedangkan dari segi keuangan dilakukan pendampingan dalam mengelola keuangan usaha. Pengabdi juga memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam hal pembuatan company profile dan digitalisasi data kependudukan. Luaran dari program pengabdian ini adalah: berita di media massa, video kegiatan, keikutsertaan dalam seminar nasional pengabdian masyarkat, dan naskah ilmiah yang dipublikasikan dalam bentuk jurnal terakreditasi Sint
My No.1 - for timeless women naistenvaatemallisto syksy-talvi 2013-2014 Coco Chanelin innoittamana
No full textTyön aiheena on Coco Chaneliin pohjautuvan käyntikorttimalliston suunnittelu. Mallisto on naistenvaatemallisto syksy – talvi 2013-2014 ja se sisältää 15 vaatekappaletta. Suunnittelija haluaa malliston olevan työelämä- ja tulevaisuuslähtöinen, joten suunniteltavan malliston tarkoitus on tulevaisuudessa toimia suunnittelijalle käyntikorttina työnhakutilanteessa. Mallistolla pyritään syventämään suunnittelijan taitoja ja vahvistamaan suunnittelijaidentiteettiä.
Työ sisältää tutkimusosuuden, jossa perehdytään Coco Chanelin elämään suunnittelijana. Tekijä vertailee tutkimusosuuden lisäksi itseään ja Chanelia toisiinsa suunnittelijoina Papanekin funktioanalyysin avulla ja tekee sen perustella yhteenvedon heidän yhtäläisyyksistään ja epäyhtäläisyyksistä. Työn tutkimuksellista osuutta tukee Pirkko Anttilan kriittisrealistinen evaluaatio malli, joka kuvastaa luovan projektin etenemistä.
Työn lopullisia tuloksia ovat valmis mallistokokonaisuus, joka tulee toimimaan suunnittelijalle esittelymateriaalina, neljä toteutettua tuotetta suunnitellusta mallistosta sekä kirjallinen tutkimusosuus Coco Chanelista.
Suunnittelija analysoi työn tuloksia SWOT-analyysin avulla ja hän toivoo saavansa asiantuntijapalautetta Stockmannin muodin studion designer managerilta, nykyiseltä työnantajalta, Luisa Laineelta, suunnittelija Milla Terholta sekä brändimanageri Kathleen Hyytiseltä, jota hän tarkastelee työn kannalta. Työn tekijä pohtii työtä kokonaisuudessaan asiantuntijapalautteen lisäksi myös omasta näkökulmastaan ja kertoo pohdinnassa omat ajatuksensa lopullisesta työstä.The subject of the thesis was to design a collection based on Coco Chanel. The collection will serve as a business card. The collection is a women's collection for autumn - winter 2013-2014 and it includes 15 pieces of clothing. The author wanted the collection to derive from work and future, so the collection was planned for the future to operate as a business card of the author applying for a job. The collection aims to deepen the skills of the author and to strengthen the identity of the author as a designer.
The work includes a research part, in which the author discusses the life of designer Coco Chanel. The author also compares herself with Coco Chanel as a designer with the help of the Papanek function analysis and summarizes the similarities and differences of the designers. Pirkko Anttila’s critical realistic evaluation model supports the research work and helps to reflect the creative progress of the project.
The final result of the thesis is a collection which will function as a presentation material for the designer. The final result includes four manufactured pieces of clothes from the collection and a written overview of Coco Chanel.
The designer analysis the results obtained through the work with the help of the SWOT analysis and she wish that she could get expert feedback from Stockmann's design manager Luisa Laine, designer Milla Terho, and brand manager Kathleen Hyytinen that she consider through the thesis. The author considers the work as a whole from her own perspective and reflects her own thoughts of the final work
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