124,619 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Racing, ornamental and city pigeons carry Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) with different Shiga toxin subtypes, urging further analysis of their epidemiological role in the spread of STEC
No full textPigeons are known to shed zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, in this study a total of 366 droppings from pigeons were analysed using PCR and DNA-DNA-hybridization for Shiga toxin producing E coli (STEC). Specimens were collected from three different groups of pigeons: 247 collective and 3 individual droppings from racing pigeons, 26 collective and 40 individual from ornamental pigeons as well as 50 collective droppings from city pigeons. Initial screening experiments revealed a total 245 (66.9%) droppings to be Shiga toxin gene positive. Of these 36% were positive for stx1,9% for stx2 and 37% for stx2f. Prevalence significantly (p < 0.001) differed in regard to the pigeon groups examined. Droppings from racing pigeons showed prevalence of 45.6% for stx1,3.2% for stx2, and 33.2% for stx2f, while the distribution of stx-positive specimens was more even in ornamental pigeons (15% stx1, 27% stx2, and 26% stx2). In specimens from city pigeons, stx2f was found to be most prevalent with 76% (2% stx1, 16% stx2). In 161 samples, stx genes were detected by PCR as well as DNA-DNA-hybridization. From these 161 samples, 20 were randomly chosen for isolation of STEC. A total of 27 STEC strains were isolated from 13 of these 20 samples. Six of the STEC were positive for stx1, 21 harbored stx2f. Further typing for virulence factor genes revealed the existence of eae in 4 of the 6 stx1-positive strains, as well as in 19 of the 21 stx2f-positive strains. eae is known to be crucially involved in the ability of E coli strains to cause the "attaching and effacing" lesion in the gut, while stx2f-STEC are assumed to be host specific for pigeons. Here we report the first description of stx1- and eae-positive STEC strains in pigeons from Germany, especially in racing and ornamental pigeons. Taking into account the close contact between fanciers and pigeons, these findings warrant a more critical appraisal of these zoonotic pathogens in pigeons
Racing, ornamental and city pigeons carry Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) with different Shiga toxin subtypes, urging further analysis of their epidemiological role in the spread of STEC
No full textPigeons are known to shed zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, in this study a total of 366 droppings from pigeons were analysed using PCR and DNA-DNA-hybridization for Shiga toxin producing E coli (STEC). Specimens were collected from three different groups of pigeons: 247 collective and 3 individual droppings from racing pigeons, 26 collective and 40 individual from ornamental pigeons as well as 50 collective droppings from city pigeons. Initial screening experiments revealed a total 245 (66.9%) droppings to be Shiga toxin gene positive. Of these 36% were positive for stx1,9% for stx2 and 37% for stx2f. Prevalence significantly (p < 0.001) differed in regard to the pigeon groups examined. Droppings from racing pigeons showed prevalence of 45.6% for stx1,3.2% for stx2, and 33.2% for stx2f, while the distribution of stx-positive specimens was more even in ornamental pigeons (15% stx1, 27% stx2, and 26% stx2). In specimens from city pigeons, stx2f was found to be most prevalent with 76% (2% stx1, 16% stx2). In 161 samples, stx genes were detected by PCR as well as DNA-DNA-hybridization. From these 161 samples, 20 were randomly chosen for isolation of STEC. A total of 27 STEC strains were isolated from 13 of these 20 samples. Six of the STEC were positive for stx1, 21 harbored stx2f. Further typing for virulence factor genes revealed the existence of eae in 4 of the 6 stx1-positive strains, as well as in 19 of the 21 stx2f-positive strains. eae is known to be crucially involved in the ability of E coli strains to cause the "attaching and effacing" lesion in the gut, while stx2f-STEC are assumed to be host specific for pigeons. Here we report the first description of stx1- and eae-positive STEC strains in pigeons from Germany, especially in racing and ornamental pigeons. Taking into account the close contact between fanciers and pigeons, these findings warrant a more critical appraisal of these zoonotic pathogens in pigeons
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ
No full textThe ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is
B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd),
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5.
The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be
ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%.
Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Use of the Keystone perforator Island flap in the treatment of chronic lower extremity wounds complicated by osteomyelitis
No full textIntroduction: Reconstruction of chronic lower extremity wounds can be especially challenging when these wounds are complicated by osteomyelitis. They require the joint expertise of plastic and orthopaedic surgeons. Methods: We report our experience using the Keystone Perforator Island Flap following wound and bone debridement as a valuable surgical tool for coverage of complex wounds with bone infection. Results: Twelve patients underwent similar procedures with overall good outcomes, although two patients experienced a complication, specifically partial flap necrosis and wound dehiscence subsequent to recurrent osteomyelitis. We also reviewed the underlying physiological mechanisms of employing the Keystone flap in order to demonstrate its advantages and efficacy. Conclusion: Our results confirm that the Keystone flap can be a safe, reliable and effective method for coverage of soft tissue defects and the preservation of bone integrity in the management of patients with chronic osteomyelitis
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