67 research outputs found
Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University
No full textMainul Haque,1 Nor Azlina A Rahman,2 Judy McKimm,3 Golam Mohammad Kibria,1 Md Anwarul Azim Majumder,4 Seraj Zohurul Haque,5 Md Zakirul Islam,6 Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah,1 Aqil Mohammad Daher,1 Zainal Zulkifli,7 Sayeeda Rahman,8 Russell Kabir,9 Siti Nur Najihah Binti Lutfi,1 Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti Othman11Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia; 2Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia; 3Swansea University School of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK; 4Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies; 5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; 6Department of Pharmacology, Eastern Medical College, Burichang 3520, Bangladesh; 7Department of Surgery, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital, Temerloh, Pahang, 28000, Malaysia; 8Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados; 9School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UKBackground: Self-medication of drugs to alleviate symptoms is a common global behavior, helping relieve burdens on health services, but many drugs eg, antibiotics are prescription-only. Self-medication of antibiotics (SMA) is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance increasing health care costs and higher mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess SMA among university students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and non-medical students of the National Defence University of Malaysia. A validated instrument was used to gather data. Ethics approval was obtained. Random and universal sampling was adopted, and SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 649 students participated in the study: 48.5% male and 51.5% female, 39.3% reported self-medicating with antibiotics. Penicillin, doxycycline, clarithromycin were the antibiotics most used with the majority reporting no adverse drug reactions. Cost savings and convenience were the principal reasons for SMA which were mainly obtained from local retail pharmacies. Despite medical students (particularly the more senior) having better knowledge of antibiotic use than non-medical students, 89% of all research participants responded that practicing SMA was a good/acceptable practice.Conclusion: SMA is common amongst Malaysian students and, despite understanding why SMA is unwise, even medical students self-medicate.Keywords: antibiotics, self-medication, antibiotic resistance, university students, medical students, non-medical student
Author Profiling Tracks at FIRE
No full text[EN] Benchmarking activities are vital for fostering research and addressing new challenging problems. During the last 10 years of the FIRE initiative we have been involved in the organization of more than ten tracks, with the aim of the creation of new resources in several languages that were made available to the research community. This allowed to compare the new several approaches on the same datasets. In this chapter we will focus on the description of three author profiling tracks, on their data creation as well as the results analysis.The work on the author profiling data in Arabic was made possible by NPRP Grant #9-175-1-033 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authorsRosso, P.; Rangel Pardo, FM. (2020). Author Profiling Tracks at FIRE. SN Computer Science. 1:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-0073-1S1111Al Sukhni E, Alequr Q. 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Molecular Analysis of Precursor Lesions in Familial Pancreatic Cancer
No full textPMCID: PMC3553106This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Author Correction: Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
No full textauthor correctio
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by everolimus induces senescence in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and apoptosis in peripheral T-cell lymphomas
No full textHTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-negative peripheral T-cell lymphomas carry poor prognosis mainly because of acquired resistance to chemotherapy. We have shown that this disease is responsive to the combination of zidovudine and interferon-α. However, long-term maintenance therapy with this combination is associated with side effects affecting patient quality of life and hence more tolerated alternatives are needed. In this submission, we explored the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex-1 (mTORC1) inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) on ATL and HTLV-negative malignant T-cell lines. We demonstrate that, at clinically achievable concentrations, long-term treatment with everolimus resulted in a dramatic inhibitory effect on the growth of HTLV-I-positive and -negative malignant T-cells, while normal resting or activated T-lymphocytes were resistant. Everolimus specifically induced oncoprotein Tax degradation and senescence in ATL cells and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTLV-I-negative malignant T-cells. Everolimus-mediated apoptosis was also associated with an upregulation of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA-α) proteins, an increase in Bax proteins and downregulation of Bcl-x L proteins in all tested HTLV-I-positive and -negative malignant cell lines. These results support a therapeutic role for everolimus, particularly as long-term maintenance therapy in patients with ATL and other HTLV-I-negative peripheral T-cell lymphomas. 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Author Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
No full textCell adhesion molecules are ubiquitous in multicellular organisms, specifying precise cell-cell interactions in processes as diverse as tissue development, immune cell trafficking and the wiring of the nervous system(1-4). Here we show that a wide array of synthetic cell adhesion molecules can be generated by combining orthogonal extracellular interactions with intracellular domains from native adhesion molecules, such as cadherins and integrins. The resulting molecules yield customized cell-cell interactions with adhesion properties that are similar to native interactions. The identity of the intracellular domain of the synthetic cell adhesion molecules specifies interface morphology and mechanics, whereas diverse homotypic or heterotypic extracellular interaction domains independently specify the connectivity between cells. This toolkit of orthogonal adhesion molecules enables the rationally programmed assembly of multicellular architectures, as well as systematic remodelling of native tissues. The modularity of synthetic cell adhesion molecules provides fundamental insights into how distinct classes of cell-cell interfaces may have evolved. Overall, these tools offer powerful abilities for cell and tissue engineering and for systematically studying multicellular organization. Synthetic cell adhesion molecules yield customized cell-cell interactions with adhesion properties that are similar to native interactions, and offer abilities for cell and tissue engineering and for systematically studying multicellular organization
Probing color coherence effects in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textOpen Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the
source are credited. Funded by SCOAP3 / License Version CC BY 4.0.A study of color coherence effects in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7TeV is presented. The data used in the analysis were collected in 2010 with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1. Events are selected that contain at least three jets and where the two jets with the largest transverse momentum exhibit a back-to-back topology. The measured angular correlation between the second- and third-leading jet is shown to be sensitive to color coherence effects, and is compared to the predictions of Monte Carlo models with various implementations of color coherence. None of the models describe the data satisfactorily.BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO(Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil);MES
(Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF(Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland);
CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Republic of
Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, andUASLPFAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR(Russia);MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN(Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)
Ethnomedicine-based discovery and characterization of plant-derived GABAΑ receptor modulators with new scaffolds
No full textInhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) largely relies on the actions of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABAA receptors, heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channels assembled from 19 possible subunits (α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, θ, π, ρ1-3). GABA-induced chloride influx through GABAA receptors causes neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of further action potentials. Therefore, impaired GABAergic function results in CNS conditions such as epilepsy, insomnia, anxiety, and mood disorders. A number of clinically important drugs like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, neuroactive steroids, anesthetics, and certain other CNS depressants bind GABAA receptors. However, these drugs lack of subunit specificity and, therefore, induce serious side effects.
In the search for GABAA receptor modulators with new scaffolds, a plant extract library was screened at Prof. Hamburger’s group by means of an automated two-microelectrode voltage clamp functional assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Among others, the lipophilic extracts of Bupleurum chinense roots, Pholidota chinensis stems and roots, Adenocarpus cincinnatus roots and tubers, and Boswellia thurifera resin positively modulated GABAA receptors of the subtype α1β2γ2s, the most abundant one in the human brain.
In this work, GABAergic activity in the four extracts was tracked using of an HPLC-based activity profiling approach. In total, 22 natural products, eight of them new, were isolated by diverse chromatographic methods and characterized by HR-TOF-MS and microprobe NMR. Absolute configuration of chiral compounds was determined by CD-spectroscopy and polarimetry. Fourteen of the 22 isolates showed GABAA receptor modulatory activity in the oocyte functional assay. Dihydrostilbenes, cis-pterocarpans, and abietane diterpenes were identified as new scaffolds for GABAA receptor modulators with favorable physicochemical properties for blood-brain barrier permeation.
HPLC-based activity profiling of P. chinensis enabled the identification of the dihydrostilbene batatasin III as a very efficient, non-selective GABAA receptor modulator. Two structurally related non-flexible stilbenoids, coelonin and pholidotol D, were also isolated from the extract but showed no activity in the oocyte assay, suggesting conformational flexibility to be crucial for receptor modulation. This was confirmed by a preliminary structure-activity relationship study conducted with a series of commercially available stilbenes and their dihydro derivatives.
Fifteen flavonoid and isoflavonoid derivatives, including eight new natural products, were isolated from A. cincinnatus and tested in the oocyte assay. At a concentration of 100 μM, 12 of the 15 compounds significantly enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current through GABAA receptors. Two pterocarpans and one isoflavone showed remarkably higher potency than other natural products previously isolated in this working group (EC50 below 10 μM).
B. thurifera and B. chinense yielded two more GABAA receptor modulators, dehydroabietic acid and aristolactone, respectively. However, isolation of aristolactone from a commercial sample of the traditional Chinese herbal drug Chaihu (Bupleurum chinense roots) led to detection of adulteration of the sample with roots of the nephrotoxic species Aristolochia manshuriensis. This case raised concerns about adequate quality control of TCM drugs commercialized in Europe
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