69,862 research outputs found
Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi
No full textKumar, V., Jolli, V., Babu, C. R. (2022): Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi. Zoodiversity 56 (1): 39-50, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2022.01.039, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2022.01.03
A new record of the family Isonychiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Ghats, India with a description of new species
No full textVasanth, M., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Babu, R., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2019): A new record of the family Isonychiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Ghats, India with a description of new species. Zootaxa 4586 (1): 162-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
FIGURES 1–7 in A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India
No full textFIGURES 1–7. Habitus: (1) Gomphidia t-nigrum (♂); (2) Gomphidia t-nigrum (♀); (3) Gomphidia kodaguensis (♂); (4) Gomphidia kodaguensis (♀); (5) Gomphidia leonorae (♀); (6) Gomphidia pearsoni (♂); (7) Gomphidia leonorae holotype: (a) lateral view, (b) dorsal view, (c) legs, (d) original label.Published as part of Babu, R. & Subramanian, K.A., 2019, A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India, pp. 155-164 in Zootaxa 4652 (1) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/336363
Gomphidia podhigai Babu & Subramanian 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 8–22)</p> <p> <b>Material.</b> <b>Holotype:</b> 1♂, India, Tamil Nadu, Aghastyamalai biosphere reserve, Kanyakumari District, Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaliyal Range, Kaliyal Beat, Velachithodu (08.53833N, 077.31174E, 480 m asl), 04.iv.2017, leg. R. Venkitesan. Holotype deposited at Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai, India with Reg. No. I /OD 1560.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species epithet “ <i>podhigai</i> ” is named after the ancient Tamil name for the Aghastyamalai were the type locality is situated.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> <i>Head</i> (Figs. 10–12): Face bright yellow marked with black; labium yellow, base marked with black (Fig. 10); labrum black marked with large yellow spot on each side; mandibles black. Anteclypeus and clypeus bright yellow and bordered with thin black line; postclypeus with broad black band.Antefrons black and postfrons black with large yellow spot on each side (Fig. 11). Vertex and occiput black; two black robust horns on vertex with short golden hairs (red arrow in Fig.12). Eyes dark brown in preservation.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Figs. 13–14): Prothorax black fringed with long grey hairs. Pterothorax black marked with bright yellow; a robust spine in middorsal carina (red arrow in Fig. 13). A broad deeply interrupted yellow mesothoracic collar widely separated from pyriformed antehumeral stripes, pointed below; a small superior humeral spot and lower elongated citron yellow spot; mesepisternum black; broad bright yellow stripes on mesepimeron and metepimeron separated by a broad black stripe in metepisternum with yellow triangular spot in upper and lower end; the yellow stripe in mesepimeron slightly constricted in the middle and posterior yellow stripe cover the whole of the metepimeron; dorsally, mesepisternum and metepisternum end in backwardly directed black spine (red and white arrows in Fig. 14). <i>Legs</i>: Black with robust short spines; coxae, trochanters and fore femora with yellow spots.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i> (Fig. 9): Transparent. Ax 20 in right and left Fw; Px 15 in left and 13 in right Fw. Ax 15 and 16, Px 13 and 14 in left and right Hw; triangle 4 celled in Fw and 3 celled in Hw; super triangle 3 celled in all the wings; subtriangle 3 celled in left Fw, 2 celled in left Hw and right Fw and entire in right Hw; 3 cubital cross veins in Fw and 2 in Hw; pt black and very long about 7 celled in Fw and 6-6½ celled in Hw; anal triangle six celled in left Hw and 7 celled in right Hw.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>: Black marked with bright yellow as follows; S1 with narrow apical dorsal line; dorsum of S2 with basal triangular spot not extending to the apex; S2 with long backwardly pointed black auricle arising from triangular yellow spot at base (red arrow in Fig. 15); S3–S5 small baso-dorsal spot pointed at apical end which gradually decreases in size in S4 and S5; S6 a small basal spot in each side; S7 basal half deep reddish brown; S8 and S9 entirely black, dorsum of S10 marked with broad yellow stripe expanding as a round spot apically; laterally, marked with yellow spots towards apical end of the segment.</p> <p> <i>Anal appendages</i> (Figs. 16–18): Black, cerci long (about 7mm) equal to the length of S9, machete shaped, downwardly curved with broad base, narrow middle portion and up turned, expanded apical portion, meet with each other with a pointed end; paraprocts very small (<2mm) and triangular shaped.</p> <p> <i>Accessory genitalia</i> (Figs. 19–22): In lateral view, unexposed lamina anterior and genital lobe helmet shaped, black with yellow apices; lamina anterior and hamulus anterior fringe with long hairs (Figs. 19 & 21); ventrally, lamina anterior black, very sinuous, long, pointed and deeply hollowed out in centre (Fig. 19); extended condition, hamulus anterior black, very long, basal half very broad, expanded medially and gradually taper and end as sharply pointed strong hooks (Figs. 20–21); hamulus posterior black tipped with yellow, tongue like shape, slightly shorter than anterior, flat, obtuse at apex (Figs. 20–21). <i>Vesica spermalis</i>: V 2 long and ‘C’ shaped, V 3 shorter than V 2, apex of V 4 with short medial tubular stem extend as a long coiled flagellum on each side (red arrow in Figs. 21–22).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm):</b> Fw 44, Hw 42, abdomen with appendages 55, cerci 7.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>: Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> is compared with other <i>Gomphidia</i> species from India and Sri Lanka. <i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> is similar to <i>G. kodaguensis</i>, <i>G. pearsoni</i> and <i>G. platyceps</i> in general coloration and markings and they occupy similar habitat in hill streams of Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. However, <i>G. podhigai</i> can be easily distinguished from <i>G. platyceps</i> by the presence of a pair of horns in vertex which is absent in <i>G. platyceps</i> and from <i>G. pearsoni</i> by the presence of prominent yellow markings in S10; from <i>G. kodaguensis</i>, the new species differs by the absence of yellow markings in S8–S9. In <i>G. podhigai</i> cerci are as long as S9, but longer than S 9 in <i>G. t-nigrum</i>, <i>G. kodaguensis, G. fletcheri</i> and <i>G. williamsoni</i> (Figs. 23–26). The shape of vesica spermalis of <i>G. podhigai</i> is different from <i>G. t-nigrum</i> and <i>G. fletcheri</i> (Figs. 27–28).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and Ecology:</b> The type locality is a hill stream with large boulders in a semi evergreen forest (Fig. 29; Map-1).</p>Published as part of <i>Babu, R. & Subramanian, K. A., 2019, A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India, pp. 155-164 in Zootaxa 4652 (1)</i> on pages 157-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3363637">http://zenodo.org/record/3363637</a>
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Protosticta cyanofemora Joshi & Subramanian & Babu & Sawant & Kunte 2020, sp. nov.
No full textProtosticta cyanofemora sp. nov. Joshi, Subramanian, Babu & Kunte urn:lsid:zoobank.org: act: 7C2F7C7C-D665-4CC3-A00C-38182C69E644 (Figs. 1–6, 12 a–b) Holotype. ♂ (NCBS-BK825), Pandimotta, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kollam, Kerala, India (8.8271 N, 77.216 7 E; Alt: 1,231 m), 5.iv.2014, Krushnamegh Kunte leg. Paratypes. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (NCBS-BK826, NCBS-QA009, & NCBS-QA011), location, date of collection, and collector same as holotype; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZSI-SRCI I/OD/2210–2213), Oothu to Kuthiraivetti Road, Ambasamudram Range, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India (8.5879 N, 77.341 4 E; Alt: 1,264 m), 22.viii.2019, R. Babu & K.A. Subramanian leg. Other material. 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, (ZSI-SRC I/OD/2214–2221), location, date of collection, and collector same as paratypes I/OD/2210-2213; 1 ♂ (ZSI-SRC I/OD/2222), Marapalam, near Nalumukku, Ambasamudram Range, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India (8.5437 N, 77.374 9 E; Alt: 1,254 m), 25.viii.2019, R. Babu & K.A. Subramanian leg. Etymology. The specific name cyanofemora is given for its bright blue (= cyan, from Greek ‘ kuaneos’) femur (= femor, Latin). Description of holotype (Figs. 1, 2 a–c). [Note: markings described as blue or purple, especially for the head and legs relate to the life colors, which are white post-mortem] Head (Fig. 1b). Dorsal half of middle lobe, lateral lobes of labrum and, anteclypeus pale bluish yellow, postclypeus black, base of antennae bright blue, rest of the face black; eyes bright blue. Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 1g) purple, marked extensively with black; small irregular median black marking at the posterior margin of anterior lobe; lateral lobes of middle lobe black, this marking faintly continuing to lateral margin of anterior lobe; posterior lobe black medially, laterally purple; propleuron with a broad black band, ventral border with a blue stripe; posterior margin of prothorax straight. Pterothorax (Fig. 1a,d): mesepisternum and metepisternum black, dorsum of mesepisternum and dorsal carina with faint brown sheen, metepimeron and mesepimeron creamish-white; ventrally creamish-white bordered with black. Legs: coxae and trochanter white; femur internally blue, black externally; tibia and tarsus dull white anteriorly, black posteriorly; claws black. Wings (Fig. 1a,c) hyaline, Pt dark brown, occupying about 1¼ cells; one cell between junction of RP 1 -RP 2 and origin of IR 1 in FW, two in HW; Ab absent; Ax: 2 in all wings; Px: FW: left & right = 13, HW: left = 11, right = 12. Abdomen (Fig. 1 d–f). S1 laterally white, dorsally black; S2 with antero-lateral half white, rest of the segment black; S3–8 marked yellowish-white at anterior margins, markings more extensive laterally and caudally; yellowish-white lateral marking on S8 obtusely triangular, not connected dorsally, occupying 2/3 rd length of the segment; S9–10 black. Genital ligula was not dissected for the holotypes. It has been described and illustrated for the paratype. Caudal appendages (Fig. 2 a–c) black, apices dark brown, about 3 times longer than S10; cerci with a triangular basal spine at inner margin situated about ¼ of total length, curved laterally inwards and backwards; cerci bifid at apices, curved inwards; dorsal arm thinner than ventral arm; thicker, and curved slightly at apices; ventral arm flattened, semi-circular in shape, wider than outer arm but both arms approximately same length; paraprocts thicker at base with a basal spine pointed dorsally, apices thin, sharply pointed, curved inwards, apex dorso-ventrally flattened. Measurements: abdomen + caudal appendages = 37.3, FW = 22.6–23, HW = 21.9–22.2, cerci = 1, paraprocts = 0.9. Paratype male. Similar to the holotype. However, observed differences in males including paratypes are provided in the variation section. Description of genital ligula for the paratypes NCBS-QA009 & ZSI-SRC I/OD/2220 (Fig. 4): first segment broader at base, black, tapering and thinner at junction with second segment; third segment expanded laterally at the juncture with second segment, translucent, dorsal surface with lateral ridges and a median ridge colored faint brown; apical surface curved ending in two long filaments. Variation in males (Figs. 2 d–f, 3). Variation in abdomen and hind wing length is provided in Table 1, and nodal index is given in Table 2. The colors (especially blue) of specimens preserved in ethanol are retained much better compared to pinned specimens. Medial black marking on anterior lobe of prothorax is variable, very faint in some individuals, while darker in immature males such as ZSI-SRC I/OD/2222. In NCBS-QA011 blue marking on S7 is extremely faded; one cell between junction of RP 1 -RP 2 and origin of IR 1, two in right HW. In NCBS-QA009 metepimeron and mesepimeron with anterior 1/3 rd greenish-yellow, posterior 2/3 rd bright yellow; S9 with a small white marking at the ventral anterior margin. Immature males (e.g. ZSI-SRC I/OD/2222) have brighter brown Pt. Px: FW = 12; HW = 11–12. Description of paratype female (NCBS-BK826) (Figs. 5, 6 a–b). Head (Fig. 5d). Lateral lobes of labrum, anteclypeus and two horizontally elongated markings on dorsal margin of middle lobe of labrum blue; rest of the face black; base of antennae black, second segment and base of third segment yellowish; vertex and postocular lobes black with metallic sheen; eyes bluish, brown post-mortem. Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 5e): posterior lobe black, black markings continued towards anterior lobe as two black lines; lateral lobes of median lobe brown, black medially; anterior lobe brown; prothorax laterally black; proplueron pale yellow. Pterothorax (Fig. 5 a–b): dorsal carina dark brown; mesepisternum black, metepimeron pale yellow, metepisternum black, and mesepimeron creamish-white; ventrum pale yellow. Legs: internal surface of femur and coxae pale-yellow, external surface of femur, trochanter, and tarsus pale brown; claws brown. Wings (Fig. 5a,c) hyaline, anterior veins dark brown, rest black; Pt dark brown, occupying 1¼ cells; one cell between junction of RP 1 -RP 2 and origin of IR 1 in FW, two in HW; Ab absent; Ax: 2 in all wings; Px: FW: left & right = 14, HW: left = 14, right = 13. Abdomen (Fig. 5 a–b). Black, becoming gradually dark brown from S7 apically. Marked as follows: lateroventral half of S1 yellow; S2 marked with yellow at the latero-ventral border at anterior margin, marking broader at base, fainter posteriorly, reaching about ½ of S2; anterior margin of S3–8 with yellow annules, not connected dorsally only on S2 and S7, the annules extended laterally posteriorly, becoming more pronounced on consecutive segments; S8 with a faint latero-ventral yellow marking at the anterior margin; S9 brown; S10 black. Caudal appendages (Fig. 6 a–b). Cerci black, broader at base, 0.8 times the length of S10, triangular in lateral view, pointed; paraprocts reduced, rounded black, less than half the length of cerci; dorsal half of valve of ovipositor dark brown, ventral half black, terebra brown, triangular, slightly longer than cerci; ovipositor brown, ending in a long black styles reaching beyond cerci and valve. Measurements: abdomen + caudal appendages = 30.9, FW = 21.3–21.4, HW = 20.1–20.4, cerci = 0.25. Variation in females. One cell between junction of RP 1 -RP 2 and origin of IR 1 in FW and HW of specimens I/OD/ 2212, 2214–2217. Two cells in right hindwing of I/OD/2213. Diagnosis. Male of this species is at once distinguished from all other Protosticta spp. of the Western Ghats by its bright-blue coloration (Figs. 3a, 12a) of facial markings, eyes, prothoracic markings, and femora. Three additional characters to differentiate it from similar species are: a) lateral lobes of middle lobe and central portion of posterior lobe of prothorax black dorsally, propleuron with blue and black bands (Figs. 1g, 3 c–d,f); b) shape of apical fork of cerci: not flattened, inner arm beak-like, & outer arm longer with round apices; c) marking on S8 triangular, broader at base, tapering posteriorly in lateral view, not connected dorsally; S9 black (Fig. 1 e–f). Female of this species can be diagnosed from congeneric species by: a) blue eyes (Fig. 12b), b) color of prothorax, especially the black marking present on middle lobes and posterior lobe (Fig. 5e), and c) extent and shape of bright markings on S3–9 (Fig. 5b). Habitat and Ecology. This species was first observed at Pandimotta, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India at the elevation of ~ 1,200 m. Pandimotta is covered with a mosaic of shola (stunted patches of evergreen forests in the valleys) and tropical evergreen forest patches (Fig. 18a). This species was observed resting on shrubs and undergrowth along the banks of small hill streams in tropical evergreen forest patches sympatrically with P. gravelyi, P. davenporti, and P. sanguinostigma. In 2019, specimens of P. cyanofemora were collected from two localities at similar elevation in Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu; one locality is a riparian evergreen forest and the other is a forest patch bordering tea garden. These localities are about 15–20 kilometers away from the type locality (Fig. 23a).Published as part of Joshi, Shantanu, Subramanian, K. A., Babu, R., Sawant, Dattaprasad & Kunte, Krushnamegh, 2020, Three new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Western Ghats, India, with taxonomic notes on P. mortoni Fraser, 1922 and rediscovery of P. rufostigma Kimmins, 1958, pp. 151-185 in Zootaxa 4858 (2) on pages 154-156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/441166
On a collection of brachyuran crabs from Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
No full textDevi, S. Suvarna, Mendoza, Jose C. E., Ravinesh, R., Idress Babu, K. K., Kumar, A. Biju, Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On a collection of brachyuran crabs from Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Zootaxa 4613 (3): 477-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.
Molecular structure of highly excited resonant states in Mg-24 and the corresponding Be-8+O-16 and C-12+C-12 decays
No full textExotic Be-8 and C-12 decays from high-lying resonances in Mg-24 are analyzed in terms of a cluster model. The calculated quantities agree well with the corresponding experimental data. It is found that the calculated decay widths are very sensitive to the angular momentum carried by the outgoing cluster. It is shown that this property makes cluster decay a powerful tool to determine the spin as well as the molecular structures of the resonances.Physics, NuclearSCI(E)7ARTICLE5null8
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