18 research outputs found
Effect of glycaemic status in neonatal sepsis-A prospective observational study
No full textIntroduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common and readily treatable risk factor for neurologic impairment in children. Although associations between prolonged symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia and brain injury are well established, the effect of milder hypoglycemia on neurologic development is uncertain. Objective: To determine the glycemic status among patients with neonatal sepsis and to evaluate their association with the mortality. Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. Total 52 patients clinically diagnosed as neonatal sepsis were studied, a detailed history and thorough physical examination was done in each patient on admission. History included age of newborn, sex, gestational age, h/o prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM), intrapartum fever or fever 3 days before delivery, per vaginal foul smelling discharge, prolonged labor and features of sepsis. Physical examination included respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, chest indrawing, grunting, cyanosis, convulsion, breath sound, added sound, weight, jaundice, bleeding manifestation, status of fontanelles, umbilicus and capillary refill time. Blood glucose level and mortality of neonates having hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were analyzed. Results: Out of 52 patients clinically diagnosed as neonatal sepsis were studied. The mean age was found 10.2±8.4 days with range from 1 to 28 days and more than half (51.6%) patients belonged to age ≤7 days. More than two third (68.7%) patients were male and 31.3% were female. 42(80.77%) patients were found CRP positive and 10(19.23%) were negative CRP. 34.62% patients were blood culture positive and 65.38% patients were culture negative. Majority (71.43%) of CRP positive patients were found normoglycemic, 11.90% were found hypoglycemic and only 16.67% were found hyperglycemic. Among 18 culture positive patients 11(61.11%) were normoglycaemic, 3(16.67%) were hypoglycemic and 4(22.22%) were hyperglycemic. 57.1% of hyperglycemic and 40% of hypoglycemic patients were died whereas only 13.3% of normoglycemic patients were died. Out of 10 expired patients, 2 patients Hypoglycemia, 4 patients Normoglycemia and 4 patients Hyperglycemia. Mortality was high in Hypoglycemia patient (40.0%) in comparison with normoglycaemic patient (13.33%) and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. Mortality was also high in hyperglycaemic patient (57.14%) in comparison with normoglycaemic patient (13.33%) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Conclusion: Alteration of glycemic status occurred in septic newborn. Our study showed mortality is higher among the septic newborn with hyperglycemia. The incidence of hypoglycemia was high as compared to hyperglycemia. Neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia was a significant factor in the overall mortality in neonatal sepsis
Teknologi Hijau Di Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah
No full textMELAKA, 28 MAC 2012 – Negeri Melaka merupakan satu-satunya negeri yang mengamalkan konsep berasaskan
Teknologi Hijau. Baru-baru ini negeri Melaka telah mengadakan satu seminar di bawah anjuran Jabatan Ketua Menteri
Melaka melalui Bahagian Penyelidikan Pembangunan (R&D) dengan kerjasama Politeknik Merlimau, Melaka dan
Institut Pengurusan dan Integriti Negeri Melaka yang bertemakan Teknologi Hijau Diimplementasi Genarasi Lestari.
Seminar berlangsung di Hang Tuah World Heritage Hotel selama satu (1) hari. Menyedari kepentingan dan kepakaran
berkaitan Teknologi Hijau “Selari dengan seruan Perdana Menteri, negeri Melaka merupakan Bandar Berteknologi
Hijau” kata Ketua Menteri Melaka. CETREE dijemput menyertai seminar dengan mengadakan ceramah yang bertajuk
Keselamatan Tenaga dan Air dan terlibat secara langsung untuk mengadakan pameran bergerak dengan
menyampaikan maklumat dari segi eksperimen hand-on ke Melaka, Bandaraya Bersejarah. Seminar ini bertujuan untuk
meneroka inovasi, potensi dan impak kepada negara bagi mengurangkan kadar peningkatan penggunaan tenaga dalam
merealisasikan daya saing pembangunan Teknologi Hijau dan Kecekapan Tenaga di Malaysia pada masa kini. Seminar
ini diserikan lagi dengan kehadiran YAB Datuk Seri Hj. Mohd Ali Bin Mohd Rustam, Ketua Menteri Melaka bagi
merasmikan seminar yang berlangsung selama sehari.
Antara aktiviti-aktiviti dan agensi-agensi yang terlibat semasa seminar ini berlangsung adalah Pembentangan Kertas
Kerja (Rumah Solar, Penerimaan dan Penguasaan Pelajar Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Aplikasi Tenaga Diperbaharui
pada Kereta Golf Berkuasa Solar, Penumpu Kuasa Solar Dan Prospeknya di Malaysia, Mengoptimumkan Penyerapan
Tenaga Menggunakan Penjejak Solar) - Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif (R&D), Penyelenggaraan Penjimatan Tenaga/Solar
Photovoltaic Standard in Malaysia - SIRIM Berhad, Retrofitting toword Green Buildings - Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Dasar Teknologi Hijau - Kementerian Tenaga, Air dan Teknologi Hijau(KeTTHA) dan Unit Pameran Bergerak
Bas Teknologi Hijau - CETREE, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
CETREE diketuai oleh Pengarah, Profesor Dr. Haslan Abu Hassan dan dibantu oleh sekretariat En. Mohd Nizam Md.
Saad, En. Muhammad Akmal Hazan, En. Izzat Noordin, En. Muhamad Zamree Zulkipli dan En. Muhamad Syabil Saad
sebagai fasilitator yang membantu memberi penerangan mengenai kiosk-kiosk yang terdapat dalam bas Teknologi
Hijau, CETREE
Role of the masjid in disaster management: Preliminary investigation of evidences from Asia
No full textThe Masjid (Mosque in English) has historically played a vital role in the spiritual, moral and social upliftment of the Muslim community. Nevertheless, the role of the masjid has remained largely undocumented, and unrecognised in the development and disaster studies. Although the role of the masjid in disaster situations in many Muslim countries is evident, very little study has been undertaken to document its role as a development agent. Hence, investigating the potential of the masjid in disaster situation is an effort to describe and explore the functions and roles of a mosque in responding to a disaster. It has been remarked that the masjid has the potential to play a role in disaster management in early warning systems, as an information centre, an evacuation site and even with contingency planning. The role of the masjid during emergency response has received appreciation from the victims and the community. However, the potential has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to explore and document the role the masjid has played in disaster management in various Asian countries and based on it develop a model of the potential role, the mosque can play in building the community resilience for disaster management in the Muslim countries
The attainment of soft skills among students: impact of abroad study visit program
No full textThis study aims to determine the impact of an abroad study visit program on the attainment of soft skills among the students. A questionnaire was used to collect the data using a five-scale range of answers. Thirty-five students were selected among the participants of the program. The data is analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely mean, standard deviation, and correlation. The primary finding obtained is that the program has provided a huge opportunity for the students to develop their professional ethics and moral indicated through the highest mean obtained by the items related to the construct. In terms of correlations, the positive and the strongest correlation is between the construct of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills and the construct of Lifelong Learning and Information Management. The implications of the findings are also discussed
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textInternational audienc
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
No full textImportance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH. Design, setting, and participants: Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. Exposures: SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors. Main outcomes and measures: Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution. Conclusions and relevance: Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textGlobal, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground
Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels.
Methods
We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level.
Findings
In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]).
Interpretation
The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
Funding
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990\u20132021 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textAbstract: Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. Findings Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378\u2013521), affecting 3\ub740 billion (3\ub720\u20133\ub762) individuals (43\ub71%, 40\ub75\u201345\ub79 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18\ub72% (8\ub77\u201326\ub77) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100\u2009000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33\ub76% (27\ub76\u201338\ub78), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27\ub70% (21\ub75\u201332\ub74). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1\ub75% (0\ub77\u20132\ub74). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. Interpretation As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed
