1,721,557 research outputs found
Verso la riforma ospedaliera : un consilium sapientis del 1349
Full text linkGli articoli raccolti nel volume offrono approfondimenti sugli aspetti salienti che determinarono l’affermazione e lo sviluppo del diritto comune, progressivamente irradiatosi in tutta Europa, e dall’Europa in quelle parti del mondo che ne subirono l’influsso. Tre sono le prospettive di ricerca qui approfondite, su un arco temporale di sette secoli (XII-XVIII): i consilia dei giuristi, i percorsi di formazione nelle università (testi, generi letterari, dottrine, cattedre e maestri) e la scienza canonistica. Il contributo di Marina Gazzini, in particolare, si sofferma su un consilium di sapienti in merito alla natura laica o ecclesiastica degli ospedali medievali
Regulatory autonomy and liberalization of trade and investment flows: how are these competing interests balanced by international economic law?
No full textIntroduced by Giovanna Adinolfi, Claudio Dordi and Tarcisio Gazzini It has often been argued that trade and investment treaties unduly restrain the host State’s prerogatives and in particular its capacity to meet its responsibilities in areas such as the protection of the environment, human rights and other social values. The extent to which this argument..
Fake Middle Ages? : Le cronologie incredibili da Jean Hardouin ad Anatolij Fomenko
No full textIl saggio, che fa parte di un volume a cura della stessa autrice in cui si analizza il rapporto tra il falso e la storia, prende in analisi alcune teorie pseudo-storiche sviluppatesi a partire dal XVII secolo che, su basi filologiche o statistiche, hanno messo in discussione il tradizionale impianto cronologico del mondo occidentale negando, fra il resto, l’esistenza dell’alto medioevo, e in particolare degli anni racchiusi tra i secoli VII e X. Scopo di questo saggio non è tanto produrre elementi atti a confutare le teorie negazioniste e cospirazioniste, né tanto meno dare loro sponda ma piuttosto cercare di comprendere le ragioni della loro origine e del loro successo, un’operazione di analisi critica che da sempre sta a cuore allo storico. Al pari dei falsi e delle frodi che vorrebbero smascherare, questo revisionismo critico e le conseguenti stravaganti proposte alternative da esso scaturite dicono poco su ciò che vorrebbero dimostrare, ma molto sugli ambienti che li produssero e su quelli che li recepirono e continuano tutt’oggi a recepire.The essay, which is part of a volume edited by the same author in which she analyses the relationship between fakes, forgeries and history, analyses certain pseudo-historical theories developed since the 17th century that, on philological or statistical grounds, have questioned the traditional chronological structure of the Western world, denying, among other things, the existence of the early Middle Ages, and in particular the years between the 7th and 10th centuries. The aim of this essay is not so much to produce elements to refute the denialist and conspiracy theories, nor even to give them support, but rather to try to understand the reasons for their origin and success, an operation of critical analysis that has always been close to the historian's heart. Like the forgeries and frauds they would like to unmask, this critical revisionism and the extravagant alternative proposals that ensue from it say little about what they would like to prove, but much about the circles that produced them and those that received them and continue to receive them today
Energy Charter Treaty:Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
No full textThe chapter aims at examining the main achievements and challenges of the ECT, taking into account that the ECT is the treaty expression of a process for the development of a stable and predictable legal framework of the energy sector as well as the creation of an international energy policy forum with a much broader mandate. From this perspective, the Energy Charter Conference (ECC) is charged inter alia of the periodic revision of the treaty (Article 34(7) ECT), whereas Articles 33 and 42 ECT expressly provide, respectively, for the conclusion of protocols and declarations, and for the adoption of amendments.
It also explores the perspectives ahead, with special attention to the role the Russian Federation may be expected to play with regard to foreign investment in the energy sector, to the reshaping of the energy-related relations between the EU and the Russian Federation, and to the potential extension of the ECT constituency, especially to China, the Asian sub-continent and North Africa
Ospedali di passo sull’Appennino tosco-emiliano. Prato del Vescovo e Croce Brandegliana nelle proiezioni ecclesiastiche, economiche e militari di Pistoia (secoli XI-XIV)
Full text linkL’intervento prende in esame due casi di studio dell’Appennino tosco-emiliano: l’ospedale intitolato a San Benedetto e a Sant’Antonino delle Alpi, detto anche di Prato del Vescovo, e l’ospedale della Croce Brandegliana. Erano entrambi ospedali di valico posti su due delle principali strade che collegavano Pistoia ai territori emiliani. Particolarmente interessanti appaiono le vicende due e trecentesche di questi due enti (sorti a fine XI secolo), che conobbero il passaggio dalla giurisdizione ecclesiastica a quella comunale, l’ampliamento delle funzioni espletate, la progressiva riduzione della comunità ospedaliera fino al trasferimento in città o alla sua scomparsa. Nel tentativo di comprendere le ragioni di queste evoluzioni, nel contributo ci si sofferma sul significato assunto dalla costituzione di una rete ospedaliera per la colonizzazione ecclesiastica della zona; sulle conseguenze nell’indirizzamento militare delle attività ospedaliere derivante dall’affermazione del comune come forza politica; e infine sugli effetti di fenomeni di carattere climatico, fazionario e religioso nella configurazione del paesaggio assistenziale.The paper examines two case studies from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines: the hospital named after St Bartholomew and St Antoninus of the Alps, also known as Prato del Vescovo, and the hospital of Croce Brandegliana. Both were hospitals located in mountain passes on two of the main roads connecting Pistoia to the Emilian territories. Founded at the end of the 11th century, the history of the hospitals is particularly interesting in the 13th and 14th centuries, when they experienced the transition from ecclesiastical to communal jurisdiction, expanded their functions , and gradually reduced the hospital community, until its eventual move to the city or its complete disappearance. In an attempt to understand the reasons for thesedevelopments , the contribution focuses on the significance of the establishment of a hospital network for the ecclesiastical settlement of the area; on the consequences of the military reorientation of hospital activities as a result of the establishment of the municipality as a political force; and finally, on the effects of climatic, factional and religious phenomena on the shaping of the welfare 'landscape'
Lettori di Albertano. Qualche spunto da un codice milanese del Trecento
Full text linkAlbertanus of Brescia (c. 1190s - c.1250s) is nowadays considered by international historiography as one of the key figures of the Middle Ages. Judge, politician, writer, preacher, he was the author of three moral-didactic treatises and five confraternity sermons that enjoyed great diffusion, both in their original Latin and in subsequent translations in many European languages. he’s been attributed the pedagogical and ethical project of building the medieval civis, member of the religious community and of the state as well. Through the lens of a codex of the Trivulziana Library, belonged in the late 14th century to two Milanese brothers, we’ll try to check the success of this project, deepening some aspects of the catchment area and of the transmission channels of his works. In particular, they will be taken into consideration social and political environments, persistence of Latin, women’s fruition.
Keywords: Albertano da Brescia, manoscritti, Milano, guelfismo, bilinguismo, donne; Albertanus of Brescia, manuscripts, Milan, guelphism, bilingualism, wome
Contro Roma e contro Gregorio Palamas. Il manoscritto Città del Vaticano, BAV, Barb. gr. 291 da Costantinopoli a Leone Allacci
No full textLeo Allatius, and later Giovanni Mercati, had already appreciated the importance of the manuscript Città del Vaticano, BAV Barb. gr. 291 as a unique testimony of works, linked to the anti-Latin and anti-Palamite controversy, otherwise lost.
This article is the first detailed and comprehensive study devoted to the Barberinianus. The first part, dedicated to codicological and palaeographic analysis and to the history of the manuscript, is followed by a second part that introduces the collection of texts against the Latins and a third part that examines the collection of works related to the Palamite controversy. Two anonymous anti-Palamite works are published in the appendix. The results of the codicological and palaeographic analysis and the study of the two collections allow us to date the composition of the collection to the third quarter of the 14th century.Questo articolo è dedicato al manoscritto vaticano Città del Vaticano, BAV, Barb. gr. 291, un codice di eccezionale importanza storica e teologica. Frutto della collaborazione di Alessandra Bucossi, Chiara Gazzini e Antonio Rigo, lo studio rappresenta la prima analisi completa e approfondita di questo manoscritto, finora privo di una descrizione scientifica esaustiva. Attraverso un’attenta indagine codicologica e paleografica, gli autori ne stabiliscono la datazione e ne ricostruiscono la trasmissione da Costantinopoli a Leone Allacci. Il contributo esamina inoltre la raccolta unica di testi antilatini e antipalamiti — molti dei quali tramandati esclusivamente in questo testimone — gettando nuova luce su un capitolo cruciale, ma ancora poco studiato, della storia intellettuale e religiosa del XIV secolo bizantino. Fornendo una descrizione sistematica e un’interpretazione contestuale, l’articolo colma una lacuna significativa negli studi sui manoscritti bizantini e ridefinisce il ruolo del Barb. gr. 291 nella storia delle controversie teologiche e della trasmissione culturale tra Oriente e Occidente.This article is devoted to the Vatican manuscript Città del Vaticano, BAV, Barb. gr. 291, a codex of exceptional historical and theological importance. Written collaboratively by Alessandra Bucossi, Chiara Gazzini, and Antonio Rigo, it offers the first comprehensive study dedicated to this manuscript, which until now had never received a full scholarly description. Through detailed codicological and palaeographical analysis, the authors establish its dating and trace its transmission from Constantinople to Leone Allacci. They further examine its unique collection of anti-Latin and anti-Palamite texts—many preserved only in this witness—thereby illuminating a crucial yet understudied chapter in the intellectual and religious history of fourteenth-century Byzantium. By providing a systematic description and contextual interpretation, the article fills a significant gap in Byzantine manuscript studies and redefines the role of Barb. gr. 291 in the history of theological controversy and cross-cultural transmission
Storie di vita e di malavita. Criminali, poveri e altri miserabili nelle carceri di Milano alla fine del medioevo
Full text linkITALIANO: Il volume affronta un tema poco praticato dalla storiografia medievistica italiana – le prigioni e i loro abitanti – e cerca di mettere in risalto le specificità del caso milanese intorno al rapporto tra carcerati, giustizia e misericordia. Indagare la condizione dei carcerati si rivela un modo per cogliere le dinamiche di esclusione e di inclusione sociale pertinenti al controllo della devianza, una via di accesso all’ideologia religiosa, un mezzo per scavare nelle condizioni sociali ed economiche di una fetta di popolazione che, senza indagini di questo genere, rimarrebbe confinata a rappresentazioni di maniera, e permette infine un’ulteriore verifica dei meccanismi di relazione tra governanti e governati in uno stato, in questo caso principesco, del tardo medioevo. / ENGLISH: This book deals with a little practiced theme by italian medieval studies – prisons and their inhabitants – and seeks to highlight the specificity of the case-study of Milan around the relationship between prisoners, justice and mercy. Investigating the condition of prisoners it’s been a way to grasp the dynamics of social exclusion and inclusion relevant to the control of deviance, an access road to religious ideology, a way of delving into social and economic conditions of a slice of the population that, without investigations of this kind, would remain confined to rhetorical representations, and finally allows further verification of relationship’s mechanisms between government and governed people in a princely state of the late Middle Ages
Solidarity and Brotherhood in Medieval Italian Confraternities: AWay of Inclusion or Exclusion?
Full text linkHistorians usually consider medieval confraternities as lay religious communities involved in devotional and charitable practices which carried out a socializing function as well. Confraternities, when seen through this lens, fundamentally appear to be inclusive communities which helped strengthen the identities of good believers and good citizens by focusing on the solidarity created among the members of the association itself. This ecumenical vision depends essentially on a positive prejudice which is automatically ascribed to the concept of solidarity, and which often leads one to forget that, though solidarity in some cases may have rationales for inclusion, in many others it can be a source of exclusion. Yet, these opposite characteristics only seem to conflict, because to exclude someone means including someone else at the same time. The aim of this short paper is to discuss these aspects, especially with respect to northern late medieval Italy, along the lines of the question posed in these preliminary remarks: were medieval confraternities inclusive communities or exclusive institutions
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