Jurnal-el Badan Bahasa (e-Jurnal Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa - Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan)
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Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbicara Berbasis Kesantunan Berbahasa (Development Of Speaking Teaching Materials Based On Language Politeness)
Full text linkThis research implements Leech and Grice's language politeness maxims in the development of Speaking teaching materials. The goal is to produce a product of Speaking Teaching Materials Based on Language Politeness. The method used to achieve this goal is Research and Development with the procedure of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The method used to determine the feasibility of teaching material products developed is the questionnaire method of validation of language politeness material experts, teaching material readability experts, teaching material book graphics experts and teaching material user practitioners. The overall data obtained through the questionnaire is processed with descriptive statistics. Using Likert scale criteria, the results of expert validation show that the aspect of the material aspect of language politeness has a percentage of 88.66% with a very valid category, the graphical aspect of the teaching material book gets a percentage of 93.33% with a very valid category. The user practitioner test obtained the feasibility of teaching material products of 94.98% with a very feasible category. The results of the expert validation test and practitioner test show a percentage far above 61%. Thus, the product of Speaking Based on Language Politeness teaching materials produced is feasible to be implemented in the lecture process. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengimplementasikan maksim-maksim kesantunan berbahasa Leech dan Grice dalam pengembangan bahan ajar Berbicara. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghasilkan produk bahan ajar Berbicara Berbasis Kesantunan Berbahasa. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah Research and Development dengan prosedur Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Metode untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah metode angket validasi ahli materi kesantunan berbahasa, ahli keterbacaan bahan ajar, ahli grafika buku bahan ajar, dan praktisi pengguna bahan ajar. Keseluruhan data yang diperoleh melalui angket diolah dengan statistik deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan kriteria skala likert, hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan bahwa aspek materi kesantunan berbabahasa memilki persentase 88,66% dengan kategori sangat valid; aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar memeroleh persentase 97,33% dengan kategori sangat valid; aspek grafika buku bahan ajar memeroleh persentase 93,33% dengan kategori sangat valid. Uji prktisi pengguna diperoleh kelayakan produk buku bahan ajar sebesar 94,98% dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil uji validasi ahli dan uji praktisi tersebut menunjukkan persentase jauh di atas 61%. Dengan demikian, produk bahan ajar Berbicara Berbasis Kesantunan Berbahasa yang dihasilkan layak diimplementasikan dalam proses perkuliahan
Analisis Tokoh Rawana dalam Hikayat Maharaja Rawana: Sebuah Kompleksitas Karakter
Full text linkHikayat Maharaja Rawana is one of the manuscript versions of Hikayat Sri Rama that presents the complete story. In this hikayat there are a number of characters that are the same as the Hikayat Sri Rama, such as Dewi Sita, Sri Rama, Rawana, Lesmana. Each character has distinctive characteristics and plays an important role in the development of the story. One of the interesting characters to analyze is Rawana, a character who, although known as an antagonist, has complex character dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the character of Rawana in Hikayat Maharaja Rawanad by focusing on the aspects that shape his personality and how they contribute to the overall narrative. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with intrinsic approach. The data collection technique used the simak catat technique and in analyzing the data used the content analysis technique. The results obtained from this study are several characters of Rawana, namely 1) likes to hurt others, 2) strong and powerful, 3) likes to seize things belonging to others, 4) breaks promises, 5) careless, 6) easily lied to, 7) easily offended, and 8) does not want to listen to advice. Rawana does have a slightly complex character, because on the other hand he has a patient character that is identical to the protagonist, but the saga reveals that Rawana has this trait. AbstrakHikayat Maharaja Rawana merupakan salah satu versi naskah dari Hikayat Sri Rama yang menyajikan penceritaan secara lengkap. Dalam hikayat ini terdapat sejumlah tokoh yang sama dengan Hikayat Sri Rama, seperti Dewi Sita, Sri Rama, Rawana, Lesmana. Setiap tokoh memiliki karakteristik khas yang mendalam dan berperan penting dalam perkembangan cerita. Salah satu tokoh yang menarik untuk dianalisis adalah Rawana, tokoh yang meskipun dikenal sebagai antagonis, tetapi memiliki dimensi karakter yang kompleks. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter dari tokoh Rawana dalam Hikayat Maharaja Rawanadengan berfokus pada aspek-aspek yang membentuk kepribadiannya dan bagaimana karakter tersebut berkontribusi dalam keseluruhan narasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan intrinsik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak catat dan dalam menganalisis data memakai teknik analisis isi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan beberapa karakter dari Rawana, yakni 1) suka menyakiti orang lain, 2) kuat dan sakti, 3) suka merebut sesuatu milik orang lain, 4) ingkar janji, 5) ceroboh, 6) mudah dibohongi, 7) mudah tersinggung, dan 8) tidak mau mendengarkan nasihat. Sosok Rawana memang memiliki karakter yang sedikit kompleks, sebab di sisi lain ia memiliki karakter sabar yang identik dengan tokoh protagoni, tetapi dalam hikayat terungkap bahwa Rawana memiliki sifat tersebut
THE USE OF TPS IN EFL CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES TO REDUCE SITUATION SPECIFIC SPEAKING ANXIETY IN DELIVERING ADS MATERIALS
Full text linkThe possible causes of situation-specific speaking anxiety include fear of making mistakes, lack of confidence, and anxiety about speaking in front of peers or the teacher. Teachers need to find effective strategies to help students reduce speaking anxiety. This study employed qualitative research with a case study method. The data was collected through observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The participants were 18 students from the 10th grade. Based on the research results, the Think-Pair-Share strategy can be used as one of the methods to reduce situation-specific speaking anxiety. The use of this strategy as a teaching method has helped students reduce their anxiety and therefore improve their speaking ability. Students' responses showed that this strategy can: (1) Increase self-confidence, (2) Reduce anxiety, (3) Improve oral communication skills, (4) Provide enjoyable activities, and (5) Increase students' motivation to speak English in class
Psikologi Tokoh Utama dalam Cerita Rakyat Cupak Gurantang dan Bawang Merah Bawang Putih: Kajian Sastra Perbandingan
Full text linkThe folklore of Cupak Gurantang (CG) and Bawang Merah Bawang Putih (BMBP) was born and developed in the community and spread using everyday language. The folklore (CG) and (BMBP) tell about two brothers, but not siblings. Both stories have similarities in the characters and characterization in the story. This study aims to determine the similarities or differences in the classification of the emotions of the main characters in the folklore in terms of character psychology. The study approach used in the study is the study of literary psychology, Krech's classification theory and comparative literature studies. The data analysis technique used is the content analysis technique with the following steps: 1) identifying the emotions of the characters in the stories (CG) and (BMBP), 2) classifying the emotions of the characters based on the characterization of the characters in the story, 3) analyzing the emotions in the stories (CG) and (BMBP) by describing the data that has been obtained using David Krech's emotion classification theory, 4) comparing the emotions of the main characters in the stories (CG) and (BMBP). The results of the study show that the main characters in the folklore (CG) and (BMBP) have similarities and differences in emotions between characters. The characters Cupak and Bawang Merah have similar emotional classifications, namely anger, hatred and failure. The similarities in the emotions of the characters Cupak and Bawang Merah are due to the same character between the two. This is motivated by envy of their younger sibling and the luck that they never got. Thus, the envy that exists within them affects the psychological condition that they must have what their younger sibling has even though they have to do it in a cunning way. Meanwhile, the characters Gurantang and Bawang Putih have different emotions, but have the same character. The similarities in their characters are motivated by a life that demands them to be good and patient people. AbstrakCerita rakyat Cupak Gurantang (CG) dan Bawang Merah Bawang Putih (BMBP) lahir dan berkembang di tengah-tengah masyarakat serta menyebar dengan menggunakan bahasa sehari-hari. Cerita rakyat (CG) dan (BMBP) menceritakan tentang dua orang bersaudara, namun bukan saudara kandung. Kedua cerita ini memiliki kemiripan pada tokoh dan penokohan dalam ceritanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persamaan atau perbedaan klasifikasi emosi tokoh utama dalam cerita rakyat tersebut pada aspek psikologi tokoh. Pendekatan kajian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adaalah kajian psikologi sastra teori klasifikasi Krech dan kajian sastra banding. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi dengan langkah-langkah: 1) mengidentifikasi emosi tokoh dalam cerita (CG) dan (BMBP), 2) mengklasifikasikan emosi tokoh berdasarkan penokohan tokoh dalam cerita, 3) menganalisis emosi dalam cerita (CG) dan (BMBP) dengan mendeskripsikan data yang telah diperoleh menggunaakan teori klasfikasi emosi David Krech, 4) melakukan perbandingan emosi tokoh utama dalam cerita (CG) dan (BMBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama dalam cerita rakyat (CG) dan (BMBP) memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan emosi antar tokoh. Tokoh Cupak dan Bawang Merah memiliki persamaan klasifikasi emosi yaitu pada emosi marah, benci dan kegagalan. Persamaan emosi tokoh Cupak dan Bawang Merah dikarenakan watak antar keduanya yang sama. Hal tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh rasa iri hati terhadap sang adik dan keburuntungan yang tidak pernah mereka dapatkan. Dengan demikian, rasa iri hati yang terdapat dalam diri memengaruhi kondisi psikologis bahwa mereka harus memiliki seperti apa yang dimiliki oleh sang adik meski dengan cara licik agar mereka mendapatkannya. Sedangkan, pada tokoh Gurantang dengan Bawang Putih memiliki perbedaan emosi, tetapi memiliki watak yang sama. Kesamaan watak keduanya dilatarbelakangi oleh kehidupan yang menuntut mereka menjadi pribadi yang baik dan penyabar
Komik Online “Ngopi, Yuk!”: Kajian Praanggapan dalam Perspektif Pragmatik
Full text linkThe scope of pragmatic studies consists of 3 components, namely presupposition, conversational implicature, and entailment. One of the pragmatic studies that examines the meaning of assumptions or assumptions in speaking is presupposition. This study aims to describe and explain the dominant forms of presupposition in the online comic "Ngopi, Yuk!" episodes 929—1073. The type of research used was qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques used were listening and note-taking techniques. Data analysis used was an interactive analysis model which was carried out at the time or during and after data collection. Data analysis was carried out through 3 simultaneous activity flows, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of the study shows that 3 most dominant forms of presupposition are found, namely 33 existential presuppositions, 18 structural presuppositions, and 27 factive presuppositions. Existential presuppositions are characterized by the existence of a place, anentity, a person, time, words and phrases that indicate a person's atmosphere and condition. Structural presuppositions are marked by interrogative sentences or question words, while factive presuppositions are indicated by the use of verbs, verb phrases, adjectives, and adjective phrases. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk praanggapan yang dominan dalam komik online “Ngopi, Yuk!” episode 929—1073. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang dilaksanakan pada saat atau selama berlangsungnya pengumpulan data dan setelah pengumpulan data. Analisis data dilakukan melalui 3 alur kegiatan yang berlangsung secara bersamaan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 3 bentuk praanggapan yang paling dominan, yaitu praanggapan eksistensial sebanyak 33, praanggapan struktural sebanyak 18, dan praanggapan faktif sebanyak 27. Praanggapan eksistensial ditandai dengan adanya eksistensi tempat, entitas sesuatu, orang, waktu, kata dan frasa yang menunjukkan suasana serta keadaan seseorang. Praanggapan struktural ditandai dengan kalimat interogatif atau kata tanya, sedangkan bentuk praanggapan faktif ditunjukkan dengan penggunaan verba dan frasa verba dan adjektiva dan frasa adjektiva
The Concept of Jack Zipes’ Thoughts On Folktales
No full textFolktales are a form of folklore that reflects the values and social order that prevail in a community group in a certain period. To maintain the existence of folktales and transmit their cultural values, folktales have been adapted as children’s books. However, folktales undergo a lot of changes during the adaptation. The authors deliberately make the changes to eliminate the bad values in the folktales and make them educational reading for children. This article aims to analyze the adaptation process of Hikayat Maharaja Bikramasakti into a picture book entitled Ratna Komala and the Magic Rumbia Seed. Through close reading techniques, the researcher wrote the changes made to Hikayat Maharaja Bikramasakti when adapted into a picture book. Then, the researcher analyzed the data using Jack Zipes' thoughts. The research results show that the moral values prevailing in society and the government's ideology influence the adaptation of folklore. AbstrakCerita rakyat merupakan salah satu bentuk folklor yang mencerminkan nilai dan tatanan sosial yang berlaku dalam sebuah kelompok masyarakat dalam periode tertentu. Untuk menjaga eksistensi cerita rakyat serta mewariskan nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya pada generasi mendatang, cerita rakyat diadaptasi menjadi bacaan bagi anak. Namun dalam proses adaptasi tersebut, cerita rakyat banyak mengalami perubahan. Perubahan itu dilakukan oleh penulis cerita adaptasi untuk menghilangkan nilai-nilai buruk cerita rakyat dan menjadikan cerita rakyat bacaan yang mendidik bagi anak. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis proses adaptasi Hikayat Maharaja Bikramasakti menjadi buku cerita bergambar yang berjudul Ratna Komala dan Biji Rumbia Ajaib. Melalui teknik pembacaan dekat, peneliti mencatat perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada cerita rakyat ketika diadaptasi menjadi buku cerita bergambar. Kemudian, peneliti menganalisis data tersebut menggunakan pemikiran Jack Zipes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai moral yang berlaku di masyarakat dan ideologi penguasa memengaruhi proses adaptasi cerita rakyat.This article discusses Jack Zipes' thoughts on how folklore as oral literature and written form change through time. As an archipelago country consisting of hundreds of ethnic groups, Indonesia is blessed with diverse folktales. From time to time folktales are distorted as they are told over. When adapted for children, these stories undergo greater change since they are meant to teach morals, knowledge, and other good values. Most of the research studies about folktales in Indonesia use Vladimir Propp's morphology theory because they aim to analyze folktales’ structures. As far as the researchers’ knowledge, there is not any research that analyzes folktales as a cultural product that is constantly adapted from generation to generation and functions as a reflection of the times. This article aims to formulate Jack Zipes' thoughts into a theory that can explain the dynamics of folktale adaptations in Indonesia, especially in children's literature
ROCKY GERUNG POLITICS OBSERVER IN CRITICIZING THE GOVERNMENT ON THE YOUTUBE CHANNEL
No full textThis research was motivated by the delivery of criticism towards the government which is considered less polite by some circles. The purpose of this study is to explain the politeness in the language of RG political observers when criticizing the government. This type of research is qualitative research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The main instrument is the researcher himself. The data of this research is in the form of speeches by political observers of the RG which contain criticism of the government. The data source for this research is the RG YouTube channel. The data collection technique used is the observation and note taking technique. The data validation technique used in this study is triangulation. Technical data analysis is carried out by analyzing data according to the theoretical studies used to answer research questions that have been formulated. The research results show that. First, GM political observers in criticizing the government tend to use speech acts of direct criticism, although they sometimes use indirect criticism. Second, in criticizing RG, the dominant uses the maxim of praise, then agreement, and wisdom. However, RG tends to violate the politeness principles, especially the maxims of praise. This is because the criticism given tends to be direct without paying attention to the face of the speech partner or being criticized by RG
Struktur Mikro Sintaksis Takarir Instagram Ridwan Kamil dan Ganjar Pranowo
No full textInstagram is one of the social media of choice for 1.39 billion active users, including regional leaders who use this platform to convey information through captions in their content. The captions of Ridwan Kamil and Ganjar Pranowo, as regional heads with millions of followers, were chosen by researchers to be analyzed using a qualitative approach and critical discourse analysis (AWK) developed by Teun A. Van Dijk. Data taken from the Instagram captions of the two regional heads during the Cianjur earthquake disaster period at the end of November 2022 and the 2023 New Year's Eve floods that occurred in Semarang. The aim of this research is to identify the syntactic microstructure of regional leaders' Instagram caption discourse, which includes: (1) coherence, (2) sentence structure, and (3) use of pronouns. The results of the research show that there are similarities and differences in the estimates of the two regional leaders on each microstructural element. In Ridwan Kamil, elements of causal and positive coherence, active and passive sentence forms, as well as the use of the pronouns "I" and "we" were found. Meanwhile, in Ganjar Pranowo, elements of causal and positive coherence, active sentence forms, and the use of the pronoun "we" were found. AbstrakInstagram menjadi salah satu media sosial pilihan bagi 1,39 miliar pengguna aktif, termasuk pemimpin daerah yang menggunakan platform ini untuk menyampaikan informasi melalui takarir dalam kontennya. Takarir dari Ridwan Kamil dan Ganjar Pranowo, sebagai kepala daerah dengan jutaan pengikut, dipilih oleh peneliti untuk dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis wacana kritis (AWK) yang dikembangkan oleh Teun A. Van Dijk. Data diambil dari takarir Instagram kedua kepala daerah tersebut selama periode bencana gempa Cianjur pada akhir November 2022 dan banjir malam pergantian tahun baru 2023 yang terjadi di Semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi struktur mikro sintaksis wacana takarir Instagram dari pemimpin daerah tersebut, yang mencakup: (1) koherensi, (2) susunan kalimat, dan (3) penggunaan kata ganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan dalam takarir kedua pemimpin daerah pada setiap elemen struktur mikro. Pada Ridwan Kamil, ditemukan elemen koherensi sebab-akibat dan positif, bentuk kalimat aktif dan pasif, serta penggunaan kata ganti "saya" dan "kita". Sementara pada Ganjar Pranowo, ditemukan elemen koherensi sebab-akibat dan positif, bentuk kalimat aktif, serta penggunaan kata ganti "kita"
Ketransitifan dalam Status Facebook: Perspektif Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik
No full textThis study aims to describe the phenomenon of transitivity in Facebook statuses from a functional systemic linguistic perspective by Halliday. The research is of document study nature with a Functional Systemic Linguistics approach. Data was obtained through observation techniques, documentation techniques, and referential matching techniques derived from secondary data, namely Facebook statuses. The findings of this research indicate that clauses whose occurrences dominate over other clauses, such as material processes dominating over verbal, mental, behavioural, and relational processes. Furthermore, clauses that consistently appear in text production processes, such as phenomena, which have dominant occurrences compared to actors, goals, sensers, attributes, and scopes. Additionally, circumstances that dominate over other circumstances in the text include cause, which tends to dominate over matter, role, location, extent, and manner. The implications of this study impact the readers' understanding of the transitivity phenomenon in social media and enrich the literature for the development of discourse courses, critical discourse studies, and linguistics in general. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fenomena ketransitifan dalam status Facebook: perspektif linguistik fungsional sistemik Halliday. Jenis penelitian studi dokumen dengan pendekatan Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik. Data diperoleh melalui teknik observasi, teknik dokumentasi, dan teknik padan referensial yang bersumber dari data sekunder yaitu status Facebook. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa klausa yang kemunculannya mendominasi klausa lain seperti proses material yang mendominasi proses verbal, proses mental, proses perilaku, dan proses relasional. Klausa selanjutnya yang selalu muncul dalam proses pemroduksian teks seperti phenomenon yang kemunculannya dominan dibandingkan dengan actor, goal, senser, attribute, dan scope. Kemudian, sirkumtans yang mendominasi sirkumtans lain dalam teks, yaitu cause yang cenderung mendominasi matter, role, location, extent, dan manner. Implikasi penelitian ini berdampak kepada pemahaman pembaca terhadap fenomena ketransitifan dalam media sosial serta memperkaya literatur untuk pengembangan mata kuliah wacana, studi wacana kritis, dan linguistik secara umum.
RESISTENSI KULTURAL PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL HIKAYAT PUTI LIMAU MANIH: SINGA BETINA RIMBO HULU (Women Cultural Resistance In The Novel Hikayat Puti Limau Manih: Singa Betina Rimbo Hulu)
No full textWomen resistance has become an important issue because the oppressive and hierarchical patriarchal culture has harmed women’s rights. This study aims to discuss women's cultural resistance represented in a literary work. This study uses a literary criticism approach to reach the goal by applying Naomi Wolf's feminist theory and James C. Scott's resistance theory. The data source for this research is a novel written by a female writer, Aprilia Wahyuni, entitled "Hikayat Puti Limau Manih: Singa Betina Rimbo Hulu." The research results show that the female character in this novel, namely Puti and her friends, is carrying out resistance against patriarchal culture. The resistance is classified into open and closed resistance. An example of open resistance can be seen in Puti's attitude in negotiating her rights as a woman, fighting for their rights to choose partners, teaching women, and against sexual harassment, as well as resisting against the colonial Japan. Closed resistance, for example, was shown by Puti’s resistance to bow, a symbol of respect, to Japanese army. Resistensi perempuan merupakan isu penting dalam riset karena budaya patriarki yang menindas dan hirarkis telah banyak merugikan dan merampas hak perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas resistensi kultural perempuan yang dinarasikan dalam novel. Untuk mencapai tujuan di atas, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra dengan menerapkan teori feminisme Naomi Wolf dan teori resistensi James C. Scott. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel yang ditulis oleh penulis perempuan, Aprilia Wahyuni, yang berjudul “Hikayat Puti Limau Manih: Singa Betina Rimbo Hulu.” Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan dalam novel ini, yaitu Puti bersama teman-temannya melakukan resistensi terhadap budaya yang patriarki. Resistensi tersebut diklasifikasikan menjadi resistensi terbuka dan tertutup. Resistensi terbuka misalnya, dapat dilihat pada sikap Puti yang menegosiasikan hak sebagai perempuan, memperjuangkan haknya dalam memilih pasangan, mengajar para perempuan, dan melawan pelecehan seksual, serta perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh perempuan bersama para pemuda terhadap penjajah Jepang. Resistensi tertutup misalnya, ditunjukkan oleh sikap Puti yang menolak untuk menunduk memberi penghormatan terhadap tentara Jepang