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KRITIK ILMIAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM : Metode Dakwah Masyarakat Ilmiah
Get PDFAbstract;
Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (Islamization of Knowledge) atau Islamiyyat Al-Ma’rifat adalah sebuah gagasan yang timbul akibat adanya dikotomi dalam ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengembalikan ilmu pengetahuan pada pusatnya yaitu dengan ‘tauhid’. Kritik adalah kecaman atau tanggapan yang kadang-kadang disertai uraian dan pertimbangan baik buruk terhadap suatu hasil karya, pendapat, pemikiran dan sebagainya. Ilmiah berarti logis dan empiris. Kritik ilmiah ialah tanggapan seseorang atau pihak lain atas karya, pendapat atau pemikiran yang disertai dengan sanggahan yang masuk akal berdasarkan fakta yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Kritik atas teori atau pemikiran dalam khazanah ilmu pengetahuan bukanlah hal yang baru. Tujuan dari kritik ini sendiri jelas, yaitu karena tesis yang dikemukakan dalam teori tersebut tidak relevan lagi dengan perkembangan zaman, atau yang dalam terminologi pengetahuan dikatakan tidak terbukti lagi validitas dan realibilitasnya. Al-Qur`an mengajarkan agar manusia mencari kebenaran, karena kebenaran itu ada, dan kesalahan pun beserta orang-orang yang salahnya juga ada. Dalam beberapa ayat, Allah swt juga mengingatkan bahwa dalam hidup ini akan selalu ada dua pilihan; haqq dan bathil, benar (shawab) dan keliru (khatha`), sejati (shadiq) dan palsu (kadzib), baik (thayyib) dan busuk (khabits), bagus (hasanah) dan jelek (sayyi`ah), lurus (hidayah) dan tersesat (dlalalah). Semuanya itu mengajarkan nilai kepada manusia bahwa kebenaran itu ada dan mungkin untuk diraih.
Kata Kunci:
Kritik, Ilmiah, Metode, Masyarakat
Islamization of Sciences (Islamization of Knowledge) or Islamiyyat Al-Ma'rifat is an idea arising from the dichotomy in science. One of the efforts is to restore science to its center is the 'monotheism'. Criticism is criticism or feedback that is sometimes accompanied by a description and good bad judgment against a work, opinions, thoughts and so on. Logical and empirical scientific means. Scientific criticism is the response of a person or any other party for work, opinions or ideas are accompanied by a disclaimer that makes sense based on the facts that can be justified. Critics of the theory or idea in the treasures of science is not new. The purpose of this criticism itself is clear, that is because the thesis put forward in the theory is no longer relevant to the times, or that is in terms of knowledge is said to be proven again and realibilitasnya validity. The Qur'an teaches that man's search for the truth, because the truth is there, and the fault was with those who hurt also. In some verses, Allah also warned that in this life there will always be two options; haqq and falsehood, right (sowab) and wrong (khatha`), true (Sadiq) and false (kadzib), good (thayyib) and foul (khabits), good (exploratory) and the ugly (sayyi`ah), straight (guidance ) and lost (dlalalah). Everything was taught the value of the human being that truth exists and possible to achieve.
Keywords:
Critics, Scientific, Methods, Societ
Analisis Saddu Zari’ah Mencegah Gratifikasi
No full textJenis penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun sumber data bersifat penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah teologi snormatif. Sedang kanteknik pengolahan dan analisis data dengan analisis kritis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa esensi ‘Saddu Zari’ah’ adalah mencegah dan menutup jalan yang bentuknya mubah} akan tetapi bias mengantarkan kepada sesuatu yang haram, sehingga mukallaf bias mengerjakan perintah Syari’ dengan cara yang sempurna, atau meninggalkan larangan Syari’ dengan cara yang sempurna.
Memahami kaidah Saddu Zari’ah’ maka seorang mukallaf bias terhindar dari Gratifikasi, baik sebagai penerimah atau pemberi dan akan lebih arif dalam menyimpulkan jawaban hukum dengan mempelajari teks-teks syariat beserta maksud-maksudnya. Ahli hukum pada sisi lain dituntut untuk lebih bijak dalam menjawab problematika ummat, terutama yang menyangkut kebutuhan publik, sebagai pengamalan dari kaidah “Menolak keburukan (mafsadah) lebih diutamakan daripada meraih kebaikan
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN AWAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 111 MAPPEDECENG KAB. LUWU UTARA
Get PDFABSTRAK
Alwis, 2011, ” Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar Dan Kemampuan Awal Terhadap
Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 111
Mappedeceng.” Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Jurusan Tarbiyah,
STAIN Palopo. Pembimbing I, Drs. Nurdin K., M.Pd., Pembimbing II Andi
Ika Prasasti Abrar, S.Si., M.Pd
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex-post facto yang bersifat korelasional yang
bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kemandirian belajar dan
kemampuan awal baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara bersama-sama terhadap
hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappedeceng.Populasi
penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappedeceng tahun ajaran 2011.
Sampling dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling dengan langkah-langkah yang
dilakukan adalah (1) Semua siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappedeceng berjumlah 1
kelas, (2) Dari 1 kelas diambil secara total sebagai unit sampel. Data terdiri atas skor
kemandirian belajar dan skor kemampuan awal serta skor hasil belajar matematika.
Skor kemandirian diambil melalui kuesioner dan skor kemmpuan awal diambil
melalui dokumentasi serta skor hasil belajar matematika diambil melalui tes hasil
hasil belajar matematika. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kemandirian belajar
matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappedeceng, berada pada kategori sedang
dengan skor rata-rata 68,07 dari skor ideal 100 dengan standar deviasi 12,185 dan
variansi 148,478. Tidak terdapat pengaruh kemampuan awal matematika terhadap
hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappadeceng, dilihat dari
hasil uji t pada analisis regresi tampak bahwa b1 positif dengan nilai signifikansi
0,076, karena nilai signifikansi 0,076>0,05. Tidak terdapat pengaruh kemandirian
Belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111
Mappadeceng, dilihat dari hasil uji t pada analisis regresi tampak bahwa b2 positif
denagn nilai signifikansi 0,399, karena nilai signifikansi 0,399>0,05. Tidak terdapat
pengaruh positif kemandirian dan kemampuan awal secara bersama-sama terhadap
hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 111 Mappedeceng. Berdasark an
tabel ANOVAb
ternyata di dapat Fhitung adalah 2,374 dengan tingkat signifikan (P)
0,112a
karena P jauh lebih besar dari � =0,05, karena nilai P lebih tinggi dari nilai �.
Jadi antar kemampuan awal dan kemandirian tidak memiliki pengaruh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analisis Sadd al-Zari’ah dalam Mencegah Gratifikasi: Analysis of Sadd al-Zari’ah in Preventing Gratification
Get PDFThe main problems in this research are (1) the essence of Sadd al-Zari’ah in the study of fiqh proposals, (2) the method of application and its limitations, and (3) the analysis of Sadd al-Zari’ah on the prevalent practice of gratification. tired. This description is born from various phenomena that are quite dilemmatic, can be seen, observed, and analyzed in the dynamics of community life, especially those related to legal imposition in muamalah problems. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data source is literature. The approach used is normative theological. While processing and data analysis techniques with critical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the essence of Sadd al-Zari’ah is to prevent and block roads that are permissible but can lead to something that is haram, so that mukallaf can carry out the command shar'i or abandon the prohibition of Sha r'i in a perfect manner. The implication is that by understanding the Sadd al-Zari’ah rule, a mukallaf can avoid gratification, either as a recipient or a giver and will be wiser in concluding legal answers by studying the Shari'a texts and their meanings. Legal experts on the other hand are demanded to be wiser in responding to the problems of the ummah, especially those concerning public needs, as the practice of the principle of “rejecting bad is prioritized over achieving good”
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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