1,720,966 research outputs found
Vartai į Vakarus: lietuvių ir žydų emigracija iš lietuviškųjų gubernijų, 1867-1914 m.
No full textStraipsnyje lyginama tarpatlantinė lietuvių ir žydų emigracija iš lietuviškųjų Rusijos gubernijų į Vakarus 1867–1914 metais. Jame tiriami emigraciją sukėlę socialiniai, ekonominiai ir politiniai pokyčiai, taip pat emigracijos dinamika, socialiniai profiliai, agentų tinklai, kryptys ir būdai. Straipsnis remiasi kai kuriais archyviniais dokumentais, gausia antrine literatūra. Autorius atskleidžia dviejų gyventojų grupių emigracijų priklausomybę, jų bendrą emigracinę patirtį. Tokiu būdu siūloma lyginamoji skirtingų grupių emigracijos tyrimų perspektyva Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuviai; Lyginamoji istorija; Migracija; Rusijos imperija (Russian Empire); Žydai; Comparative History; Jews; Lithuanians; Migration; Migration, Jews, Lithuanians, Russian Empire, comparative history; Russian EmpireThis article compares the transatlantic emigration of Lithuanians and Jews from the Lithuanian provinces of Russia to the West during 1867–1914. It explores the socio-economic and political changes that induced the mass migration and examines its dynamics, social profiles, agent networks, routes and ways of emigration. The article is based on a variety of sources including some archival documents and a rich body of secondary literature. By suggesting a degree of shared migratory experience and interdependence of these two migrations, the author calls for a comparative approach in studying the emigration experiences of different ethnic group
A Dirty War: The Armed Polish-Lithuanian Conflict and its Impact on Nation-Making in Lithuania, 1919–23
Get PDFThis article discusses the armed Polish-Lithuanian conflict during 1919–23. It flared in May 1919 when the first open clash between Lithuanian and Polish troops took place. It gradually escalated into an undeclared war and lasted until late November 1920 when, in Kaunas, both sides agreed to stop fighting along the neutral zone established by the League of Nations. However, there was no final peace agreement signed, only a truce, and low-scale paramilitary violence continued unabated in the neutral zone until as late as May 1923. The author argues that the conflict involved various paramilitary formations which terrorised the civilians in the disputed borderland. For the Lithuanian government, the war against Poland provided an opportunity for total mobilization of the Lithuanian society. The fact that, during the entire interwar period, the conflict remained open-ended, ensured that the paramilitary structures and military laws that emerged during it would remain in place for much longer
Abrindo portas para o Ocidente: Migrações lituanas e judaicas a partir das províncias lituanas, entre 1867 e 1914
Get PDFEste artigo compara a emigração transatlântica de lituanos e judeus das províncias lituanas da Rússia para o Ocidente, no período de 1867 a 1914. Ele explora as mudanças socioeconômicas e políticas que levaram à migração em massa e examina sua dinâmica, perfis sociais, redes de agentes, caminhos e modos de emigração. O artigo baseia-se em uma variedade de fontes que incluem alguns documentos de arquivos e uma vasta gama de literatura secundária. Sugerindo um grau de experiência migratória compartilhada e a interdependência destas duas migrações, o autor utiliza-se de uma abordagem comparativa ao estudar as experiências de emigração de diferentes grupos étnicos. Opening Gates to the West: Lithuanian and Jewish Migrations from the Lithuanian Provinces, 1867-1914- Abstract: This article compares the transatlantic emigration of Lithuanians and Jews from the Lithuanian provinces of Russia to the West during 1867-1914. It explores the socioeconomic and political changes that induced the mass migration and examines its dynamics, social profiles, agent networks, routes and ways of emigration. The article is based on a variety of sources including some archival documents and a rich body of secondary literature. By suggesting a degree of shared migratory experience and interdependence of these two migrations, the author calls for a comparative approach in studying the emigration experiences of different ethnic groups
From Defence to Revolution: Lithuanian Paramilitary Groups in 1918 and 1919
Get PDFThe article explores various linkages between the violence of the Great War and the postwarconflict in independent Lithuania. The author focuses on several key Lithuanian paramilitarygroups that emerged as a result of the collapse of the German occupying regime, the Bolshevikadvance, and the ensuing power struggle in 1918 and 1919. It explores their grassrootsorigins, their motivation to fight, and their role in processes of forming a community, and stateand nation-building. The author argues that these armed paramilitary formations contributedto the militarisation of the country’s civilian life. Having emerged in the contested peripheralregions of Lithuania, they were led by veterans of the Great War acting as independent warlords.Besides providing security for local people, these formations occasionally engaged interror against civilians who were perceived as harmful elements that had to be purged fromlocal communities. These paramilitary formations also showed a degree of operational freedom,by controlling certain peripheral regions for considerable periods of time. But the statewas able to share its monopoly on legal violence with them only for as long as its own survivalrequired the mobilisation of all economic and human resources for the war.KEY WORDS: paramilitarism, revolution, nation-building, terror, war veterans, refugees. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v28i0.92
From Defence to Revolution: Lithuanian Paramilitary Groups in 1918 and 1919
No full textThe article explores various linkages between the violence of the Great War and the postwar conflict in independent Lithuania. The author focuses on several key Lithuanian paramilitary groups that emerged as a result of the collapse of the German occupying regime, the Bolshevik advance, and the ensuing power struggle in 1918 and 1919. It explores their grassroots origins, their motivation to fight, and their role in processes of forming a community, and state and nation-building. The author argues that these armed paramilitary formations contributed to the militarisation of the country’s civilian life. Having emerged in the contested peripheral regions of Lithuania, they were led by veterans of the Great War acting as independent warlords. Besides providing security for local people, these formations occasionally engaged in terror against civilians who were perceived as harmful elements that had to be purged from local communities. These paramilitary formations also showed a degree of operational freedom, by controlling certain peripheral regions for considerable periods of time. But the state was able to share its monopoly on legal violence with them only for as long as its own survival required the mobilisation of all economic and human resources for the war
Scandinavian Volunteers as Perpetrators of Violence and Crime in the Estonian War of Independence
No full textWar refugees and ethnic conflict in Lithuania during 1939-1940.
No full textStraipsnyje aiškinamasi ar žodžių publiczny, publiczność, publicum, powszechność reikšmės, randamos Lenkijos Karalystės dokumentuose, buvo vienodai paplitusios ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės gyventojų diskurse. Nustatyta, kad vadovaujantieji politikai (Kazimieras Nestoras Sapiega ir Stanislovas Kublickis), pamokslininkai (Jonas Nepomukas Kosakovskis ir Mykolas Pranciškus Karpavičius) ir eiliniai kilmingieji, rinkdavęsi Lietuvos seimeliuose, vartodavo dobro publiczne tokia pačia, labai patriotiška prasme, kaip ir Lenkijos Karalystėje. Kaip ir Lenkijoje, ši žodžio publicum reikšmė pasitaiko ir Lietuvos seimelių instrukcijose. Tačiau vis dėlto atrodo, kad Lietuvoje, ir seimeliuose, ir pamoksluose, žodis powszechność (bendrumas), vartotas dažniau nei publiczność kalbant apie „bendrumą", kuris sąlygodavo verdiktus politiniais klausimais. Atrodo, kad tokia prasme žodis publiczność buvo vartojamas tik Varšuvos seimo narių (pavyzdžiui, K. N. Sapiegos, vyskupų Ignoto Masalskio ir Juozapo Kosakovskio). Šios tendencijos priežastis iš dalies gali būti atvirai neatskleidžiamas nepasitikėjimas metropoliu, Varšuva, būdingas nuo jos nutolusioms vaivadijoms, o ypač ryškus Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje. Paskutiniame straipsnio skyriuje nagrinėjamas Jurgen'o Habermas'o visuomeninės sferos (Offentlichkeif) teorijos pritaikomumas Lenkijos-Lietuvos valstybei. Žodžių publicum, publiczność ir powszechność vartojimas viešosios nuomonės tribunolo prasme rodo aukštą politinės ir intelektualios brandos laipsnį Respublikos žlugimo išvakarėse. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Karo pabėgeliai; Lietuvių ir lenkų konfliktas; Vilniaus kraštas; Etninis konfliktas; War refugees; Lithuanian and Polish conflict; Vilnius district; Ethnic conflictThis article examines the relationship between an ethnic conflict and refugeedom in Lithuania at the onset of WWII. It explores competing agendas of the Lithuanian government, international relief organizations, and local refugee institutions. Initially, as war victims in need of help and protection, m the course of time the refugees became increasingly 'ethnicized', socially differentiated and isolated as a potential political threat. The process of 'ethnicization' led to ι competition among different relief agencies over the issues of the administration of relief effort. The official decision to create a legal category of so called 'aliens5, who forfeited their citizenship and residence rights in Lithuania, further aggravated the crisis by expanding refugees' numbers to more than 100,000. Different official repressive measures (refugee camps, deportations, forced labour schemes, repatriations) are investigated to explain how the government manipulated the refugee crisis for its own political purposes and how the crisis played into the Polish- Lithuanian conflict. The refugees are presented as active historical agents with their own political and cultural agendas that often competed with the official policies
Mokslinė biblioteka: dabartis ir ateities vizija mokslininko akimis
Get PDFThe paper presents the researcher’s experience at the research libraries of various countries, as well as his vision of a future library. The priority at the research libraries should be given to enrichment of the collections of publications, development of the information technologies and qualified professional services of the librarians. The possibilities in providing information and services at the National Library of Lithuania are being analysed. Moreover, they are compared with these at other libraries. Some suggestions are offered for the National Library to be more attractive and friendly to the users who should be provided with enlarged open-access collections and automated delivery system of the publications. Accessibility to the wireless internet, possibilities of copying and scanning of the publications should be also expanded. Trusting in demands of the users and meeting their needs at the library is a crucial challenge for librarians
PRIVERSTINAI IŠKELDINTIEJI IR JŲ PALIKIMAS
Get PDFApie mokslinę konferenciją, skirtą priverstiniams gyventojų iškeldinimams Lietuvoje ir Europoj
Legacy of DP camps: Lithuanian war exiles in the West in 1944-1945
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Dipukai (perkeltieji asmenys); Dipukų mentalitetas; Dipukų stovyklos; Lietuviai perkeltieji asmenys (dipukai); Lietuvių karo tremtiniai; Perkeltųjų asmenų stovyklos; DP camps; DP mentality; Dicplaced persons; Displaced persons camps; Lithuanian displaced persons; Lithuanian exile
- …
