16 research outputs found
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK WANITA PREMENOPAUSE DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DALAM MENGHADAPI MENOPAUSE DI BANDA ACEH
No full textABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik wanita premenopause dengan tingkatkecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause di Gampong Lambaro Skep Kecamatan Kuta Alam Banda Aceh.Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi wanitaberumur 40-50 tahun dan belum mengalami menopause. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metodepurposive sampling pada 63 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 8-19 Desember 2010 di Gampong Lambaro Skep Kecamatan Kuta Alam Banda Aceh. Alat pengumpulan data berupa lembaran angket yang terdiri dari data demografi serta kuesioner untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan dengan skala likert yang dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terpimpin. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik Chi-square dengan confidence interval 95% dan alpha () 0,05. Pengujian hipotesa jika p-value nilai maka hipotesa null (Ho) diterima. Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara umur dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause (P=0,145, P), dan tidak ada hubungan antara status perkawinan dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause (nilai P=1,000, P). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause (nilai P=0,021, P), ada hubungan antara pekerjaan dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause (P=0,047, P), ada hubungan antara pendapatan dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menopause (P=0,018, P). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peningkatan wawasan tentang perubahan yang terjadi menjelang menopause menjadi sangat penting untuk di terapkan pada wanita pramenopause. Hal ini dapat menurunkan kecemasan terhadap menopauase serta dapat meningkatkan penerimaan terhadap menopause menjadi lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Kecemasan, MenopauseABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the relationship of the characteristics of premenopausal women with levels ofanxiety in the face of menopause in Gampong Lambaro Skep, Kuta Alam district, Banda Aceh. The study design is descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach to the female aged 40-50 years and have not experienced menopause. Sampling technique that used was purposive sampling to gain 63 samples. Data were collected on December 8 to 19, 2010 in Gampong Lambaro Skep, Kuta Alam District, BandaAceh. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaire that consists of: demographic data and a set questionnaire to measure the level of anxiety by using Likert scale and by interviewing guided. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square with 95% confidence interval and alpha () of 0.05. The hypothesis test determined if p-value value then the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted. The results of bivariate analysisshowed that there was no relationship between age and level of anxiety in the face of menopause (P = 0.145, P ), and there was no association between marital status to the level of anxiety in the face of menopause (P = 1.000, P ). The results also showed no relationship between education and the level of anxiety in the face of menopause (P = 0.021, P ), there is a relationship between work and the level of anxiety in the face of menopause (P = 0.047, P ), and there is a relationship between income the level of anxiety in theface of menopause (P = 0.018, P ). Based on the results, increasing insight into the changes that occur during perimenopause is essential to be applied for premenopausal women. It can reduce anxiety about menopauase and increase acceptance of menopause.Keywords: Characteristics, Anxiety, Menopaus
GSTM1 Null, GSTT1 Null Gene and Low Erythrocyte GST Activity as Risk Factor of Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textLow plasma total glutathione (tGSH) levels, elevated levels of oxidized glutathione(GSSG) and low ratios of tGSH to GSSG in autism was reported. Glutathione S-
transferases (GST) are antioxidant enzymes that play important role in cellular detoxification and the excretion of environmental pollutants including heavy metals. At least seven distinct classes have been identified : alpha (α), mu (µ), pi (π), sigma (σ), theta (θ), kappa (κ), and zeta (ξ). Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and Glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) are known to be highly polymorphic.
Homozygous deletions of these genes result in lack of enzyme activity and impaired the ability to excrete metals including mercury. Combined effects of mercury (Hg) accumulation coupled with decreased levels of antioxidants (low glutathione and
antioxidant enzymes) contribute to the phenotypic presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Association of GSTM1 null genotype with autism has been reported.
Therefore the preliminary study was performed to investigate the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism as risk factor of ASD associated with GST activity and
phenotype expression. No significant differences were found in frequencies of GSTM1 null,GSTT1 null and combination both genotype between ASD patients and controls. However the mean erythrocyte GST activity in ASD is significantly decreased compared with controls (p=0.043). Whereas, in severely autistic, mean erythrocyte GST activity lower than mild to moderately autistic,but there was no statistically significance. Further investigations are needed with increased sample size,multiple GST genes and GST activity determination, to find out gene susceptibility of ASD and factors that contribute to the phenotype expression of ASD.
Keywords: GSTM1;GSTT1;polymorphism: Glutathione S-transferase; erythrocyte;
Autism spectrum disorde
Are GSTM1 Null and GSTT1 Null Risk Factor of Autism Spectrum Disorder? a Preliminary Study
No full textBackground: Low plasma total glutathione (tGSH) levels, elevated levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and low ratios of tGSH to GSSG in autism were reported. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are antioxidant enzymes that play important role in cellular detoxification and the excretion of environmental pollutants including heavy metals. Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and Glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) are known to be highly polymorphic. Homozygous deletions of these genes result in lack ofenzyme activity and impaired the ability to excrete metals including mercury. Combined effects of mercury (Hg) accumulation coupled with decreased levels of antioxidants (low glutathione and antioxidant enzymes) contribute to the phenotypic presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Association of GSTM1 null genotype with autism has been reported. Therefore the preliminary study was performed to investigate the role of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null as risk factor of ASD associated with phenotype expression.Method: Fifty one ASD patients were recruited from special need & autism school and 45 controls from Semarang & Solo. Blood veins samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by salting-out method in CEBIOR Semarang. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene was done in UMBI Malaysia. Multiplex PCR was performed and PCR products were separated on 1.2 % agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized on UV transiluminator. GSTM1 & GSTT1 gene product is about 625 bp and 459 bp. Absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene band was interpreted as GSTM1 null & GSTT1 null.Results: The frequency of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null in ASD higher compared with control group but the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.357, OR=0.504; 95% CI 0.117-2.168 and p=0.364, OR=0.674; 95% CI 0.287-1.580). There is also no statistically different in the distribution of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null between mild to moderately autistic and severely autistic (p=0.983, OR=0.980; 95% CI 0.158-6.095 and p=0.439, OR=1.633; 95% CI 0.471-5.656).Conclusion: GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null are not risk factor of ASD. Further investigations are needed with a bigger sample size, analyzing multiple GST genes and GST activity determination to find out the gene susceptibility of ASD and factors that contribute to the phenotype expression of ASD
KENANGA: WOMEN’S CULTURE (AN ANALYSIS OF NOVEL, A WORK OF FEMALE AUTHOR WITH PRESPECTIVE ELAINE SHOWALTER CULTURE MODEL)
No full textIn understanding the women’s culture, historians see and distinguish various aspects of identity, roles, relationships, attitudes and pictures of women's lives formed in the culture of society in general. Female writers also express and present the women’s culture in their works. This study discusses how the women’s culture is represented in a novel written by a woman. A work that is written with attention to the cultural elements of women that presents women's lives through experience and narration. The object analyzed in this study is Oka Rusmini's novel entitled "Kenanga" which tells the women’s lives with Balinese cultural background. Oka Rusmini, the author is also a Balinese woman. The novel is analyzed by using the approach of Subjectivity (Spivak,1994) and Elaine Showalter cultural model (Showalter,1982) especially women's writing and women's culture model. This study shows that women authors represent experiences and women's issues in their works. Women authors also write down their responses and perspectives on the patriarchal culture that surrounds their lives with a Balinese cultural setting. Oka Rusmini also conveys resistance of social and cultural constructions which make women become subordinate through the attitude and life of the characters in her novel
A comparative study of water-steam distillation with water-bubble distillation techniques to increase the quality of patchouli essential oil
No full textPENERAPAN MODEL NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IPS DI KELAS TINGGI
No full textResearch through the application of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) model aims to improve the conceptual understanding of students in the high school elementary school research method used by the author is the class action research (PTK) of the students studied amounting to 40 students in class V. The instruments used in This research is a test instrument, teacher observation sheet and student activity observation sheet. The results of this study indicate that before the implementation of the NHT learning model as many as 7 students (19%) were completed and 33 students (83%) did not complete. However, after using the NHT learning model in cycles I and II, data was obtained that the results of understanding students' concepts increased. The results of the first cycle show that as many as 15 (38%) students complete and as many as 25 (62%) students have not finished. Then the results of the second cycle test showed that as many as 36 (90%) were complete and as many as 4 (10%) were not completed. The increase that occurs in students who have reached (90%) is declared complet
PENERAPAN METODE SOSIODRAMA BERORIENTASI KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KREATIF SISWA DI KELAS 4 SD NEGERI SUKAMANAH KECAMATAN KALIJATI KABUPATEN SUBANG
No full textPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keadaan siswa sekolah dasar yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis. Kesulitan yang dialami siswa mulai dari cara memulai menulis, miskin ide yang akan ditulis, tidak terbiasa dalam menulis, serta kurang daya imajinasi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis kreatif melalui penerapan metode sosiodrama berorientasi kecerdasan emosional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Sukamanah Kecamatan Kalijati Kabupaten Subang dengan sampel penelitian siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Sukamanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen kuasi. Ada pun desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah nonequivalent control group desain. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian digunakan instrumen penelitian berupa tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode sosiodrama berorientasi kecerdasan emosional efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kreatif siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil dari hasil uji beda rata-rata (uji t) kemampuan menulis kreatif di kelas eksperimen mengalami peningkatan lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penulis menyarankan kepada guru-guru untuk membiasakan siswa terampil dalam menulis. Salah satu cara agar siswa termotivasi dalam menulis adalah dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran sosiodrama yang berorientasi kecerdasan emosional. Metode ini mendorong imajinasi siswa dalam menulis. Dengan demikian, kemampuan siswa dalam menulis akan meningkat.
The study was conducted based on the fact that elementary school students had difficulties when they were assigned with writing task. The difficulties covered the starting point of writing, lack of ideas, low reading habit, and lack of imagination. The study was aimed to improve students' ability in creative writing through the application of emotional intelligence-oriented sociodrama method. The study was conducted in Sukamanah state elementary school (SD Negeri Sukamanah) Kalijati-Subang with fourth graders as the sample. The study employed quantitative approach with quasi-experimental method. The research design choosen was nonequivalent control group design. Several instruments were used to obtain data such as tests and observations. The result showed that the method of emotional intelligence-oriented sociodrama was effective in improving students' creative writing ability. It was evidently proved by the score of t-test that the creative writing ability of experimental class was improved and higher than the control class. Based on the result, the author suggested teachers to accustom students to be skilled in writing. One way to motivate students to write was by emotional intelligence-oriented sociodrama. The method encouraged students’ imagination in writing. Thus, students' writing skill were increased
Bias Wawancara: Perbedaan Teknik Wawancara (Situational dan Behavioral) dalam Hal Penilaian Wawancara Kerja
No full textAnalisis Wacana Kritis Penggambaran Sosok Wanita Berdialog Al-Qur’an di dalam Kisah Al-Mutakallimah Bil Qur’an
No full textThis research aims to find out the purpose of using certain words in the figure of women who have dialogue with the Qur'an in the story of Al-Mutakallimah bin Qur’an with the background of the woman's life. This research used critical discourse analysis methods and Tahlili Qur'an interpretation methods. The analysis of the research focused on the words that are used in the story and the variety verses of the Qur'an spoken by the woman in the story. The author links the Critical Discourse Analysis theory to Asbabun Nuzul theory in the Qur'an to analyze every conversation that exists between Abdullah and the Woman figure. The research suggests that there is a link between the woman's background and the use of words that she says in her life except pieces of Qur'an verses
