1,721,097 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Scientific debate of Panta Rhei research – how to advance our knowledge of changes in hydrology and society?
Get PDFThe Scientific Decade 2013–2022 of the International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) “Panta Rhei –
Everything Flows” is dedicated to increasing our knowledge
of interactions and feedbacks between hydrology and society.
Research is focused on processes and drivers of change in the
water cycle with a strong consideration of the interactions
with the changing human system. The general objective is to
improve our descriptions and predictions of water resources
dynamics to support sustainable societal development under
global change conditions (Montanari et al. 2013, McMillan
et al. 2016).
With this issue of the Hydrological Sciences Journal we
start the Panta Rhei opinion paper series. The purpose of
the series is to enrich and improve the Panta Rhei approach
via diverse, critical and constructive opinions from different
disciplines, “schools” and experiences. For this, we have identified
key questions and debatable topics, which will be covered
by invited opinion papers over the course of the next two
years. Besides the two papers published in this issue, it is
anticipated that two Panta Rhei opinion papers will be published
in the next few volumes of Hydrological Sciences
Journal at roughly four to six month intervals. The opinion
papers are identifiable via the Panta Rhei logo and the subheading
“Opinion paper” on the front page and will be
electronically linked to the online collection of Panta Rhei
opinion papers. Additionally, we want to motivate a scientific
discussion in response to the contributions and topics
presented
Comparison between Global Hydrological Models and observations: trend and drought analysis in England and Wales
No full textGlobal hydrological models (GHMs) have been widely used in scientific studies to describe the hydrological cycle at large scale. Many improvements have been made to these models, e.g., to include human influences, such as reservoir operations, water uses and land cover changes. Given these enhancements, the question is now how well these models can reflect trends and drought characteristics found in streamflow observations in relatively small catchments, where flow might be altered by different (local) human influences.
To answer this question, this study compares discharge simulated data from six different GHMs with observations in 189 gauging stations around England and Wales. A common characteristic of the considered catchments is their relatively small size (10-10000 km2) and part of the challenge consists in studying the ability of the models to describe hydrological conditions and human influences at such small scale. The selected catchments consist of a mix of catchments with near-natural flow as well as catchments with different human influences, such as groundwater abstraction and reservoir management. For all catchments, discharge trends and drought event characteristics have been determined for both observed and modelled time series and the outcomes have been compared.
Results show that GHMs (especially the course-resolution ones) simulate catchments areas larger than the observed ones. This overestimation influences simulated streamflow and impacts on the results of the trend and drought analyses.
The identified trends and drought characteristics, in fact, vary among GHMs and from GHMs to observations. It is evident the impact of groundwater abstraction emerging in the most affected regions, whereas the influence of the other human activities on drought characteristics is not so clear
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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