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عدالة تقسيم معاش موظف حكومي بعد الطلاق: دراسة نظر العلماء بمدينة مالانج
No full textمستخلص البحث
عاقبة الطلاق كما نظّمها الفقه و قانون الزواج 1974 و جمع أحكام الأسرة الإسلاميّة هي وجوب نفقـة العدّة والمتعـة والحضانة على المطلّق. طبّقت هذه الوجوبة حتى انقضت العدّة للمطلّقة وبلغ حدّ البلوغ للولد. والمتعجّب من هذه المسألة كون نظام الحكومة رقم 10 سنة 1983 المجدّد بنظام الحكومة رقم 45 سنة 1990 الذي نظّم على وجوب تقسيم نصف معاش موظّف حكومي المطلّق أو ثلثه للمطلّقة حتى نكحها غيره.
أما أهداف هذا البحث العلمي هي لمعرفة نظر العلماء بمدينة مالانج عن عدالة نظام تقسيم معاش موظّف حكومي وأسباب اخـتلافهمإستخدم هذا البحث العلمي المدخل الحكمي الإجتماعي الذي أسّس على العلم الظاهري والنوع الكيفي. وطريقة جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي المقابلة والتوثيقة على مواضع البحث العلماء بمدينة مالانج. أما طريقة تحليل البيانات المستخدمة هي الوصفي الكيفي.
ونتيجة هذا البحث العلمي تدلّ على أنّ نظر العلماء بمدينة مالانج عن نظام تقسيم معاش موظف حكومي بعد الطلاق للمطلّقة متنوّعة. وقع هذا التنوّع لأنّ لكلّ منهم نظر متفرّق. الأول نظر أنّ هذا النظام غير عدل بإستدلال على النفقة في الإسلام. والثاني رأى بأنّ هذا النظام لم يدل على العدالة كليّة بإستدلال إلي الشركة. تقسّم هذه الأراء المتنوّعة على قسمين واق وإعتدال. كانت أسباب إختلاف طرز أفكارهم عواملا كثيرة منها الأول التربيـة، والثاني القوة في الكتابة وأجناس الكتب المتلوة، والثالث القوة في بحث المسائل الحكمية، والرابع أراء الأشخاص المحبوبين
ABSTRAK
Salah satu akibat perceraian sebagaimana diatur dalam fikih, Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) adalah dibebankannya kewajiban pemberian nafkah ‘iddah, mut’ah dan h}ad}a>nah kepada mantan suami. Kewajiban ini berlangsung sampai berakhirnya masa ‘iddah dan dewasanya anak. Namun yang menarik adalah keberadaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 Juncto Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 yang menentukan jika PNS laki-laki menceraikan isterinya, maka dia wajib memberikan separuh atau sepertiga gajinya kepada jandanya sampai ia kawin lagi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan pakar hukum di Kota Malang tentang keadilan pembagian gaji PNS pasca perceraian dan latar belakang perbedaan konstruk pemikiran mereka tentang keadilan pembagian gaji PNS pasca perceraian.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yang bertumpu pada fenomenologi dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data ialah wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan subjek penelitian pakar hukum di Kota Malang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandangan pakar hukum di Kota Malang tentang keadilan pembagian gaji PNS pasca perceraian beragam. Keragaman ini karena masing-masing memiliki argumentasi yang berbeda. Pertama, berpandangan bahwa aturan ini tidak adil dengan mendasarkan pemikiran mereka pada konsep nafkah; Kedua, berpendapat bahwa aturan ini tidak sepenuhnya mencerminkan keadilan dengan mendasarkan pemikiran mereka pada konsep syirkah. Keragaman pandangan ini diklasifikasikan kedalam dua tipologi, yaitu pandangan konservatif dan moderat. Kemudian perbedaaan konstruk pemikiran ini disebabkan karena beberapa faktor; Pertama, pendidikan yang pernah ditempuh; Kedua, tulisan dan buku-buku bacaan; Ketiga, intensitas dalam mengkaji isu-isu hukum; Keempat, tokoh intelektual yang diidolakan.
ABSTRACT
The legal consequences of divorcement as was reguleted by Islamic Jurisprudence, Law of Marriage no. 1 of 1974 and Compilation of Islamic Law are payment obligation of living wife, mut’a and cost of children care. This obligation has been applied until ending of idda and maturity of child. But the most interest of this problem is presence of government regulation no. 10 of 1983 juncto government regulation no. 45 of 1990 that has been determined salaries distribution to government employeed who divorced his wife until her second marriage.
The purposes of this research are to know the views of jurists at Malang about the justice of salaries distribution of government employees after divorcement and factors that caused their oppinions difference.
This research uses yuridical and sosiological approach that focus at phenomenology with qualitative research. Primary data collection was done by using interviewes and documentations with the jurists at Malang as research subjects, and technical analysis of data uses descriptive and qualitative model.
The results of this study showed that the views of jurists at Malang about the justice of salaries distribution of government employees after divorcement are diverse. This diversity happened because each of them had different argumentations. First, who said that regulation of salaries distribution of government employeed after divorcement was unfair, by using islamic living wife concept as argumentation. Second, whow viewed that regulation of salaries distribution of government employeed after divorcement didn’t show the fairness totality, by using shirkah concept as argumentation. These views diversity of jurists at Malang about the justice of salaries distribution of government employeed after divorcement be classified into two typologys, conservative and moderate. These diversity of jurists views construct were caused by several factors; (1) educational; (2) legal writings and literatures; (3) intention of legal issues study; (4) intelectual figures who idolized
Kewarisan Bilateral Masyarakat Muslim Jawa: Studi Komparasi Pandangan Hazairin dan Fakta Empiris
No full textThis research aims to describe the practice of bilateral inheritance among religious figures in Satreyan Village, Kanigoro Blitar District, then compare it with Hazairin's theory of bilateral inheritance to find out whether there are similarities in the legal explanation. This research is empirical juridical research using a comparative approach. The research results show that although both have the same spirit in efforts to accommodate equal inheritance rights for women and men, there are differences in legal reasoning. Bilateral inheritance among Satreyan religious figures was agreed upon in the heirs forum as an effort to sad dzariah without ignoring faraid. Meanwhile, Hazairin, in his bilateral inheritance, carried out new legal istinbath on inheritance verses and hadiths with different legal reasoning from the classical fuqaha'
Contestation and Negotiation on Interfaith Inheritance in Pancasila Village
Full text linkThis research aims to investigate the division of inheritance between different religions in Kampung Pancasila Balerejo Wlingi Blitar and analyze the relationship between legal systems in the division of inheritance. This research is a non-doctrinal research using a legal pluralism approach. Data were collected through document study, observation, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed using Sally Falk Moore's theory of legal pluralism. The results showed that the division of inheritance was carried out equally between men and women even though family members adhered to different religions. The process of inheritance division is carried out by deliberation by presenting village officials. The reality of the division of inheritance between different religions in Pancasila Village shows that local law and state law run simultaneously and complement each other. Kampung Pancasila has a self-regulating inheritance system. The capacity possessed by the people of Pancasila Village to regulate independently shows the existence of autonomy. However, this autonomy is not absolute (the semi-autonomous social field) due to the influence of state organs. These, namely village officials, come from outside the semi-autonomous area and affect the distribution of inheritance. This research contributes to identifying the contestation and negotiation between legal systems in the inheritance distribution practices of multi-religious families. In addition, this research also contributes to providing alternative solutions to the division of inheritance in multi-religious families.This research aims to investigate the division of inheritance between different religions in Kampung Pancasila Balerejo Wlingi Blitar and analyze the relationship between legal systems in the division of inheritance. This research is an empirical juridical research using a legal pluralism approach. Data were collected through observation, document study, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed using Sally Falk Moore's theory of legal pluralism. The results showed that the division of inheritance was carried out equally between men and women even though family members adhered to different religions. The process of inheritance division is carried out by deliberation by presenting village officials. The reality of the division of inheritance between different religions in Pancasila Village shows that local law and state law run simultaneously and complement each other. Kampung Pancasila has a self-regulating inheritance system. The capacity possessed by the people of Pancasila Village to regulate independently shows the existence of autonomy. However, this autonomy is not absolute (the semi-autonomous social field) due to the influence of state organs. These, namely village officials, come from outside the semi-autonomous area and affect the distribution of inheritance. This research contributes to identifying the contestation and negotiation between legal systems in the inheritance distribution practices of multi-religious families. In addition, this research also contributes to providing alternative solutions to the division of inheritance in multi-religious families
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGAWASAN PERATURAN DAERAH BERBASIS SYARIAH DI TULUNGAGUNG DAN BLITAR
No full textThis paper aims to examine the implementation, supervision and solutions of sharia-based regional regulations in Tulungagung and Blitar from the philosophical, juridical and sociological aspects. This study is an empirical juridical study. Data are obtained from Tulungagung and Blitar. While the analysis was carried out by using empirical qualitative data analysis methods. The results show that the implementation and supervision of sharia-based regional regulations, primarily related to worship services and respect in carrying out religious values in Tulungagung and Blitar, have been running effectively and efficiently.
Keywords: Implementation, Supervision, Regional Regulation, Sharia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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