13 research outputs found
Price endogenous analysis of agricultural policies in East Java, Indonesia
No full textThe agriculture sector of East Java, which is a major food production center in Indonesia, played a major role in the economic development of Indonesia in the past twenty five years. Several forms of agricultural policies have been designed and implemented to continue this contributing role. This study aims to evaluate these policies and to assess the impacts of certain policies changes in a price endogenous modelling framework.A price endogenous mathematical programming sector model is developed for the East Java region, including different farm sizes, land types and multiple crop production alternatives. The sector model is used to specifically analyze the effects of financial, price and subsidy policies related to East Java agriculture, and to identify economic consequences of policy reforms. The results show that important gains may be obtained with the proposed policy alternatives, but the distribution of gains among consumers and producers may be an important issue for policy makers to consider.A multilevel programming model is then developed, including the sector model as the subproblem, to analyze credit distribution among farm groups--which is an important agricultural policy issue. The results of the multilevel programming analysis indicates a substantially different credit distribution than the present allocation, where small farms receive a larger share than their present share, and a significant improvement on the agricultural sector's overall performance.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Komunikasi Lingkungan dalam Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia.
No full textPengelolaan sumber daya alam pada umumnya melibatkan pihak yang memiliki konflik pengaruh dan kepentingan, begitu halnya dengan pengembangan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Pengembangan yang masif menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara produsen sawit terbesar di dunia. Bagi Indonesia, kelapa sawit memberikan dampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan perolehan devisa bagi negara. Devisa ekspor yang dihasilkan oleh komoditas ini pada tahun 2016 mencapai 24 juta ton dengan nilai 16 miliar dolar Amerika. Luas perkebunan mencapai 14,3 juta ha pada tahun 2018 (angka estimasi) dengan total produksi mencapai 42,7 juta ton. Perkebunan rakyat berkontribusi terhadap 36,5% produksi minyak sawit nasional dengan luas areal perkebunan mencapai 5,8 juta ha atau setara dengan 42,3% dari total areal perkebunan sawit nasional. Namun demikian pertumbuhan industri minyak kelapa sawit dalam perkembangannya menimbulkan kontroversi di kalangan masyarakat internasional khususnya di kawasan Eropa dan Amerika yang berujung pada hambatan perdagangan dan menurunnya daya saing minyak sawit Indonesia. Berkembangnya diskursus negatif secara luas kemudian memunculkan adanya pembelaan-pembelaan yang berujung pada terjadinya perang diskursus yang menilai bahwa kontroversi minyak sawit sebenarnya adalah persoalan perang dagang.
Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk :
1. Mengidentifikasi dan memetakan diskursus yang berkembang dan menjadi kontroversi dalam tata kelola kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
2. Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis interpretasi/persepsi dari para pemangku kepentingan terhadap diskursus dalam tata kelola kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
3. Menganalisis pengaruh dan dampak diskursus tentang tata kelola kelapa sawit di Indonesia terhadap praktik pertanian keberlanjutan yang diadopsi petani.
4. Menganalisis derajat pengaruh dan kepentingan dari pemangku kepentingan serta merumuskan strategi komunikasi yang tepat dan solutif dalam perbaikan tata kelola kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
Metode kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivis digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Alur analisis terbagi menjadi dua tahapan utama yaitu analisis diskursus tiga tingkat Fairclough yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis pemangku kepentingan. Analisis teks media online selama periode 2015-2018 menunjukkan bahwa pemberitaan sawit di media online masih didominasi oleh publikasi yang berkaitan dengan isu lingkungan yang mengindikasikan semakin kuatnya tekanan LSM terhadap aspek transparansi, penegakan hukum dan keterlibatan multipihak yang ditujukan kepada kepada pemerintah dan korporasi. LSM mampu membentuk opini publik bahwa kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi merupakan kejahatan korporasi dan dampak dari kegagalan
pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah lingkungan. Tuntutan dan tekanan dimaksud berdampak pada terjadinya beberapa perubahan kebijakan yang menempatkan aspek lingkungan sebagai isu sentral. Analisis interpretasi diskursus dari pemangku kepentingan yang menginterpretasikan kontestasi antara sawit dengan hutan sebagai diskursus utama dalam tata kelola sawit di Indonesia. Kelompok developmentalis menggunakan legitimasi pragmatis dan kognitif untuk mengkritisi hegemoni standar keberlanjutan global yang didukung oleh legitimasi moral. Analisis sosial menunjukkan bahwa standar keberlanjutan global berdampak pada terciptanya petani pragmatis petani cenderung menyatakan tidak ada keterkaitan langsung antara diskursus negatif global mengenai isu degradasi lingkungan dengan praktik budidaya yang mereka terapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sertifikasi keberlanjutan dapat merubah perilaku petani secara komunal, namun belum sampai pada perubahan nilai-nilai dan motivasi personal terhadap pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Analisis pemangku kepentingan membagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam tata kelola sawit di Indonesia dalam empat kuadran dalam sebaran yang tidak berimbang. Terdapat 31 pemangku kepentingan yang berada pada kuadran Crowd yang menunjukkan adanya indikasi bahwa keriuhan kontroversi yang terjadi bersumber dari pihak-pihak yang sebetulnya tidak terlalu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perbaikan tata kelola. Di lain pihak, pemangku kepentingan yang memiliki posisi strategis tidak diajak untuk berpartisipasi lebih aktif dalam mencapai sebuah konsensus. Strategi komunikasi yang direkomendasikan oleh penelitian ini antara lain:
1. Melakukan komunikasi yang lebih terbuka dan partisipatif, khususnya kepada pemangku kepentingan Key Players (Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Greenpeace) dan Context Setter (SPKS, Sawit Watch, Kemenko Perekonomian, TUK dan CIFOR) dengan disertai upaya nyata dalam meningkatkan aspek keberlanjutan.
2. Mengkomunikasikan perencanaan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang jelas dalam perbaikan tata kelola kelapa sawit dan mendorong kerjasama yang lebih konstruktif dengan negara mitra.
3. Review bersama antara Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian Lingkungan hidup dan Kehutanan serta Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/BPN untuk mengurai kekusutan dan tumpang tindih regulasi secara menyeluruh, terutama masalah legalitas lahan, mengingat masalah ini merupakan isu krusial yang menjadi akar dari permasalahan-permasalahan tata kelola lainnya seperti konflik lahan, ketidakpastian investasi, deforestasi serta lambatnya implementasi program peremajaan dan sertifikasi ISPO.
4. Memperluas cakupan kerjasama penelitian antar pemangku kepentingan pemerintah dan non pemerintah untuk menghasilkan penelitian yang tidak memihak dari kredibel. Output penelitian yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai basis studi akademik obyektif dalam upaya diplomasi dan menjadi acuan intervensi kebijakan
The Effects of the Indonesian Crisis on Agricultural Households and Rural Area: Redesigning Agricultural Development as the Driving Force of Economic Growth
Full text linkPertanian Indonesia dalam Perundingan Aturan Perdagangan Internasional
Full text linkIt is a paradox that Indonesian agriculture would prefer a market oriented condition to enhance its economic performance but at the same time it requires at significant degree of Government intervention to maintain its economic and non-economic goals to face with economic globalization. The existence of market imperfection as an argument of government intervention on agricultuer of developing countries and it is being worsened by biased trade policies applied by developed countries. By realizing its unfaded importance, Indonesia should see the paradox and consider i then makeing position for negotiations on market liberaliazation of agriculture
KAJI TINDAK AKSELERASI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI SPESIFIK LOKASI MENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI
Full text linkThis paper aims to comprehensively address the important role of accelerating the application of location-specific technological innovations as one indicator of realizing agricultural and rural development. The implementation of agricultural development has had a real impact on socio-economic changes in rural communities. Food security and farmer and rural welfare still remain a strategic problem. Programs and policies that introduce various technologies to increase rice production and productivity have been carried out by the government. Some of them are about the Green Revolution, the Bimas Inmas program, the rice SL-PTT program, the rice intensification program (IP-400, SRI, P4 MI and others. This paper is part of various research results, one of which is PATANAS: Indicators of Agricultural and Rural Development, which is supported and enriched with various data and information related to the purpose of writing. The use of organic fertilizers is highly recommended because it is very useful for improving soil structure as a source of micro nutrients and as a medium for soil microbes development. During the past decade the use of seeds labeled by farmers has increased, including the existence of aid programs and subsidized seed prices. Labeling whether or not rice seeds are used by farmers is positively correlated with procurement source. Empirical facts show that the increasing conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture threatens the existence of the agricultural sector in terms of national food security. Innovations implementation considering the specific location should be carried out as early as possibl
Hilirisasi Kelapa Sawit: Kinerja, Kendala, dan Prospek
Full text linkPalm oil is one of the main commodities in Indonesia’s economy as it plays an important role in export market of the non-oil and gas sector. Palm oil industry at farm level deals with lack of replanting, low yield, low quality, and undeveloped downstream industry. Indonesia is relatively potential to develop the palm oil downstream industry given the existing market. Global palm oil demand keeps increasing despite negative campaigns against crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivative products. Land availability, labor supply and cultivation technology are supportive. This paper discusses and evaluates national palm oil performance, especially opportunities and challenges in creating value added to this industry. There are four main challenges, i.e. limited infrastructure and financing, lack of access to local authorities, land use conflict, and environment pressure. The government needs to implement policy priority on palm oil downstream industry which is more competitive, integrated, and sustainable. AbstrakKomoditas kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan perekonomian nasional dan sebagai penghasil devisa negara terbesar di sektor nonmigas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi industri kelapa sawit pada tingkat usaha tani adalah terbatasnya investasi untuk peremajaan, rendahnya produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, dan belum berkembungnya industri hilir secara maksimal sehingga produk-produk turunan kelapa sawit masih terbatas. Sementara itu, Indonesia masih memiliki potensi yang besar untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah melalui industri pengolahan turunan kelapa sawit jika dilihat dari sisi permintaan pasar maupun penawarannya. Dari sisi permintaan, permintaan kelapa sawit global terus meningkat walalupun dalam kondisi adanya kampanye negatif (black campaign) terhadap produk minyak sawit atau CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dan produk-produk turunannya. Dari sisi penawaran, ketersediaan lahan, tenaga kerja dan teknologi budi daya sangat menudukung. Tulisan ini membahas dan mengevaluasi kinerja industri sawit nasional, khususnya bagaimana peluang dan kendala penciptaan nilai tambah industri sawit. Tulisan ini menekankan empat kendala utama dalam pemanfaatan peluang tersebut, yaitu keterbatasan infrastruktur dan sumber pendanaan, akses otonomi daerah, konflik lahan, dan tekanan isu lingkungan. Dalam hal ini, pemerintah dituntut untuk dapat menerapkan berbagai kebijakan yang memprioritaskan pada hilirisasi kelapa sawit dengan pendekatan klaster/kawasan guna membangun struktur industri kelapa sawit yang berdaya saing, terpadu dan berkelanjutan.
Multi Stakeholder Engagement in Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil Governance
Full text linkNatural resource management generally involves parties with conflicting interests and roles. The emergence of a negative issue on palm oil development in Indonesia heralded by NGOs and vegetable oil competitor countries, for some groups, is considered merely a trade war. The rapid development of Indonesia's oil palm has made this commodity a source of global vegetable oil as well as risen a controversy over its sustainability aspects covering environmental, socio-economic and health issues. The significant increase of palm oil research led to the need to enrich the study's discussion on the sustainability aspect and involved the participation of the related stakeholders. This study is an early stage of a research based on the environmental communication theory to identify the problems and analyze the stakeholders involved in palm oil governance in Indonesia by using stakeholder analysis tools. The methods of data collection in this study included literature review, text analysis, in-depth interviews as well as direct observations. The study finding shows that the Ministry of Agriculture as the main actor in palm oil governance in Indonesia is required to share its authority. This indicates that palm oil sustainability issue is not the responsibility of a particular ministry but has become a national issue that requires the participation and collaboration of all relevant stakeholders.</p
Strategi Komunikasi dalam Tata Kelola Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia
Full text linkNatural resource management generally involves parties who have conflicts of power and interests. For Indonesia, palm oil development has a positive impact on people's welfare and economic gain. However, the palm oil industry's growth in its development caused controversy, especially among the international community. In this study, a stakeholder analysis was carried out to determine the degree of influence and interest of the relevant engagements and formulate an appropriate and solutive communication strategy in improving palm oil governance in Indonesia. The stakeholder analysis study was carried out based on the results of three levels of Fairclough discourse analysis based on online media publications, interviews, and observations during 2015-2018. The findings of this study indicate that there are 31 of the 40 stakeholders identified in the Crowd quadrant that showed an uproar about the controversy over oil palm development in Indonesia came from parties who did not need to be significant for governance improvement. On the other hand, stakeholders who have strategic positions are not invited to determine more actively to reach consensus. This study implies that sustainable oil palm development can be achieved if accompanied by promoting constructive communication among stakeholders to reach mutual understanding. AbstrakPengelolaan sumber daya alam umumnya melibatkan pihak-pihak yang memiliki konflik pengaruh dan kepentingan. Bagi Indonesia, pengembangan kelapa sawit memiliki dampak positif pada kesejahteraan rakyat dan pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Namun demikian, industri kelapa sawit dalam perkembangannya menimbulkan kontroversi, terutama di kalangan masyarakat internasional. Dalam kajian ini, analisis pemangku kepentingan dilakukan untuk mengetahui derajat pengaruh dan kepentingan dari pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat serta merumuskan strategi komunikasi yang tepat dan solutif dalam perbaikan tata kelola kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Kajian analisis pemangku kepentingan dilakukan berdasarkan hasil tiga tingkat analisis diskursus Fairclough berdasarkan publikasi media online, wawancara, dan obervasi selama periode 2015-2018. Temuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 31 dari 40 pemangku kepentingan yang teridentifikasi berada pada kuadran Crowd yang menunjukkan adanya indikasi bahwa keriuhan mengenai kontroversi pengembangan kelapa sawit di Indonesia bersumber dari pihak-pihak yang sebetulnya tidak terlalu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perbaikan tata kelola. Di lain pihak, pemangku kepentingan yang memiliki posisi strategis tidak diajak untuk berpartisipasi lebih aktif untuk mencapai sebuah konsensus. Studi ini memberikan implikasi bahwa pembangunan kelapa sawit berkelanjutan dapat dicapai apabila disertai dengan mengedepankan komunikasi konstruktif antarpara pemangku kepentingan untuk mencapai pemahahaman bersama
Pengelolaan Hutan Kopi dan Aren dalam Inovasi Produk Kopi Aren Rasa Wine Non Alkohol di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Deli Serdang
Full text linkThis study aims to create an innovation in coffee-based culinary products by combining two plant materials, namely coffee and sap, to produce non-alcoholic grape-flavored sap coffee that has never been produced before. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with relevant stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that the coffee and sugar palm forests in the area are very productive and have great potential to support improving the welfare of farmers. In addition, the marketing model for this innovative sap coffee product is carried out offline and online, expanding the market reach. In conclusion, the innovation of non-alcoholic grape-flavored sap coffee can have a positive impact on improving the economy of coffee and sugar palm farmers in Sukamakmur Village, as well as opening up new job opportunities through productive management of natural resources.
Keywords: Coffee Forest, Coffee Cultivation, Palm Coffee, Micro Busines
Barriers of regional economic cooperation development: Theoretical perspectives
No full textThe increasing number of regional cooperation developments has attracted many researchers and scholars to explore further. This paper has utilized theoretical perspectives in analyzing the development of regional cooperation of Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). This article explores the development of SADC and RCEP from the lens of regionalism, neoliberal institutionalism and linkage politics theories. This study is based on a combination of thorough literature review and semi-structured interviews. By drawing regionalism theory and utilizing neoliberal institutionalism, the results show that both SADC and RCEP have made adjustments despite the differences and have pursued common goals based on common interests as the basis of these formations under the common agendas that have been agreed on. From the lens of linkage politics theory shows that the paths to realize the common goals were challenging for both formations due to the different interests of many involving countries influenced by domestic level politics
