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Expanding the Horizons of Indonesian Literary Criticism: A Review of Ruang-Ruang Kemungkinan dalam Kritik Sastra Akademik by Saeful Anwar
No full textThis book serves as a significant contribution to the discourse on literary criticism in Indonesia by effectively addressing the gaps left by existing critical works. One of its strengths lies in its balanced analysis, which considers both structure and content while engaging in a thorough dialectical exploration of internal and external elements. Anwar’s writing style stands out for its flexibility, benefiting from his unique perspective as both an academic and a literary author. This dual identity allows him to maintain intellectual rigor without succumbing to the constraints of overly formal academic language
AYAT-AYAT CINTA : HEGEMONI, SUBJEKTIVIKASI, DAN BUDAYA MASSA
Full text linkThis article discusses the ideological aspects of the Ayat-Ayat Cinta novel. It is shown that the willingness for hegemony always goes hand in hand with the willingness for obtaining broader readership. Many interests are put in it with an assumption of the dominated subjects growing in number, but at the same time, the offered values have never been fully accepted as the dominating group expects. (Islamic group surrounding Habiburrahman El Shirazy). The text of AAC is full of tension between the two conflicting interests. On one hand, Islam is presented as universal, but on the other hand particular. Islam is also considred complete, but sometime needs the world to perfect itself. This condition is presented in the AAC for a particular reason. Islam-ness in the AAC is Islam that should be accepted by the mass. Islam-ness becomes an economic commodity. Therefore, AAC has to present a dynamic hegemony in which there is negotiation and resistance.Keywords: Islamic novel, ideology, Ayat-Ayat Cint
Melawan Takdir
No full textBuku ini menguraikan subjektivitas Pramoedya Ananta Toer dalam tindakannya menulis novel Perburuan. Tindakan itu bertujuan untuk membangun jarak dan melepaskan diri dari jerat yang Simbolik. Pembahasan terhadap Pramoedya dalam prespektif ini perlu dilakukan sebab beberapa penelitian terhadap Pram sebelumnya selalu melihat diri dan karyanya sebagai representasi dimensi simbolik tanpa memperhatikan fakta-fakta bahwa Pram juga menunjukkan penolakan frontal terhadap yang Simbolik itu. Buku ini menguraikan subjektivitas Pramoedya Ananta Toer dalam tindakannya menulis novel Perburuan. Tindakan itu bertujuan untuk membangun jarak dan melepaskan diri dari jerat yang Simbolik. Pembahasan terhadap Pramoedya dalam prespektif ini perlu dilakukan sebab beberapa penelitian terhadap Pram sebelumnya selalu melihat diri dan karyanya sebagai representasi dimensi simbolik tanpa memperhatikan fakta-fakta bahwa Pram juga menunjukkan penolakan frontal terhadap yang Simbolik itu
Visi Kolonial dan Mimpi Kosmopolitan: Representasi Indonesia dan Thailand dalam Catatan Perjalanan Barat Kontemporer
No full textThis article investigates the representation of Indonesia and Thailand in contemporary Western travel writing, focusing primarily on how this cultural production presents the two countries temporally and spatially. Furthermore, it elaborates the rhetorics of colonial legacy and cosmopolitan vision within the representation process. To solve its research problems, this study applies several concepts, including the concept of travel writing, the concept of subjectivity, the concept of colonial legacy, and the concept of cosmopolitan vision. This research is carried out methodologically through a hermeneutic reading of the studied works by also considering the external factors that influence them. For this research, a sample of three works of western travel writing published in the past few decades and written by western travel writers from variety of backgrounds, were selected. They are Paul Theroux\u27s The Great Railway Bazaar (1976); Pico Iyer\u27s Video of Night at Kathmandu (1988); and Robert Kaplan\u27s Monsoon, The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power (2010). This study finds that Indonesia and Thailand have been represented diversely in contemporary western travel writing, creating discourses that are influenced by colonial legacy or cosmopolitan vision
The Self, The Other, and The World: Narratological Construction of Subjectivity in Indonesian Travel Literature on Europe after Reformasi
No full textTravel literature is a rapidly growing literary genre, one that has gained a crucial position in Indonesian literature. Several internal circumstances have marked this growth: publications have increased sharply, fruitful forms and subgenres have emerged, and remediation of these genres has been widespread. Externally, globalization—which has made traveling a lifestyle for Indonesians—has also driven this phenomenon. In this context, contemporary Indonesian travel literature is also an adequate site for exploring the subjectivity of Indonesian travel writers. In this research, subjectivity is described based mainly on travel writers' motivation for their journey and their narrative choices when conveying their stories. This dissertation also deals with how cultural production reveals the narrative construction of the image of the Indonesian traveler as a Self who encounters the Other in Europe (as the World) and the interdependency between them, which responds to and is shaped by historical factors—especially the relations between Indonesia and Europe, which are marked by colonization, decolonization, and globalization.
Using the concepts of narratology and subjectivity, as well as the postcolonial approach, this research seeks to achieve three objectives: the development of Indonesian travel literature since the early twentieth century; the narrative structure of contemporary Indonesian travel literature; and travel writers' construction of subjectivity through their representations of the Self, the Other, and the world as the consequence of colonial and globalization discourses. For these purposes, ten works of travel literature, mostly those published in the past decade, were selected as a sample. The authors come from a variety of backgrounds and are driven by diverse motivations; this is intended to provide a wide sample, allowing a great range of perspectives on and characteristics of the subject to be represented.
This research explores the interrelation between the diverse narratives and motivations that have emerged since the earliest works of travel writing were produced in the Indonesian archipelago. It shows that the genre has had periods of growth and glory, which are also related to the ideological shifts and cultural developments in Indonesia. Moreover, this research identifies three different narratological types in contemporary Indonesian travel literature: the travelogue type, the diary/biographical type, and the novelesque type. Each of these types, which are distinguished by their narrative elements (order, speed, frequency, mood, and voice), falls on a spectrum from the well-ordered to the complex. These different typologies affect the subjectivity portrayed through travel literature, and certain types are usually chosen to convey certain subjectivities.
This research also identifies four subjectivities in Indonesian travel literature, which it deems santri lelana, caraka, peziarah, and pelanglang buana. The first searches for knowledge; the second recounts travel as part of a diplomatic and political mission; the third looks for physical and spiritual challenges as a pious pilgrim who carries a good and/or Godly mission to others and spreads positivity; and the last is a wanderer who is always mobile in a boundless world, one who often undertakes unscripted journeys and sometimes misadventures.
These subjectivities are built on the tension between the desire to fix or consolidate an existing identity and the desire to change it, with the former being more pronounced. Regardless of the motivation that forms the subjectivity, the prior referential knowledge that exists in the travel writer's mind is always more dominant than any knowledge they may obtain during their journey, and it is often corroborated by their limited number of encounters. However, within the context of the postcolonial debate, the World—particularly Europe—in Indonesian contemporary travel literature provides a different background, one that is not binary (i.e., West–East or Europe–Asia) but rather hybrid and diverse
Isinga: Objectification and Abjection in Women
Full text linkIsinga (2015) karya Dorothea Rosa Herliany bercerita tentang keterpurukan perempuan sehingga seringkali menjadi objek atas sistem patriarkal yang dianut oleh budaya setempat sekaligus berpotensi menimbulkan abjeksi terhadap tokoh perempuan. Penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis Isinga (2015) dengan perspektif Kristeva untuk abjeksi dan Calogero untuk objektifikasi pada perempuan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan feminis untuk melihat ketidaksetaraan gender yang di dalam novel tersebut. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah Irewa mengalami objektifikasi yang kemudian berlanjut menjadi abjeksi. Objektifikasi Irewa terjadi karena dia dijadikan objek seksual oleh suaminya, Malom. Jingi hanya mendapatkan abjeksi sejak dilahirkan karena dia terlahir kembar bersama Irewa yang mana salah satunya harus dibuang agar desa terhindar marabahaya.Isinga (2015) by Dorothea Rosa Herliany tells about the downturn of women so that they often become objects of the patriarchal system adopted by the local culture as well as the potential to cause abjection of female figures. This study attempts to analyze Isinga (2015) with Kristeva's perspective on abjection and Calogero's objectification of women. By using qualitative methods, this study used a feminist approach to see gender inequality in the novel. The results obtained from this study are that Irewa experienced objectification, which then continued to become an abjection. Irewa's objectification occurred because her husband, Malom, made her a sexual object. Jingi only received abjection since she was born because she was born with twins with Irewa, one of whom had to be thrown away so that the village would not be in danger.Isinga (2015) by Dorothea Rosa Herliany tells about the downturn of women so that they often become objects of the patriarchal system adopted by the local culture as well as the potential to cause abjection of female figures. This study attempts to analyze Isinga (2015) with Kristeva's perspective on abjection and Calogero's objectification of women. By using qualitative methods, this study used a feminist approach to see gender inequality in the novel. The results obtained from this study are that Irewa experienced objectification, which then continued to become an abjection. Irewa's objectification occurred because her husband, Malom, made her a sexual object. Jingi only received abjection since she was born because she was born with twins with Irewa, one of whom had to be thrown away so that the village would not be in danger
SUBJEKTIVITAS PRAMUDYA ANANTA TOER DALAM NOVEL PERBURUAN KAJIAN PSIKOANALIS HISTORIS SLAVOJ ZIZEK
No full textPenelitian ini menguraikan subjektivitas Pramoedya Ananta Toer dalam tindakannya menulis novel Perburuan. Tindakan itu bertujuan untuk membangun jarak dan melepaskan diri dari jerat Yang Simbolik. Penelitian dalam perspektif ini perlu dilakukan sebab beberapa penelitian terhadap Pram sebelumnya selalu melihat diri dan karyanya sebagai representasi dimensi simbolik tanpa memperhatikan fakta-fakta bahwa Pram juga menunjukkan penolakan frontal terhadap Yang Simbolik itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep subjektivitas yang dirumuskan oleh Slavoj Zizek, di mana subjek selalu terdiri atas komponen Yang Riil, Yang Imajiner dan Yang Simbolik. Penolakan terhadap Yang Simbolik dilakukan ketika muncul kekurangan (lack) akibat Yang Simbolik berupaya untuk terus mentotalisasi. Kesadaran bahwa ada yang kurang membuat subjek terus berjalan meninggalkan Yang Simbolik menuju Yang Riil dan menjadi subjek yang otentik. Dalam perspektif inilah tindakan Pram menulis novel Perburuan akan dicermati. Untuk mengetahui berbagai dimensi simbolik yang ada dalam novel Perburuan dan bagaimana Pram menyikapinya, peneliti menggunakan metode analisis sudut pandang Tzetan Todorov. Pergerakan sudut pandang Pram sebagai narator di dalam cerita, hubungannya dengan tokoh lain, keterlibatan dan sikap-sikapnya terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu menjadi indikasi subjektivitas Pram secara menyeluruh. Apa yang ada di dalam novel Perburuan dan sikap Pram sebagai narator di dalamnya kemudian ditarik keluar dan dilihat kemungkinan homologi struktural dan kulturalnya dengan konteks historis Pram kala itu. Apa yang dapat dilihat di dalam cerita serta apa yang terjadi terhadap novel itu secara keseluruhan menjadi satu kesatuan tindakan yang dapat menunjukkan karakter subjektivitas Pram. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa subjektivitas Pram ketika melakukan tindakan penulisan novel Perburuan menunjukkan karakteristik yang dapat dikatakan radikal terhadap beberapa dimensi simbolik yang dominan di sekelilingnya. Dimensidimensi tersebut antara lain, dimensi familialisme, feodalisme, nasionalisme dan humanisme. Karakter radikal juga tampak dari keseluruhan proses penciptaan novel Perburuan, mulai dari aspek waktu dan tempat penciptaan, homologi cerita novel dengan kehidupan Pram, serta tema-tema yang muncul di dalamnya. Tindakan-tindakan radikal emansipatif tersebut memunculkan perubahan Yang Simbolik di sekitar Pram sekaligus dalam momen bersamaan menarik subjektivitas Pram kembali kepada Yang Simbolik
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