7 research outputs found
Rising Wave of Social Media: A Perspective of Political Awareness, Voting Behavior, Online and Offline Political Participation of University Students in Pakistan
No full textIn this rapidly changing, technologically advancing and globally networked world, the possibilities of expression for the young generation that are now available have never been as great as they are today. Internet and communication technologies have not only expanded the number of activities of youth, but also the number of ways in which these activities are carried out. Pakistan's youth are also being influenced by the recent wave of social media. Social media platforms offer their users many different and innovative ways to express themselves. Whether it's passive online expression, such as casually liking and sharing social media content, or active online expression, such as commenting, discussing, interfering in online political controversies, evaluating, reading, and forwarding blogs, both promote different levels and forms of civic and political engagement (Gil De Zúñiga et al., 2009; C. Vaccari et al., 2015). In addition, all political parties at the national level in Pakistan also have social media accounts and social media teams. Political parties and personalities use social media for political campaigns and to gain access to young voters, especially those who have previously turned away from politics (Tasenţe & Nicoleta, 2013). Social media is now an increasingly popular platform for bringing about lasting change in the political environment of any country, whether in the mobilization of political protest in Spain through social networks (Anduiza et al., 2014) or in the case of the movement of the Arab Spring (Breuer, 2012; Breuer et al., 2015).
This study examines the phenomenon of political communication on Facebook and Twitter and its impact on the political mobilisation of young people in the context of political and social conditions in Pakistan. The data collected on various websites, which include surveys on social media users and on voter voting trends and their political participation, provide some clues to these phenomena and a solid foundation to address this research and test the theoretical theses. These theses are mainly examined with the help of Habermas' (1969) concept of the public sphere and Dahl's (1989) theory of democracy. The study explores the link between young people's political use of Facebook and Twitter and their political mobilization. Three essential elements of Dahl's theory of democracy as parameters of political mobilization are examined, namely an enlightened understanding of politics, equality in voting and an equal and effective participation of all citizens in the political process.
The data were collected using a quantitative research method by conducting surveys among 750 male and female university students aged 18-25 from all four provinces of Pakistan. All models of political mobilization were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results, presented in the respective chapters of the dissertation, show the differences between students from all four provinces of Pakistan based on their social media usage patterns, the differences in their political consciousness, the differences in their voting behavior, and the differences in their online and offline political participation.
The results show that political statements on social media have a positive and significant correlation with students' level of awareness by arousing students' interest in politics, engaging them in political discussions, and providing them with information and knowledge. Furthermore, the results show that political statements on social media have a positive but medium connection with the change in traditional voting behavior. Family pressure has a greater impact on the choice of choice than the influence of caste/biradri and friends. For political online and offline participation, political expression on social media has a positive and strong association with political online activities and a small to medium correlation with offline political activities. The impact of political expression on social media on female students is relatively small compared to male students, as female students have low levels of participation in offline political activities (real-life) and they seem more likely to accept family pressure when making voting decisions than male students.Overall, political expression on social media has proven to be a very strong predictor of political mobilization and is medium to highly related to all variables.In dieser sich schnell verändernden, technologisch fortschreitenden und global vernetzten Welt waren die Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten für die junge Generation, die jetzt vorhanden sind, noch nie so groß wie heute. Internet und Kommunikationstechnologien haben nicht nur die Anzahl der Aktivitäten der Jugend erweitert, sondern auch die Anzahl der Möglichkeiten, wie diese Aktivitäten ausgeführt werden. Auch die Jugend Pakistans wird durch die jüngst aufkommende Welle der sozialen Medien beeinflusst. Social-Media-Plattformen bieten ihren Nutzer*innen viele verschiedene und innovative Möglichkeiten, sich auszudrücken. Ob es sich um passiven Online-Ausdruck handelt, wie das beiläufige Liken und Teilen von Social-Media-Inhalten, oder um aktiven Online-Ausdruck, wie das Kommentieren, Diskutieren, Einmischen in politische Online-Kontroversen, Bewerten, Lesen und Weiterleiten von Blogs – beide fördern verschiedene Ebenen und Formen des bürgerlichen und politischen Engagements (Gil De Zúñiga et al., 2009; C. Vaccari et al., 2015). Darüber hinaus haben alle politischen Parteien auf nationaler Ebene in Pakistan auch Social-Media-Accounts und Social-Media-Teams. Politische Parteien und Persönlichkeiten nutzen soziale Medien für politische Kampagnen und um Zugang zu jungen Wähler*innen zu erhalten, insbesondere zu denen, die sich zuvor von der Politik abgewendet haben (Tasenţe & Nicoleta, 2013). Soziale Medien sind heute eine immer beliebtere Plattform, um nachhaltige Veränderungen im politischen Umfeld eines jeden Landes herbeizuführen, sei es bei der Mobilisierung von politischem Protest in Spanien durch soziale Netzwerke (Anduiza et al., 2014) oder im Fall der Bewegusng des Arabischen Frühlings (Breuer, 2012; Breuer et al., 2015).
Vorliegende Studie untersucht das Phänomen der politischen Kommunikation auf Facebook und Twitter und ihre Auswirkungen auf die politische Mobilisierung von Jugendlichen im Kontext der politischen und sozialen Verhältnisse in Pakistan. Die auf verschiedenen Websites gesammelten Daten, die Umfragen zu Nutzer*innen sozialer Medien und zu den Wahltrends der Wähler*innen und ihrer politischen Beteiligung enthalten, liefern einige Anhaltspunkte zu diesen Phänomenen und eine solide Grundlage, um diese Forschung anzugehen und die theoretischen Thesen zu testen. Diese Thesen werden hauptsächlich mit Hilfe von Habermas' (1969) Konzept der Öffentlichkeit und Dahls (1989) Theorie der Demokratie untersucht. Die Studie erforscht den Zusammenhang zwischen der politischen Nutzung von Facebook und Twitter durch Jugendliche und ihrer politischen Mobilisierung. Dabei werden drei wesentliche Elemente von Dahls Demokratietheorie als Parameter politischer Mobilisierung in den Blick genommen, nämlich ein aufgeklärtes Verständnis von Politik, Gleichheit beim Wählen und eine gleichberechtigte und effektive Beteiligung aller Bürger*innen am politischen Prozess.
Die Daten wurden mittels einer quantitativen Forschungsmethode erhoben, indem Umfragen unter 750 männlichen und weiblichen Universitätsstudierenden der Altersgruppe 18-25 Jahre aus allen vier Provinzen Pakistans durchgeführt wurden. Alle Modelle der politischen Mobilisierung wurden mit Hilfe einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse getestet. Die Ergebnisse, die in den jeweiligen Kapiteln der Dissertation vorgestellt werden, zeigen die Unterschiede zwischen den Studierenden aller vier Provinzen Pakistans auf der Grundlage ihrer Nutzungsmuster sozialer Medien, die Unterschiede in ihrem politischen Bewusstsein, die Unterschiede in ihrem Wahlverhalten und die Unterschiede in ihrer politischen Online- und Offline-Beteiligung.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass politische Äußerungen in sozialen Medien einen positiven und signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem Bewusstseinsniveau der Studierenden haben, indem sie das Interesse der Studierenden an Politik wecken, sie in politische Diskussionen einbinden und ihnen Informationen und Wissen zur Verfügung stellen. Weiter zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass politische Äußerungen in sozialen Medien einen positiven, aber mittleren Zusammenhang mit der Veränderung des traditionellen Wahlverhaltens haben. Der familiäre Druck wirkt sich stärker auf die Wahlentscheidung aus als der Einfluss von Kaste/Biradri und Freunden. Für die politische Online- und Offline-Beteiligung hat der politische Ausdruck in sozialen Medien eine positive und starke Assoziation mit politischen Online-Aktivitäten und einen geringen bis mittleren Zusammenhang mit politischen Offline-Aktivitäten. Der Einfluss der politischen Meinungsäußerung in sozialen Medien auf weibliche Studierende ist im Vergleich zu männlichen Studierenden relativ gering, da die weiblichen Studierenden ein niedriges Niveau der Beteiligung an politischen Offline-Aktivitäten (im realen Leben) aufweisen und sie den familiären Druck bei Wahlentscheidungen eher zu akzeptieren scheinen als männliche Studierende. Insgesamt hat sich der politische Ausdruck in sozialen Medien als ein sehr starker Prädiktor für politische Mobilisierung erwiesen und steht in einem mittleren bis hohen Zusammenhang mit allen Variablen
Political empowerment among young voters: Social media, partisanship and the moderating role of political interest
No full textDespite recent efforts to examine the political outcomes of social media use, little is known about the reinforcement of political empowerment and moderating effect of political interest. It is vital to understand the elements that influence the level of political empowerment. Therefore, this paper used a sample of Pakistani voters (n=410) aged 18-29 to offer insight into how social media use alongside other political behaviors, such as partisanship, political expression, and political interest, affect political empowerment. Social Identity Theory (SIT) and rational choice theory provided the theoretical underpinning for the variables of this study. The statistical analyses were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) to assess the effects of four variables i.e., social media use, political partisanship, political expression, and political interest, on political empowerment. This study made a significant contribution to the research literature by combining SIT and rational choice theory in one framework. This study also expands the literature on political interest by introducing political interest as a moderator between the inconsistent relationship of political expression and political empowerment. Our results demonstrated that partisanship and social media use positively influenced political expression among young voters. Moreover, political interest positively moderated the relationship between political expression and political empowerment
Empoderamiento político entre jóvenes votantes: Redes sociales, partidismo y papel moderador del interés político
No full textDespite recent efforts to examine the political outcomes of social media use, little is known about the reinforcement of political
empowerment and moderating effect of political interest. It is vital to understand the elements that influence the level of
political empowerment. Therefore, this paper used a sample of Pakistani voters (n=410) aged 18-29 to offer insight into
how social media use alongside other political behaviors, such as partisanship, political expression, and political interest, affect
political empowerment. Social Identity Theory (SIT) and rational choice theory provided the theoretical underpinning for the
variables of this study. The statistical analyses were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) to assess the effects of four
variables i.e., social media use, political partisanship, political expression, and political interest, on political empowerment.
This study made a significant contribution to the research literature by combining SIT and rational choice theory in one
framework. This study also expands the literature on political interest by introducing political interest as a moderator between
the inconsistent relationship of political expression and political empowerment. Our results demonstrated that partisanship
and social media use positively influenced political expression among young voters. Moreover, political interest positively
moderated the relationship between political expression and political empowerment.A pesar de los recientes esfuerzos para examinar los resultados políticos del uso de las redes sociales, se sabe poco sobre
el refuerzo del empoderamiento político. Es vital comprender los elementos que influyen en el nivel de empoderamiento
político. Por lo tanto, este documento utilizó una muestra de votantes paquistaníes (n=410) del grupo de edad de 18 a 29
años para ofrecer información sobre cómo el uso de las redes sociales junto con otros comportamientos políticos, como el
partidismo, la expresión política y el interés político, afectan al empoderamiento político. La Teoría de la Identidad Social
(TIS) y la Teoría de la Elección Racional proporcionaron la base teórica para las variables de este estudio. Los análisis
estadísticos se realizaron utilizando mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) para evaluar los efectos de cuatro variables, es decir,
el uso de las redes sociales, el partidismo político, la expresión política y el interés político, en el empoderamiento político.
Este estudio hizo una contribución significativa a la literatura de investigación al combinar ambas teorías en un solo marco. El
trabajo también amplía la literatura sobre el interés político al introducirlo como moderador entre la relación inconsistente de
la expresión política y el empoderamiento político. Los resultados demostraron que el partidismo y el uso de las redes sociales
influyeron positivamente en la expresión política entre los votantes jóvenes. Además, el interés político moderó positivamente
la relación entre la expresión política y el empoderamiento político
Equity challenges in academic satisfaction through online learning platforms and post-COVID implications using multigroup analysis
No full textDuring the lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic, the education sector implemented online teaching using a variety of online learning platforms (OLPs). Pakistan, a developing country, was not fully ready for this sudden move from offline to online teaching methods. Despite the effectiveness of online platforms in academic learning, concerns related to equity issues among students and teachers, such as the accessibility and affordability of internet and related technologies, ICT skills, and time management, have been raised. In this scenario, it is important to measure the effects of internal and external challenges to academic satisfaction of students and teachers. This study incorporates the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to build theoretical support. The study adopts a quantitative method, and a survey was conducted with 404 respondents representing students and faculty members of leading universities in all provinces of Pakistan. The data set was measured using multi-group analysis. The findings reveal a significant difference in the relationship between the use of OLPs and the academic satisfaction of students and teachers. However, the results do not reveal any significant difference for other hypothesized relationships across the two groups. This study suggests possible areas of improvement for educationists and educational policy makers to formulate future policies considering the issues raised in this study, in the context of a blended teaching setup
Questionnaire.docx
No full textThis is a questionnaire which is used for data collection through Survey.</p
The Psychological Impact of AI - generated Feedback on Learner self- concept and Motivation
No full textThe current research was aimed at examining how AI-based feedback can influence emotionally positive or negative responses of students and their engagement in learning in higher education. Based on a quantitative research design, statistical analysis methods were used to operate on 270 teachers within the Pakistani educational landscape with the help of a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the tone and quality of AI generated feedback could have a significant impact on motivation and confidence rates of students and their engagement in learning behaviors. Mediation analysis demonstrated that emotional response was also a vital component in describing the relationship between the level of feedback quality and engagement. The implementation of clear and timely AI feedback in accordance with the satisfaction of teachers might lead to an increase in the focus of the students or the alleviation of anxiety and trigger active learning, but in some cases, misdesigned information unsettled the students or even irritated them. According to this information, there is a necessity that is to be taken into account in order to identify the proper solution to introduce the AI technology in the classroom without causing the crisis with the assistance of training and establishing relations with the technical support. The discussion has emphasized the need to adapt AI feedback types to different needs of the current learning process and balance the presence of technology and human communication in order to establish further inclusion and accessibility. AI feedback has a potential to be the practical approach to education that would improve learning results provided it is applied in a moral and innovative manner as demonstrated by the researchers conducting the stud
The Role of AI in Reducing Cognitive Overload Complex Learning Environments
No full textThe current paper has examined the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the complex learning environment, considering how AI-based learning features (e.g., Intelligent Tutoring System, adaptive sequencing, automated feedback, and learning analytics) can be utilized to assist students in coping with the enormous learning demands. The research was conducted through quantitative research approach, where a sample of 280 undergraduate and graduate students doing different disciplines like engineering, statistics, computer science, and other sciences were utilized. Data collection was conducted with structured questionnaires and cognitive load scales and analyzed with SPSS 26 through the tools of statistical analysis such as the linear regression, correlation analysis and ANOVA. The demographic study revealed that gender, age groups, education levels, and fields of study were well represented so as to be generalized. Findings of the regression supported Hypothesis 1 indicating that there was a significant negative correlation between AI-based tool and cognitive overload; that is, greater AI support was associated with lower amount of overload. Hypothesis 2 was further supported by correlation analysis with the findings being that AI support and overload were strongly negatively correlated. Results of ANOVA Hypothesis 3 revealed that groups had significant differences, and the effects of AI tools were different among students based on their educational background. The findings are consistent with earlier researches and provide new data in contexts of complex learning. This paper explored that AI tools are effective in reducing cognitive load and enhancing learning, and has implications on curriculum design, equity, and the further adoption of technology
