3,294 research outputs found
Nation-Building, Revolution, and the Advance of the Red Army into Lithuania, 1918-1919
Get PDFThis article explores the initial conjunction and subsequent disentanglement of social and nationalist revolutions in Lithuania by focusing on the impact that war and various mobilizations had on the local population in 1918–19. Despite the explosion of social and nationalist unrest all over the country in late 1918, in a matter of several months the Bolsheviks lost their case. The key reasons for their failure were their military defeat by German, Lithuanian, and Polish troops, but also economic mismanagement, the refusal to distribute land to peasants, and an inability to present their revolution as “native.” Following the Leninist doctrine of “proletarian revolution” that relegated peasantry to a secondary position, the Bolsheviks failed to forge an alliance with the largest
population group of Lithuanian society, which resulted in their downfall
Apie kai kurias istorijos mokslo disertacijas, skirtas lietuvių tautiniam judėjimui, apgintas užsienio mokslo įstaigose: Tomo Balkelio (2009) ir Audronės Janužytės (2005) darbai ir jų kontekstas : recenzija
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Tomas Balkelis; Audronė Janužytė; Tautinis judėjimas; Tomas Balkelis; Audronė Janužytė; Lithuanian national movemen
From Defence to Revolution: Lithuanian Paramilitary Groups in 1918 and 1919
No full textThe article explores various linkages between the violence of the Great War and the postwar conflict in independent Lithuania. The author focuses on several key Lithuanian paramilitary groups that emerged as a result of the collapse of the German occupying regime, the Bolshevik advance, and the ensuing power struggle in 1918 and 1919. It explores their grassroots origins, their motivation to fight, and their role in processes of forming a community, and state and nation-building. The author argues that these armed paramilitary formations contributed to the militarisation of the country’s civilian life. Having emerged in the contested peripheral regions of Lithuania, they were led by veterans of the Great War acting as independent warlords. Besides providing security for local people, these formations occasionally engaged in terror against civilians who were perceived as harmful elements that had to be purged from local communities. These paramilitary formations also showed a degree of operational freedom, by controlling certain peripheral regions for considerable periods of time. But the state was able to share its monopoly on legal violence with them only for as long as its own survival required the mobilisation of all economic and human resources for the war
Vartai į Vakarus: lietuvių ir žydų emigracija iš lietuviškųjų gubernijų, 1867-1914 m.
No full textStraipsnyje lyginama tarpatlantinė lietuvių ir žydų emigracija iš lietuviškųjų Rusijos gubernijų į Vakarus 1867–1914 metais. Jame tiriami emigraciją sukėlę socialiniai, ekonominiai ir politiniai pokyčiai, taip pat emigracijos dinamika, socialiniai profiliai, agentų tinklai, kryptys ir būdai. Straipsnis remiasi kai kuriais archyviniais dokumentais, gausia antrine literatūra. Autorius atskleidžia dviejų gyventojų grupių emigracijų priklausomybę, jų bendrą emigracinę patirtį. Tokiu būdu siūloma lyginamoji skirtingų grupių emigracijos tyrimų perspektyva Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuviai; Lyginamoji istorija; Migracija; Rusijos imperija (Russian Empire); Žydai; Comparative History; Jews; Lithuanians; Migration; Migration, Jews, Lithuanians, Russian Empire, comparative history; Russian EmpireThis article compares the transatlantic emigration of Lithuanians and Jews from the Lithuanian provinces of Russia to the West during 1867–1914. It explores the socio-economic and political changes that induced the mass migration and examines its dynamics, social profiles, agent networks, routes and ways of emigration. The article is based on a variety of sources including some archival documents and a rich body of secondary literature. By suggesting a degree of shared migratory experience and interdependence of these two migrations, the author calls for a comparative approach in studying the emigration experiences of different ethnic group
A Dirty War: The Armed Polish-Lithuanian Conflict and its Impact on Nation-Making in Lithuania, 1919–23
Get PDFThis article discusses the armed Polish-Lithuanian conflict during 1919–23. It flared in May 1919 when the first open clash between Lithuanian and Polish troops took place. It gradually escalated into an undeclared war and lasted until late November 1920 when, in Kaunas, both sides agreed to stop fighting along the neutral zone established by the League of Nations. However, there was no final peace agreement signed, only a truce, and low-scale paramilitary violence continued unabated in the neutral zone until as late as May 1923. The author argues that the conflict involved various paramilitary formations which terrorised the civilians in the disputed borderland. For the Lithuanian government, the war against Poland provided an opportunity for total mobilization of the Lithuanian society. The fact that, during the entire interwar period, the conflict remained open-ended, ensured that the paramilitary structures and military laws that emerged during it would remain in place for much longer
PRIVERSTINAI IŠKELDINTIEJI IR JŲ PALIKIMAS
Get PDFApie mokslinę konferenciją, skirtą priverstiniams gyventojų iškeldinimams Lietuvoje ir Europoj
Producción musical del tema Dónde Estás del artista Tomas Cansing
No full textThe musical theme “Dónde Estás” came in a spontaneous way, back in August of 2013, based on personal experiences of the author. The project was totally produced by the musician and composer Tomas Cansing, who tried to capture his ideas and both musical and lyrical experiences, to attempt that the listener feels identified with the principal concept of the song. Due to the musical features of the song, the production process was carried out by implementing standardized concepts and techniques related to the musical trend of this project. At the same time taking into account the musical references exposed by the artist, since there were some elements as: instrumentation and sonority that worked as a base for the musical production…El tema musical “Dónde Estás” nace de manera espontánea, a mediados del mes de Agosto del 2013, basado en experiencias propias del autor. El proyecto fue producido en su totalidad por el músico y compositor “Tomas Cansing”, quien intentó plasmar sus ideas y vivencias tanto en música como en letra, procurando que el oyente se sienta identificado con el concepto principal de la canción. Debido a las características musicales de la canción, el proceso de producción se llevó a cabo implementando los conceptos y las técnicas estandarizadas en relación al género musical del correspondiente proyecto. A su vez, se tomó en consideración las referencias musicales expuestas por el artista, ya que existieron elementos tales como: instrumentación y sonoridad que sirvieron como base para la producción musical…
Abrindo portas para o Ocidente: Migrações lituanas e judaicas a partir das províncias lituanas, entre 1867 e 1914
Get PDFEste artigo compara a emigração transatlântica de lituanos e judeus das províncias lituanas da Rússia para o Ocidente, no período de 1867 a 1914. Ele explora as mudanças socioeconômicas e políticas que levaram à migração em massa e examina sua dinâmica, perfis sociais, redes de agentes, caminhos e modos de emigração. O artigo baseia-se em uma variedade de fontes que incluem alguns documentos de arquivos e uma vasta gama de literatura secundária. Sugerindo um grau de experiência migratória compartilhada e a interdependência destas duas migrações, o autor utiliza-se de uma abordagem comparativa ao estudar as experiências de emigração de diferentes grupos étnicos. Opening Gates to the West: Lithuanian and Jewish Migrations from the Lithuanian Provinces, 1867-1914- Abstract: This article compares the transatlantic emigration of Lithuanians and Jews from the Lithuanian provinces of Russia to the West during 1867-1914. It explores the socioeconomic and political changes that induced the mass migration and examines its dynamics, social profiles, agent networks, routes and ways of emigration. The article is based on a variety of sources including some archival documents and a rich body of secondary literature. By suggesting a degree of shared migratory experience and interdependence of these two migrations, the author calls for a comparative approach in studying the emigration experiences of different ethnic groups
TOMAS: De variant op palen
No full textTOMAS is een bouwmethode voor de geïndustrialiseerde aanleg van een tunnelbak voor spoor- en wegverbindingen onder maaiveld. Dit rapport is globaal onder te verdelen in drie onderwerpen: 1) Beschrijving van de technologie; In dit gedeelte van het rapport wordt kort ingegaan op het technische idee achter TOMAS. De knelpunten worden behandeld en technisch onderbouwd. Bij een optimale werking van het proces kan TOMAS een voortgangssnelheid boeken van 45 meter per dag. 2) Krachtsbepaling onder een maatgevende treinlast in eindfase; Uitgangspunt is dat TOMAS een eindprodukt achterlaat dat geschikt is om treinverkeer toe te laten. Er wordt een belastinggeval bekeken waarbij twee treinen elkaar passeren en een statische belasting geven van 160 kN/m. Het blijkt dat de lengte van de treinen invloed hebben op de momentverdeling in de bak. Een maximum moment (circa 12.000 kNm) wordt bereikt bij een treinlengte van 30 meter. Het moment veroorzaakt een vormverandering in de bak waardoor de voegen neigen open te gaan staan. Als de voegen open staan kan grondwater in de bak stromen. Een eis voor de uiteindelijke constructie is dat deze grondwaterdicht moet zijn. Om de bak onder deze last waterdicht te houden is een axiale voorspanning benodigd van 3200 kN. De parameters benodigd voor de berekening, de beddingsconstante, de h.o.h. afstand van de heipalen en de veerstijfheid van de palen is bepaald in een typisch Rotterdams grondprofiel. 3) Technische onderbouwing van de haa/baarheid van TOMAS in de bouwfase; In de bouwfase is voornamelijk de invloed van de uitsleuver belicht waarbij is geprobeerd antwoord te krijgen op de volgende vragen: \u95 Blijft het graaffront stabiel, zal de grond niet gaan afschuiven? Wat is de invloed van gekruiste platen (frietsnijdervorm) aan het graaffront op de stabiliteit van het graaffront? \u95 Is er een blijvende axiale voorspanning in de bak? \u95 Hoe groot zijn de vijzelkrachten wanneer de uitsleuver zich door de grond drukt? \u95 Hoe reageert de betonnen bak onder de, niet continue, vijzelkracht? Om het graaffront van de uitsleuver zo klein mogelijk te houden wordt de grond aan het front gestabiliseerd met gekruiste platen. Deze platen hebben de vorm van een 'frietsnijder' en worden met kracht door de grond gedrukt. Deze kracht is erg afhankelijk van de grondsoort. Over het algemeen geeft, bij het gebruik van overlangse platen aan het graaffront, een zandige grondsoort grote krachten (tot 50.000 kN), wat het gebruik van deze platen aan het graaffront minder geschikt maakt voor deze gronden. Voor kleiige gronden ligt de vijzelkracht in de orde van grootte 20.000 kN.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
From Defence to Revolution: Lithuanian Paramilitary Groups in 1918 and 1919
Get PDFThe article explores various linkages between the violence of the Great War and the postwarconflict in independent Lithuania. The author focuses on several key Lithuanian paramilitarygroups that emerged as a result of the collapse of the German occupying regime, the Bolshevikadvance, and the ensuing power struggle in 1918 and 1919. It explores their grassrootsorigins, their motivation to fight, and their role in processes of forming a community, and stateand nation-building. The author argues that these armed paramilitary formations contributedto the militarisation of the country’s civilian life. Having emerged in the contested peripheralregions of Lithuania, they were led by veterans of the Great War acting as independent warlords.Besides providing security for local people, these formations occasionally engaged interror against civilians who were perceived as harmful elements that had to be purged fromlocal communities. These paramilitary formations also showed a degree of operational freedom,by controlling certain peripheral regions for considerable periods of time. But the statewas able to share its monopoly on legal violence with them only for as long as its own survivalrequired the mobilisation of all economic and human resources for the war.KEY WORDS: paramilitarism, revolution, nation-building, terror, war veterans, refugees. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v28i0.92
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